中新生态城城市风环境生态指标测评体系研究
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摘要
中新天津生态城是我国与新加坡政府应对全球气候变化而合作开发的国际性示范项目,其建设受到了两国政府的高度重视。在中新生态城的规划建设过程中出现了如何制定科学、客观、符合当地生态环境特征、具有可操作性的城市设计生态标准;如何对城市设计方案进行生态环境质量的量化评价以作为规划决策和多方案优选的依据等关键性技术难题。城市物理环境品质是城市生态环境品质决定性的要素之一,而城市风环境品质是城市物理环境品质重要的组成部分。所以建立基于城市物理环境品质的中新生态城风环境生态指标测评体系对解决中新生态城规划建设过程中出现的上述关键性问题,保证其规划建设科学、合理的实行有着重要作用。
本研究的目的是通过对中新生态城气候的研究,科学地确定中新生态城风环境各关键参数值,对当前风环境的评价与测试方法进行研究,建立基于城市物理环境品质的中新生态城风环境生态指标测评体系。研究中,通过文献检索方式,系统总结归纳国内外关于城市风环境的研究成果,确定针对中新生态城风环境的测试与评价方法,初步构建中新生态城风环境生态指标测评体系框架;研究与城市风环境相关的城市生态环境问题,提出城市风环境生态指标,通过研究确定各项城市风环境生态指标阈值与指标说明;建立中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评方法;建立中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评流程。通过对中新生态城城市风环境生态指标、全寿命周期风环境测评方法、全寿命周期风环境测评流程的研究,最终建立中新生态城城市风环境生态指标测评体系。
本文在城市风环境研究方向上进行了探索与创新,建立了中新生态城城市风环境生态指标测评体系;提出了基于城市物理环境品质的城市风环境生态指标,并对其阈值进行了确定,建立了城市生态环境问题与城市风环境之间的量化关系;建立了中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评方法;建立了中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评流程。
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a international demonstration project that China and Singapore cooperatively develop to deal with global climate change. Its construction was attached great importance by the two governments. There are two Key technical challenges in the planning and constructing process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city. One is how to formulate a scientific, objective, consistent with local ecological environment characteristics and workable urban design ecological standards. The other question is how to do quantitative evaluation of ecological environment quality for urban design plan to provide basis for planning decision and multi-program selection. The quality of urban physical environment is one of the key elements determining the quality of urban ecological environment, and urban wind environmental quality is an important component of urban physical environmental quality. Therefore, establishing a Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environmental test and evaluation system of ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality play an important role in solving above key problems arising in planning and constructing process, and ensuring its scientific and rational practice in plan and construction.
This study aimed at scientifically determining all key parameters of Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environment through the research on its climate, researching current evaluation methods of wind environment, establishing Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environment test and evaluation system of ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality. In detail, through literature search methods, this paper systematically summarizes research fruits of urban wind environment at home and abroad, identify the assessing and testing methods for Sino-Singapore Eco-city, initially set up a wind environment ecological indicators measurement system framework for it. This paper researches urban ecological environmental problems related with urban wind environment, raise urban wind environment ecological indicators, and ensure every urban wind environment ecological indicator threshold and indicator explanation. This paper established life cycle wind environmental evaluation methods and process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city. Through the research on Sino-Singapore wind environment ecological indicators, life cycle wind environment evaluation methods and process, this paper finally established Sino-Singapore Eco-city urban wind environment test and evaluation system of ecological indicators.
This paper did explanation and innovation on urban wind environment, established urban wind environment ecological indicators evaluation system of Sino-Singapore Eco-city, proposed urban wind environment ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality and ensured its threshold level, founded quantitative relationship between urban ecological environmental problems and urban wind environment, set up life cycle wind environment evaluation methods and process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city.
