超长工作面综采放顶煤开采矿压显现规律的研究
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摘要
本课题为内蒙古科技大学矿业工程学院与神华集团海勃湾矿业公司合作研究的项目。由于路天矿现有开采储量有限,若按照原来短工作面布置方式,留设区段保护煤柱太多,煤炭资源损失较大。为进一步提高工作面的单产水平,减少工作面搬家次数,降低开采成本,减少资源损失,把工作面加长到300m开采,但顶板管理难度增大,矿压显现规律有别于普通工作面。
本文通过计算机数值模拟研究和现场实测对厚煤层综采放顶煤工作面矿压显现规律以及围岩应力分布规律进行了深入研究。得出了综放工作面顶煤板矿压显现规律、顶煤板运移规律、围岩应力分布规律、巷道变形规律以及相邻工作面之间留设合理宽度的保护煤柱。得到1604超长工作面直接顶初次来压步距18m～22m,老顶初次来压步距27m～30m,老顶周期来压步距9m～12m。工作面加长以后,老顶来压显现呈现出工作面中间段超前、工作面靠近两端头滞后的特征。当工作面推进30m左右时,煤壁出现片帮,认为加快工作面的推进速度和提高工作面支架阻力是防治冒顶事故和降低煤壁片帮的有效手段。工作面两端头上方7m左右的地方形成一个应力集中区,应力大小4～5Mpa,这是因为工作面加长以后顶板的破断由原来的竖“X”破断变为横“X”破断,顶板首先在工作面的推进方向上破断,破断后就像一条“横梁”搭在工作面两侧的保护煤柱上形成应力集中的现象。应力大小没有达到煤柱的极限载荷,所以不影响生产。分析得出路天矿1604超长工作面和下一个工作面之间留设保护煤柱的尺寸应为9～10m。
该研究成果为超长综放面矿压控制设计、支架的选型和保护煤柱合理的尺寸优化提供了理论依据,对提高综放工作面煤炭回收率有重要的现实意义,为其他类似条件下的综放面提供了有益的借鉴,有较高的应用价值。
The topic is co-operative research projects of College of Resources and Security of Inner mongolia university of science and technology and Wuhai Shenhua energy company.Due to the existing open pit mining reserves are limited,if the original layout, leaving in so many section of the coal pillar, loss of coal resources are greater.To further enhance the yield level of face, reduce moving times of face,reduce mining costs, reduce loss of resources, the mining face lengthened to 300m,but the management of roof is difficult, rockburst behavior is different from the general face.
In this paper, through theoretical analysis, computer numerical simulation research methods and field measurement to conduct in-depth study of the thick coal seam caving face stress distribution of surrounding rock and regularity of mine pressure of thick coal fully mechanized caving face.The result is that get the law of top roof to pressure, movement laws of top-coal and roof, deformation laws of gates surrounding rock and the width of a reasonable size of the coal pillar for adjacent face. Get step away from the initial pressure of Immediate roof of 1604 long face is 18m～22m,step away from the initial pressure of roof is 27m～30m, step away from the periodic pressure of roof is 9m～12m.When the face is lengthened, roof pressure appear showing a face in the middle is lead,near both ends of the face is lag. When the face advanced 30m, coal wall spalling occurred, the effective method of controlling coal wall spalling and roof fall accident prevention is accelerating advance speed and Improving setting load of support.About 7m high of both ends of the face,there is stress concentration zone,stress is 4～5Mpa, this is because when the face is lengthened, roof breaking by the original vertical "X" breaking into a horizontal "X" breaking,roof first breaking happened in the advancing direction of the face,when the roof breaking,it is liking a beam pressed on the protection pillar,the formation of stress concentration. Stress does not meet the size limit of coal pillar load, so does not affect production. Analysis obtained the size of protective pillar section of 1604 face is 9m～10m.
The results provide a theoretical basis for rock pressure and strata control and the width of a reasonable size of the coal pillar and contribute to further study top-coal caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face. The results also benefit to improve the recovery of coal in fully mechanized caving face. At the same time it provides beneficial lessons for other similar fully mechanized long wall top-coal caving mining. Having a higher application value in this paper.
本文通过计算机数值模拟研究和现场实测对厚煤层综采放顶煤工作面矿压显现规律以及围岩应力分布规律进行了深入研究。得出了综放工作面顶煤板矿压显现规律、顶煤板运移规律、围岩应力分布规律、巷道变形规律以及相邻工作面之间留设合理宽度的保护煤柱。得到1604超长工作面直接顶初次来压步距18m～22m,老顶初次来压步距27m～30m,老顶周期来压步距9m～12m。工作面加长以后,老顶来压显现呈现出工作面中间段超前、工作面靠近两端头滞后的特征。当工作面推进30m左右时,煤壁出现片帮,认为加快工作面的推进速度和提高工作面支架阻力是防治冒顶事故和降低煤壁片帮的有效手段。工作面两端头上方7m左右的地方形成一个应力集中区,应力大小4～5Mpa,这是因为工作面加长以后顶板的破断由原来的竖“X”破断变为横“X”破断,顶板首先在工作面的推进方向上破断,破断后就像一条“横梁”搭在工作面两侧的保护煤柱上形成应力集中的现象。应力大小没有达到煤柱的极限载荷,所以不影响生产。分析得出路天矿1604超长工作面和下一个工作面之间留设保护煤柱的尺寸应为9～10m。
该研究成果为超长综放面矿压控制设计、支架的选型和保护煤柱合理的尺寸优化提供了理论依据,对提高综放工作面煤炭回收率有重要的现实意义,为其他类似条件下的综放面提供了有益的借鉴,有较高的应用价值。
The topic is co-operative research projects of College of Resources and Security of Inner mongolia university of science and technology and Wuhai Shenhua energy company.Due to the existing open pit mining reserves are limited,if the original layout, leaving in so many section of the coal pillar, loss of coal resources are greater.To further enhance the yield level of face, reduce moving times of face,reduce mining costs, reduce loss of resources, the mining face lengthened to 300m,but the management of roof is difficult, rockburst behavior is different from the general face.
