基于场所精神的长沙城市广场景观调查与分析
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摘要
上世纪九十年代以来,随着我国经济持续快速发展及城市化逐步加快,中国城镇经历了一种前所未有的建设风潮。在这场设计风潮中,景观设计出现了高度的趋同,究其根本原因是场所精神的失落。但是目前国内在这一领域的理论研究还相对较弱,城市广场景观设计在场所精神方面更是缺乏有力的理论指导,因此有必要对城市广场景观的场所精神的设计理论及其实践进行深入的探讨与研究。
本文针对现在城市广场景观面临的一些场所精神方面的问题,以诺伯格·舒尔茨的场所精神和建筑现象学为理论支撑,得出评价场所精神的六大因子：场所空间、地域文化及其个性表达、尊重原有地景和结构、色彩、光影、材质。在此基础上,通过类比等方法,对长沙19个广场进行实地调查与分析,总结归纳长沙市城市广场建设的经验,并对现状提出合理性的建议。
通过对调查结果的分析,本文得出结论：长沙城市广场场所精神的表达大部分集中在地域文化上,其表达主题过于集中,涉及范围不宽,不能深入发掘长沙本地特色及标志性事物。光影是被大部分城市广场忽略的因素在以后的设计中应予以重视。在尊重原有地形方面,长沙的部分广场做得较好,如果在保留原有地形的基础上,做更多的变换空间以丰富广场的内容,有利于提高原有地形的价值。色彩的表达上,火车南站二段的红色辣椒,该雕塑无论从色彩上给人直观、强烈的视觉冲击是长沙色彩及文化符号运用成功的案例。从材质上来讲,个性特殊材质的运用是部分城市广场的亮点,在兼顾材质功能与景观的同时提高材料的附加价值,如在满足人触觉、视觉的情况下满足听觉、嗅觉等人体多方位的感觉是材质发展的趋势。
Since the nineties, as China's rapid economic growth and urbanization gradually accelerating, China's urban construction has experienced an unprecedented fashion. In this design trends, landscape design appears a high degree of convergence, it comes from the loss of the spirit of place. But now the theory of domestic research in this area are relatively weak, it is the lack of a strong theoretical guidance in landscape design for city square area by the spirit of place, so it is necessary to deeply study and research on the design theory and practice of the spiritual design for city plaza landscape.
In this paper, the landscape is now facing some of the city square place mental problems, base on the Spirit of Place by Norberg Schulz and phenomenology, analysis of the evaluation of the six factors the spirit of place:place space, local culture and individual expression, respect the existing landscape and structure, color, lighting, material. Based on the analysis of the evaluation factors, survey 19 square combination of field in Changsha, By analogy and other methods, trying to analyze the expression of the spirit of place in Changsha is outstanding achievements and shortcomings, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the future.
Through analysis of the results of the investigation, the paper concluded:Changsha City Plaza, most concentrated expression of the spirit of place geographically and culturally, and its expression is focused on the theme, scope is not wide, not deeply. Light and shadow are the factors most neglected city square design in the future attention should be paid. Respect the existing topography, the plaza done some good, if retained on the basis of topography, to do more transform space has rich content of the square, then more land to improve the value of the original terrain. The expression of color, the red pepper in the South Railway Station,the color of the sculpture in terms of intuitive people, a strong visual impact is the use of cultural symbols Changsha color and success stories. The material, the use of special materials personality is a part of the city square of bright spots, in both function and visual material and increase the added value of materials, such as meeting human touch, the visual context to meet the auditory, of factory and other multi-dimensional human body feeling is that material development trend.
本文针对现在城市广场景观面临的一些场所精神方面的问题,以诺伯格·舒尔茨的场所精神和建筑现象学为理论支撑,得出评价场所精神的六大因子：场所空间、地域文化及其个性表达、尊重原有地景和结构、色彩、光影、材质。在此基础上,通过类比等方法,对长沙19个广场进行实地调查与分析,总结归纳长沙市城市广场建设的经验,并对现状提出合理性的建议。
通过对调查结果的分析,本文得出结论：长沙城市广场场所精神的表达大部分集中在地域文化上,其表达主题过于集中,涉及范围不宽,不能深入发掘长沙本地特色及标志性事物。光影是被大部分城市广场忽略的因素在以后的设计中应予以重视。在尊重原有地形方面,长沙的部分广场做得较好,如果在保留原有地形的基础上,做更多的变换空间以丰富广场的内容,有利于提高原有地形的价值。色彩的表达上,火车南站二段的红色辣椒,该雕塑无论从色彩上给人直观、强烈的视觉冲击是长沙色彩及文化符号运用成功的案例。从材质上来讲,个性特殊材质的运用是部分城市广场的亮点,在兼顾材质功能与景观的同时提高材料的附加价值,如在满足人触觉、视觉的情况下满足听觉、嗅觉等人体多方位的感觉是材质发展的趋势。
Since the nineties, as China's rapid economic growth and urbanization gradually accelerating, China's urban construction has experienced an unprecedented fashion. In this design trends, landscape design appears a high degree of convergence, it comes from the loss of the spirit of place. But now the theory of domestic research in this area are relatively weak, it is the lack of a strong theoretical guidance in landscape design for city square area by the spirit of place, so it is necessary to deeply study and research on the design theory and practice of the spiritual design for city plaza landscape.
In this paper, the landscape is now facing some of the city square place mental problems, base on the Spirit of Place by Norberg Schulz and phenomenology, analysis of the evaluation of the six factors the spirit of place:place space, local culture and individual expression, respect the existing landscape and structure, color, lighting, material. Based on the analysis of the evaluation factors, survey 19 square combination of field in Changsha, By analogy and other methods, trying to analyze the expression of the spirit of place in Changsha is outstanding achievements and shortcomings, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the future.
Through analysis of the results of the investigation, the paper concluded:Changsha City Plaza, most concentrated expression of the spirit of place geographically and culturally, and its expression is focused on the theme, scope is not wide, not deeply. Light and shadow are the factors most neglected city square design in the future attention should be paid. Respect the existing topography, the plaza done some good, if retained on the basis of topography, to do more transform space has rich content of the square, then more land to improve the value of the original terrain. The expression of color, the red pepper in the South Railway Station,the color of the sculpture in terms of intuitive people, a strong visual impact is the use of cultural symbols Changsha color and success stories. The material, the use of special materials personality is a part of the city square of bright spots, in both function and visual material and increase the added value of materials, such as meeting human touch, the visual context to meet the auditory, of factory and other multi-dimensional human body feeling is that material development trend.
引文
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