混凝土疲劳损伤研究及寿命预测
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摘要
水泥混凝土路面是高等级公路最主要的结构形式之一,然而目前在我国随着混凝土路面建筑里程的逐年增加,路面过早损坏也变得越来越明显,主要是由于作用于其上的载荷反复作用而造成的疲劳破坏。因此,通过对混凝土构件疲劳性能的研究,准确识别出路面是否受损,确定损伤的位置和程度,预测其疲劳寿命显得尤为重要。
本文采用有限元数值计算与理论相结合的研究方法,结合以往实验研究结果,从损伤力学理论出发研究混凝土的损伤特性,定义合适的损伤变量,由损伤累积法则求出构件的疲劳寿命。
混凝土的疲劳破坏从本质上来说是疲劳裂纹从萌生、扩展到最终断裂的过程,同时也是能量耗散的过程,由此提出了基于临界平面的塑性应变能密度及总应变能密度疲劳寿命预测模型,并且分别利用两种模型预测了不同载荷状况下混凝土试件的疲劳寿命,通过与实验结果的比较分析,符合疲劳设计规范要求,得到了满意的结果。
然后,利用基于临界平面的总应变能密度疲劳寿命预测模型,预估了路面在不同载荷方位作用下的使用寿命。另外,鉴于当今路段上越来越严重的超载现象,文中分别从标准载荷与超载两种情况给予了分析。根据计算结果结合混凝土疲劳损伤发展的三阶段规律,可以在适当时候对路面实施加固修补措施,从而为实际工程带来一定的指导意义。
最后,从宏观断裂力学角度研究了疲劳裂纹扩展规律与裂纹尖端塑性应变能密度的关系,得出了适用于混凝土材料的基于裂纹尖端塑性应变能密度的裂纹扩展模型,并用该模型预测了混凝土中心裂纹平板的裂纹扩展寿命。
Cement concrete pavement is one of the most important structural styles of high-way. However, with the increasing mileage of construction year by year, the concrete pavement damaged prematurely becomes more and more obvious, which is mainly caused by the repeated loads act on it ,and finally fatigue failure occurs. Therefore, it is very fundamental to research the fatigue properties of concrete, identify whether the pavement damage accurately, determine the location and extent of damage, and then predict the fatigue life of concrete pavement. The research method combined the Finite Element analysis with theory is adopted in this article. Based on the previous experiment results, research the damage characteristic of concrete with the damage mechanics theory, define the appropriate damage variable and calculate the fatigue life from cumulative damage law.
In the essence, the fatigue failure of concrete is the process of fatigue cracks initiate, propagate, and fracture finally. It is also the process of energy dissipation. So two new fatigue life predicted models are proposed, which is separately based on the plastic energy on the critical plane, and the total strain energy on the critical plane. Verifications of the models are achieved by comparing the predictions obtained by using the new models and experimental dates of concrete specimen under different loading conditions.
Then, predict the fatigue life of concrete pavement under different load locations with the model of total strain energy based on critical plane. In addition, in view of the fact that more and more serious overload phenomenon nowadays, this article analyses the case from standard load and overload. Some repairing measures can be adopted for the pavement on time, according to the calculations and the three stages of concrete fatigue damage development. So as to bring some practical engineering significance.
Finally, research the relations of fatigue crack growth rule and the crack tip plastic strain energy with Macroscopic Fracture Mechanics. So a fatigue crack growth model based on crack tip plastic strain energy is proposed. And predict the fracture crack growth life of a concrete plate with center crack.
本文采用有限元数值计算与理论相结合的研究方法,结合以往实验研究结果,从损伤力学理论出发研究混凝土的损伤特性,定义合适的损伤变量,由损伤累积法则求出构件的疲劳寿命。
混凝土的疲劳破坏从本质上来说是疲劳裂纹从萌生、扩展到最终断裂的过程,同时也是能量耗散的过程,由此提出了基于临界平面的塑性应变能密度及总应变能密度疲劳寿命预测模型,并且分别利用两种模型预测了不同载荷状况下混凝土试件的疲劳寿命,通过与实验结果的比较分析,符合疲劳设计规范要求,得到了满意的结果。
然后,利用基于临界平面的总应变能密度疲劳寿命预测模型,预估了路面在不同载荷方位作用下的使用寿命。另外,鉴于当今路段上越来越严重的超载现象,文中分别从标准载荷与超载两种情况给予了分析。根据计算结果结合混凝土疲劳损伤发展的三阶段规律,可以在适当时候对路面实施加固修补措施,从而为实际工程带来一定的指导意义。
最后,从宏观断裂力学角度研究了疲劳裂纹扩展规律与裂纹尖端塑性应变能密度的关系,得出了适用于混凝土材料的基于裂纹尖端塑性应变能密度的裂纹扩展模型,并用该模型预测了混凝土中心裂纹平板的裂纹扩展寿命。
Cement concrete pavement is one of the most important structural styles of high-way. However, with the increasing mileage of construction year by year, the concrete pavement damaged prematurely becomes more and more obvious, which is mainly caused by the repeated loads act on it ,and finally fatigue failure occurs. Therefore, it is very fundamental to research the fatigue properties of concrete, identify whether the pavement damage accurately, determine the location and extent of damage, and then predict the fatigue life of concrete pavement. The research method combined the Finite Element analysis with theory is adopted in this article. Based on the previous experiment results, research the damage characteristic of concrete with the damage mechanics theory, define the appropriate damage variable and calculate the fatigue life from cumulative damage law.
