地壳高程方向周年运动特征的监测与研究
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摘要
本文是在构建毫米级国际地球参考框架ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame)背景下,对地壳形变高程方向周年运动特征进行了研究和探讨。文章首先对ITRF2005做了简单探讨,然后指出ITRF2005已不能满足当前科学研究的需要,并说明了ITRF2005为何不是真正的毫米级地球参考框架,和构建毫米级地球参考框架需要解决的两个关键问题：地壳非线性运动特征的监测与建模；地球质心运动的监测与建模。本论文只研究前者。第三章至第五章是文章的重点内容,讲的是利用我国地壳运动观测网络(CMONC)的25个GPS基准站站坐标时间序列拟合出各站垂向周年运动特征的年振幅和年相位,实现了地壳高程方向非线性运动特征(主要是周年运动)的空间技术监测(主要是GPS),由于GPS技术自身存在一些问题,GPS监测结果需要检核和比对来加以确认。这中间对GPS技术自身存在的问题和解的处理做了研究,并引出作为检核方法的下两章内容；还在ITRF2005的并置台站上进行VLBI、SLR和GPS监测结果的三种技术比对,用以检核GPS监测结果；同时利用国内8个IGS站的地球物理因素模制出站点高程方向周年运动的振幅和相位,也作为检核GPS监测结果的一种方法,最后给出GPS监测结果的可靠性的结论。同时本章对各种地球物理因素负载的计算方法做了简略探讨,并对地球物理因素模制精度进行了初步评估。最后为文章的总结,进一步总结了本论文研究的成果以及对未来发展的展望。
Based on the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame in mm-level, the anniversary movement characteristics of the crustal deformation in elevation are discussed and researched in this thesis. The thesis first makes a simple introduction about ITRF2005, then points out that ITRF2005 has not been able to satisfy the need of the current scientific research, and explained the reason why ITRF2005 isn't the correct terrestrial reference frame in mm-level. It introduces two key questions to solve in order to the construct millimeter level Earth reference frame:monitor and modeling of Crustal non-linear movement characteristics; monitor and modeling of the mass center of the earth movement. The thesis is focus on the first question. Chapter 3 to Chapter 5 is the key content of this thesis. Using 25 GPS station coordinate time series of CMONC, anniversary amplitudes and anniversary phases of the 25 stations are fitted, therefore, space technology measuring (mainly GPS) for crustal nonlinear movement (mainly the annual movement) characteristics in elevation is achieved. Because GPS technology itself has some problems, the GPS monitoring result needs to be confirmed through check and comparison. An introduction is given to reconciliated dealing with GPS technology's own questions in this course, and drew out the next two chapters about the control methods; Next is to contrast the results monitored by VLBI, SLR and GPS technology respectively in the ITRF2005 collocation stations, which is good for checking the results monitored by GPS; then with 8 IGS stations'geophysical factors of our country, amplitudes and phases of stations annual movement in elevation can be modeled, which is also a method to check the results monitored by GPS. Simultaneously, this chapter gives a brief introduction about the computational method of each geophysics factor loading, and makes a preliminary evaluation to the molded precision of the geophysics factors. The last chapter is conclusion. It further illustrates the research results and the precision they can achieve.
Based on the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame in mm-level, the anniversary movement characteristics of the crustal deformation in elevation are discussed and researched in this thesis. The thesis first makes a simple introduction about ITRF2005, then points out that ITRF2005 has not been able to satisfy the need of the current scientific research, and explained the reason why ITRF2005 isn't the correct terrestrial reference frame in mm-level. It introduces two key questions to solve in order to the construct millimeter level Earth reference frame:monitor and modeling of Crustal non-linear movement characteristics; monitor and modeling of the mass center of the earth movement. The thesis is focus on the first question. Chapter 3 to Chapter 5 is the key content of this thesis. Using 25 GPS station coordinate time series of CMONC, anniversary amplitudes and anniversary phases of the 25 stations are fitted, therefore, space technology measuring (mainly GPS) for crustal nonlinear movement (mainly the annual movement) characteristics in elevation is achieved. Because GPS technology itself has some problems, the GPS monitoring result needs to be confirmed through check and comparison. An introduction is given to reconciliated dealing with GPS technology's own questions in this course, and drew out the next two chapters about the control methods; Next is to contrast the results monitored by VLBI, SLR and GPS technology respectively in the ITRF2005 collocation stations, which is good for checking the results monitored by GPS; then with 8 IGS stations'geophysical factors of our country, amplitudes and phases of stations annual movement in elevation can be modeled, which is also a method to check the results monitored by GPS. Simultaneously, this chapter gives a brief introduction about the computational method of each geophysics factor loading, and makes a preliminary evaluation to the molded precision of the geophysics factors. The last chapter is conclusion. It further illustrates the research results and the precision they can achieve.