本研究的目的是通过对中新生态城气候的研究,科学地确定中新生态城风环境各关键参数值,对当前风环境的评价与测试方法进行研究,建立基于城市物理环境品质的中新生态城风环境生态指标测评体系。研究中,通过文献检索方式,系统总结归纳国内外关于城市风环境的研究成果,确定针对中新生态城风环境的测试与评价方法,初步构建中新生态城风环境生态指标测评体系框架;研究与城市风环境相关的城市生态环境问题,提出城市风环境生态指标,通过研究确定各项城市风环境生态指标阈值与指标说明;建立中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评方法;建立中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评流程。通过对中新生态城城市风环境生态指标、全寿命周期风环境测评方法、全寿命周期风环境测评流程的研究,最终建立中新生态城城市风环境生态指标测评体系。
本文在城市风环境研究方向上进行了探索与创新,建立了中新生态城城市风环境生态指标测评体系;提出了基于城市物理环境品质的城市风环境生态指标,并对其阈值进行了确定,建立了城市生态环境问题与城市风环境之间的量化关系;建立了中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评方法;建立了中新生态城全寿命周期风环境测评流程。
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a international demonstration project that China and Singapore cooperatively develop to deal with global climate change. Its construction was attached great importance by the two governments. There are two Key technical challenges in the planning and constructing process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city. One is how to formulate a scientific, objective, consistent with local ecological environment characteristics and workable urban design ecological standards. The other question is how to do quantitative evaluation of ecological environment quality for urban design plan to provide basis for planning decision and multi-program selection. The quality of urban physical environment is one of the key elements determining the quality of urban ecological environment, and urban wind environmental quality is an important component of urban physical environmental quality. Therefore, establishing a Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environmental test and evaluation system of ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality play an important role in solving above key problems arising in planning and constructing process, and ensuring its scientific and rational practice in plan and construction.
This study aimed at scientifically determining all key parameters of Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environment through the research on its climate, researching current evaluation methods of wind environment, establishing Sino-Singapore Eco-city wind environment test and evaluation system of ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality. In detail, through literature search methods, this paper systematically summarizes research fruits of urban wind environment at home and abroad, identify the assessing and testing methods for Sino-Singapore Eco-city, initially set up a wind environment ecological indicators measurement system framework for it. This paper researches urban ecological environmental problems related with urban wind environment, raise urban wind environment ecological indicators, and ensure every urban wind environment ecological indicator threshold and indicator explanation. This paper established life cycle wind environmental evaluation methods and process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city. Through the research on Sino-Singapore wind environment ecological indicators, life cycle wind environment evaluation methods and process, this paper finally established Sino-Singapore Eco-city urban wind environment test and evaluation system of ecological indicators.
This paper did explanation and innovation on urban wind environment, established urban wind environment ecological indicators evaluation system of Sino-Singapore Eco-city, proposed urban wind environment ecological indicators based on urban physical environmental quality and ensured its threshold level, founded quantitative relationship between urban ecological environmental problems and urban wind environment, set up life cycle wind environment evaluation methods and process of Sino-Singapore Eco-city.