In the essence, the fatigue failure of concrete is the process of fatigue cracks initiate, propagate, and fracture finally. It is also the process of energy dissipation. So two new fatigue life predicted models are proposed, which is separately based on the plastic energy on the critical plane, and the total strain energy on the critical plane. Verifications of the models are achieved by comparing the predictions obtained by using the new models and experimental dates of concrete specimen under different loading conditions.
Then, predict the fatigue life of concrete pavement under different load locations with the model of total strain energy based on critical plane. In addition, in view of the fact that more and more serious overload phenomenon nowadays, this article analyses the case from standard load and overload. Some repairing measures can be adopted for the pavement on time, according to the calculations and the three stages of concrete fatigue damage development. So as to bring some practical engineering significance.
Finally, research the relations of fatigue crack growth rule and the crack tip plastic strain energy with Macroscopic Fracture Mechanics. So a fatigue crack growth model based on crack tip plastic strain energy is proposed. And predict the fracture crack growth life of a concrete plate with center crack.
引文
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2交通部水泥混凝土路面推广组.水泥混凝土路面研究[M].人民交通出版社. 1997.03
3姚祖康.水泥混凝土路面[M].人民交通出版社. 1999
4黄晓明.水泥路面设计[M].人民交通出版社. 2003.06
5余文成.荷载作用下水泥混凝土路面开裂研究[D].硕士学位论文. 2005. 5
6高维成.水泥混凝土路面疲劳特性研究[D].西安公路交通大学硕士学位论文. 2000.6
7徐灏.疲劳强度设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 1981
8宋玉普.混凝土结构的疲劳性能及设计原理[M].机械工业出版社. 2006.8
9 ACI Committee 215. Considerations for Design of Concrete Structure Subjected to Fatigue Loading[J]. Journal of ACI, J. 1974,71(3):97~121
10 Heil M. Hawkins. American Concrete Institute Consideration for Fatigue[J]. IABSE Colloquim, Lausanne. 1982
11 Jan Ove Holmen. Fatigue of Concrete by Constant and Variable Amplitude Loading. Fatigue of Concrete Structure[J]. SP-75, ACI, 1982
12 B. Zhang , D.V.Philips. Effects of Loading Frequency and Stress Reversal on Fatigue Life Plain Concrete[J]. Magazine of Concrete Research. 1996, 12
13铁道部科学研究院混凝土疲劳研究组.混凝土在等幅和变幅重复应力下疲劳性能的研究[J].铁道部科学研究院. 1990.10
14王瑞敏.混凝土结构疲劳性能的研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文. 1989.11
15吴佩刚,赵光仪.高强混凝土抗压疲劳性能研究[J].土木工程学报. 1994, 27(3):33~40
16林燕清,欧进萍.混凝土多级等幅疲劳的变形发展规律试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 1999, 32(1):11~17
17李永强,车惠民.在等幅重复应力作用下混凝土弯曲疲劳性能研究[J].铁道学报. 1999, 21(2):76~79
18 Byung Hwan Oh. Accumulative Damage Theory of Concrete under Variable Amplitude Fatigue Loading[J]. ACI Materials Journal. 1991, 88(2):122~128
19鞠杨,樊承谋.疲劳累积损伤理论研究[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报. 1994, 27(5):115~120
20李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社. 2002
21王瑞敏,赵国藩,宋玉普.混凝土的受压疲劳性能研究[J].土木工程学报, 1991, 24(4):38~47
22王瑞敏,宋玉普,赵国藩.混凝土疲劳累积损伤准则[J].水利学报. 1992(5):72~76
23吕培印.混凝土单轴、双轴动态强度和变形试验研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文, 2001
24赵东拂.混凝土多轴疲劳破坏准则研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文, 2002
25李朝阳,宋玉普,车轶.混凝土的单轴抗压疲劳损伤累积性能研究[J].土木工程学报, 2002, 35(2):38~40
26张滨生,吴科如.水泥混凝土疲劳破坏的损伤力学分析[J].同济大学学报. 1989, 17(1):59~69
27 Ju Yang, Xie Heping. Application of Damage Definition Based on Hypothesis of Strain Equivalence[J]. Journal of Coal Science &Engineering, 2000, 6(2):9~14
28 Wei Jun, Wu Xinghao, Zhao Xiaolong. A Damage Model of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Mater. 2003, 18(3):40~42
29 Miroslaw Grzybowski, Christian Meyer. Damage Accumulation in Concrete With and Without Fiber Reinforcement[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1993, 90(6): 594~604
30朱劲松.混凝土双轴疲劳破坏试验与破坏预测理论研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文. 2003
31 Ravindra Gettu, Antonio Aguado and Marcel O.F.Oliveira. Damage in High Strength Concrete Due To Monotonic and Cyclic Compression-A Study Based On Splitting Tensile Strength[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1996, 93(6):519~523
32余寿文.损伤力学.北京:清华大学出版社. 1997:308~315
33李荣,邱洪兴,淳庆.疲劳累积损伤规律研究综述[J].金陵科技学院学报. 2005, 21(3):17~20
34杨晓华,姚卫星,段成美.确定性疲劳累积损伤理论进展[J].中国工程科学学报. 2003, 5(4):81~87
35刘瑞堂,何水清,马玲俊.变幅加载条件下的疲劳寿命[J].兵工学报. 1994, 11(4):43~47
36 D.Yang. A Distribution Function for the Fatigue Life of Concrete[J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 1994, 46(168):215~221
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