引文
[1]宋淑丽,朱文耀,熊福文.毫米级地球参考框架的构建[J],2009,52(11)：2704-2711.
[2]朱文耀、熊福文、宋淑丽,ITRF2005简介和评析[J],天文学进展,2008,26(1)：1-13.
[3]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF_solutions/2005/doc/ITRF2005_GPS.SSC.txt.
[4]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF_solutions/2005/ITRF2005_ts.php,2007.
[5]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5)：1045-1052.
[6]熊福文,朱文耀.长江三角洲地区地形变特征的GPS监测和分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6)：1719-1730.
[7]Springer, T. A., Modeling and validating orbits and clocks using the global positioning system [PhD thesis] [J], Berne:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,1999,3-12.
[8]Springer, T. A., Common interests of the IGS and the IVS [J], In:Vandenberg, N. R., Baver, K. D. eds., IVS 2000 General Meeting Proceedings, Germany:Kotzting,2000:296-303.
[9]Altamimi, Z., In:IGS General Bureau eds., IGS 2000 Annual Report [J], Pasadena, JPL, 2002:22.
[10]Hatamaka, Y., Sawada, M., Horeca, A., et al., Calibration of antenna-radome and monument-multipath effect of GEONET-part 2:Evaluation of the phase map GEONET data [J], Earth Planets and Space,2001,53(1):23-30.
[11]Penna,N.T., King,M.A. and Stewart,M.P.,2007, GPS height time series:Short-period origins of spurious long-period signals [J], JGR,Vol.112, B02402, doi:10.1029/2005 JB004047.
[12]King,M.A., Watson, Ch.S., Penna,N.T. and Clarke, P.T.,2008, Subdaily signals in GPS observations and their effect at semiannual and annual periods, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol.35, L03302, doi:10.1029/2007GL032252.
[13]X L Ding, D W Zheng, D N Dong, et al. Seasonal and secular positional variations at eight co-located GPS and VLBI stations [J], J Geod,2005,79:71-81.
[14]T. Van Dan, H. P. Plag, O. Francis, et al, GGFC Special Bureau for Loading:Current Status and Plans, http://www.sbl.statkart.no/archive/pos_paper_final.pdf,2002.
[15]Zhu Wenyao, Fu Yang and Li yan, Globat elevation vibration and seasonal changes derived by the analysis of GPS height [J], Science in China, Series(D),2003,46(8): 765-778.
[16]McCarthy D D,IERS Conventions 1996, IERS Technical Note 21 [J], Observatoire de Paris, June,1996.
[17]Longman, I. M., A Greens function for determining the deformation of the Earth under surface mass loads [J], Theory, JGR,1962,67:845-850.
[18]Farell W E., Deformation of the Earth by surface loads [J], Reviews of Geophysics and Space physics,1972,10(3):761-797.
[19]Mangiarotti, S., Cazenave, A., Soudarin, L., et al., Annual vertical crustal motion predicted from surface mass redistribution and observed by space geodesy [J], JGR,2001, 106(B3):4277-4291.
[20]Huang, J., Van den Dool, H. M., and Georgakakos, Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts [J], J Clim.,1996,9,1350-1362.
[21]Douville, H., Bazile, E., Caille, P., et al., Global Soil Wetness Project:Forecast and assimilation experiments performed at Meteo-France [J], J. Meyeorol. Soc. Jpn.77,1999, 305-316.
[22]Roads, J., Reichler, T., Chen, S., et al., Surface water characteristics and influences in NCER/DOE Reanalysis-2, paper presented ant the Second International Conference on Reanalysis, Reading, UK,23-27 Aug.,1999.