引文
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[33]李兴荣,胡非,舒文军,北京冬季城市热岛特征及强弱热岛影响因子研究,中国科学院研究生学报,2007,24(4)
[34]王清川,郭立平,张绍恢,不同气象条件下廊坊城市热岛效应变化特征,气象与环境学报,2009,25(6)
[35]FORMAM R T T,GORDON M,Landscape ecology,New Tork:John Wiley&Sons,1986
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[37]宣工巧,运用景观生态学基本原理规划城市绿地系统斑块和廊道,浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5)
[38]俞孔坚访谈,城市环境设计,2007,4:26~27
[39]中新天津生态城管理委员会,中新天津生态城总体规划2008-2020,2008
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[42]边博,抓住机遇加快天津的风电的发展,环保产业资源节约与环保,2005,1
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[2]仇保兴,从绿色建筑的低碳生态城,城市发展研究,2009,7(16)
[3]蔺雪峰,中新天津生态城:低碳发展新根式,建设科技,2009
[4]W.Finkelstein,K.Fitzer,W.Moog,Measuring of Room Air Velocitieswithin Air-conditioned Buildings,The Heating and Ventilating Engineering,1975
[5]Stathopoulos,Baskaran, Engineering Structures, 1996, 11(18):876~885
[6]Tetsu Kubotaa, Masao Miurab, Yoshihide Tominagac and Akashi MochidadBuilding and Environment,2008,11(43) :1699~1708
[7]李朝奎,郑拴宁,赵会兵,陈良,基于3DCM的中尺度地面风场的空间分析研究,地理信息世界,2009,3:55~59
[8]傅晓英,刘俊,许剑峰,计算流体力学在城市规划设计中的应用研究,四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,34(6):36~37
[9]汤广发,赵福云,周安伟,城市住宅小区风环境数值分析,湖南大学学报(自然科学版)
[10]CHEN Q,Application of CFD tools for indoor and outdoor environment design,Int J Architectural Science,2000(1):32~45
[11]天津市气象局基础资料与实测气象数据
[12]清华大学建筑学院,天津中新生态城土地生态适宜性评价及概念性景观生态格局规划,2008
[13]林昕,中国东部夏季酷热气候变化特征及形成机理研究:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京信息工程大学,2007
[14]薛桁,杨振斌,袁春红,中国风能资源贮量估算,太阳能学报,2001,22(2)
[15]沈彦燕,袁峰,张静,矢量平均法测量地面风,气象水文海洋仪器,2008,2
[16]宋玉萍,蔡隆九,孙丽,气象参数对大气环境评价的影响,包钢科技,2006,28(1)
[17]中国建筑科学研究院,GB 50009—2001,建筑结构荷载规范(2006年版),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[18]柳孝图,建筑物理(第二版),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[19]聂若鹰,风力等级划分表,气象水文海洋仪器,2007,1:67~67
[20](美)凯文·林奇,加里·海克著,总体设计(黄富厢,朱琪等译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999,51
[21]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,绿色建筑设计规范(征求意见稿),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[22]Emil Simiu , Robert.H.Sscanlan , Wind Effects on Structures: Fundamentals and Applications to Design,Dover Publications,2009
[23]徐潜,范钦颖,段宁,王伟,陈建华,医院SARS重症监护病区空气传播途径的研究,中华医院感染学杂志,2005,15(12)
[24]刘宁微,马雁军,辽宁中部城市群污染物输送特征的数值模拟研究,气象与环境学报,2006,22(2):45~47
[25]张仁泉,小风和静风状态下TSP大气扩散模式的理论推导,中国环境科学,1997,2(17)
[26]孙玫玲,韩素芹,姚青,天津市城区静风与污染物浓度变化规律的分析,气象与环境学报,2007,23(2)
[27]Fernando H J S,Lee S M,Anderson J,Urban Fluid Mechanlcs:Air Clrculatlon and Contaminant Dispersion in Cities,Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2001,1:107~164
[28]Changnon S A,lnadvertent weather modiflcation in urban areas:Iessons forg lobal climate change Bull,Amer.Meteor.Soc,1992,73(5):619~627
[29]徐祥德,汤绪,徐大海,城市化环境气象学引论,北京:气象出版社,2002,62~82
[30]李兴荣,胡非,舒文军,北京冬季城市热岛特征及强弱热岛影响因子研究,中国科学院研究生院学报,2007,4:432~435
[31]周明煜,曲绍厚,李玉英,北京城市热岛与热岛环流特征,环境科学,1980,1(15):12~18
[32]王喜全,王自发,郭虎,北京“城市热岛”效应现状及特征,气候与环境研究,2006,11(5)
[33]李兴荣,胡非,舒文军,北京冬季城市热岛特征及强弱热岛影响因子研究,中国科学院研究生学报,2007,24(4)
[34]王清川,郭立平,张绍恢,不同气象条件下廊坊城市热岛效应变化特征,气象与环境学报,2009,25(6)
[35]FORMAM R T T,GORDON M,Landscape ecology,New Tork:John Wiley&Sons,1986
[36]丁九敏,刘玉石,景观生态学在河岸生态修复重的应用,安徽农业科学,2009,37(28)
[37]宣工巧,运用景观生态学基本原理规划城市绿地系统斑块和廊道,浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5)
[38]俞孔坚访谈,城市环境设计,2007,4:26~27
[39]中新天津生态城管理委员会,中新天津生态城总体规划2008-2020,2008
[40]冯采芹编,绿化环境效应研究(国内篇),中国环境科学出版社,1992
[41]朱瑞兆,薛析,我国风能资源,太阳能学报,1981,2(2)
[42]边博,抓住机遇加快天津的风电的发展,环保产业资源节约与环保,2005,1
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