In this paper, through theoretical analysis, computer numerical simulation research methods and field measurement to conduct in-depth study of the thick coal seam caving face stress distribution of surrounding rock and regularity of mine pressure of thick coal fully mechanized caving face.The result is that get the law of top roof to pressure, movement laws of top-coal and roof, deformation laws of gates surrounding rock and the width of a reasonable size of the coal pillar for adjacent face. Get step away from the initial pressure of Immediate roof of 1604 long face is 18m～22m,step away from the initial pressure of roof is 27m～30m, step away from the periodic pressure of roof is 9m～12m.When the face is lengthened, roof pressure appear showing a face in the middle is lead,near both ends of the face is lag. When the face advanced 30m, coal wall spalling occurred, the effective method of controlling coal wall spalling and roof fall accident prevention is accelerating advance speed and Improving setting load of support.About 7m high of both ends of the face,there is stress concentration zone,stress is 4～5Mpa, this is because when the face is lengthened, roof breaking by the original vertical "X" breaking into a horizontal "X" breaking,roof first breaking happened in the advancing direction of the face,when the roof breaking,it is liking a beam pressed on the protection pillar,the formation of stress concentration. Stress does not meet the size limit of coal pillar load, so does not affect production. Analysis obtained the size of protective pillar section of 1604 face is 9m～10m.
The results provide a theoretical basis for rock pressure and strata control and the width of a reasonable size of the coal pillar and contribute to further study top-coal caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face. The results also benefit to improve the recovery of coal in fully mechanized caving face. At the same time it provides beneficial lessons for other similar fully mechanized long wall top-coal caving mining. Having a higher application value in this paper.
引文
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[2]徐永圻.煤矿开采学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[3]彭文斌.FLAC 3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[4]煤炭安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[5]尚海涛,王家臣.综采放顶煤的发展与创新(2005年综采放顶煤与安全技术研讨会论文集)徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[6]宁宇.我国综放开采技术进步的回顾及有待解决的技术难题[M].中国科协2004年学术年会第16分会场论文集,2004.
[7]陈炎光,徐永圻等.高产高效矿井建设的现状及发展[J].煤,2003(3):8～10.
[8]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采场围岩整体结构与砌体梁力学模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995(3):9～12.
[9]钱鸣高,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(5): 225-230.
[10]钱鸣高.砌体梁的“S-R”稳定及其应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1994(3):6～10.
[11]钱鸣高,石平武.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991.
[12]姜福兴.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[13]钱鸣高,茅献彪,缪协兴.采场覆岩中关键层上载荷的变化规律[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(6):25-29.
[14]靳钟铭,魏锦平,靳文学.放顶煤采场前支承压力分布特征[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(3):21～218.
[15]宋振骐主编.实用矿山压力控制[M].山东:山东矿业学院矿压研究所,1992,7.
[16]张顶立.综合机械化放顶煤采场矿山压力控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[17]钱鸣高,石平五编.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003,11.
[18]陈贵.综放面围岩应力分布及矿压显现规律研究[D].硕士学位论文,2004,5.
[19]靳钟铭著.放顶煤开采理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001,4.
[20]钱鸣高.20年来采场围岩控制理论与实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):1～5.
[21]煤炭科学研究总院北京开采所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[22]宁宇.综放开采技术回顾与展望[M].2002年煤矿安全、高效、洁净开采与支护新技术研讨会,2002.
[23]谢文斌,陈晓翔,郑百生.采矿工程问题数值模拟研究与分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[24]陈忠辉,谢和平,王家臣.综放开采顶煤三维变形及破坏的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002(3):309～311.
[25]陈育民,徐鼎平编.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2009.
[26]刘波,韩彦辉(美国).FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2005.
[27]曹胜根,缪协兴.超长综放工作面采场矿山压力控制[J].煤炭学报,2001(6):243～245.
[28]张连勇,纵智,王连国.超长综放工作面矿压显现规律[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002(3):144～146.
[29] G.E. Exadaktylos, M.C. Stavropoulou. A closed-form elastic solution for stresses and displacements around[J]. Greece.International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2002(3):121~129.
[30] T.Unlu, H.Gercek. Effect of Poisson’s ratio on the normalized radial displacements occurring around the face of a circular tunnel[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2003(6):235~246.
[31] Xuanmin Song,Zhongmin Jin.Study on coal-rock Moving Law and its Control for Long Wall Top-coal Caving Face[J].Proceeding of 99 International Workshop on Underground Thick-seam Ming.1999(10):160~170.
[32] H. Hakami. Rock characterization facility (RCF) shaft sinking—numerical computations using FLAC[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2001(5):56~65.
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