[23]Dong D N, Fang P, Bock Y, et al., Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS derived site position time series [J], JGR,2002,107(B4):ETG 9-1-ETG 9-16.
[24]Stammer, D., Tokmakian, R., Semtner, A. and Wunsch, C., How well does a 1/40 global circulation model simulate large-scale ocean observations [J], JGR,1996,101(25): 25779-25812.
[25]Johnson, H. O., Agnew, D. C., Monument motion and measurements of crustal velocities [J], GRL,1995,22,2905-2908.
[26]Levitus S., Boyer T. P., World Ocean Atlas 1994,4,129pp.
[27]Van Dam T M, Wahr J. M., Displacements of the Earth's Surface Due to Atmospheric Loading:Effects on Gravity and Baseline Measurements [J], JGR,1987, 92(B2):1281-1286.
[28]Van Dam T M, Blewitt G, Heflin M B. Atmospheric pressure loading effects on Global Positioning System coordinate determinations [J], JGR,1994,99(B12):23,939-23,950.
[29]熊福文,中国地壳非线性运动特征及上海市地面沉降的GPS监测和研究[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2008.6.
[30]符养.中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2002.12.
[31]王小亚,朱文耀,符养等.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳形变[J].地球物理学报,Vol 45(2)：198-209.
[32]宋淑丽,朱文耀,廖新浩.GPS应用于地球动力学研究的进展[J]，天文学进展,Vol.27No.6
[33]王小亚.GPS在地球物理方面的应用[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2002.11
[34]符养,韩英.ITRF2000和新的全球板块运动模型[J].测绘学院学报(2002d),Vol19(2)：85-88.
[35]韩英,符养.GPS高程数据时间序列分析[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学bank),2003,28(4)：425.
[36]王解先.地壳运动监测的平差模型[M],测绘出版社,1996年6月,P145-150.
[37]金双根,朱文耀.ITRF2000参考架的评价及其探讨[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学版),Vol.27 No.6
[38]沈永欢,梁在中等编著.实用数学手册[M].北京：科学出版社,1992.
[39]周忠谟,易杰军编著.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].北京：测绘出版社,1992.
[40]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/residuals_list.php.
[2]朱文耀、熊福文、宋淑丽,ITRF2005简介和评析[J],天文学进展,2008,26(1)：1-13.
[3]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF_solutions/2005/doc/ITRF2005_GPS.SSC.txt.
[4]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF_solutions/2005/ITRF2005_ts.php,2007.
[5]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5)：1045-1052.
[6]熊福文,朱文耀.长江三角洲地区地形变特征的GPS监测和分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6)：1719-1730.
[7]Springer, T. A., Modeling and validating orbits and clocks using the global positioning system [PhD thesis] [J], Berne:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,1999,3-12.
[8]Springer, T. A., Common interests of the IGS and the IVS [J], In:Vandenberg, N. R., Baver, K. D. eds., IVS 2000 General Meeting Proceedings, Germany:Kotzting,2000:296-303.
[9]Altamimi, Z., In:IGS General Bureau eds., IGS 2000 Annual Report [J], Pasadena, JPL, 2002:22.
[10]Hatamaka, Y., Sawada, M., Horeca, A., et al., Calibration of antenna-radome and monument-multipath effect of GEONET-part 2:Evaluation of the phase map GEONET data [J], Earth Planets and Space,2001,53(1):23-30.
[11]Penna,N.T., King,M.A. and Stewart,M.P.,2007, GPS height time series:Short-period origins of spurious long-period signals [J], JGR,Vol.112, B02402, doi:10.1029/2005 JB004047.
[12]King,M.A., Watson, Ch.S., Penna,N.T. and Clarke, P.T.,2008, Subdaily signals in GPS observations and their effect at semiannual and annual periods, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol.35, L03302, doi:10.1029/2007GL032252.
[13]X L Ding, D W Zheng, D N Dong, et al. Seasonal and secular positional variations at eight co-located GPS and VLBI stations [J], J Geod,2005,79:71-81.
[14]T. Van Dan, H. P. Plag, O. Francis, et al, GGFC Special Bureau for Loading:Current Status and Plans, http://www.sbl.statkart.no/archive/pos_paper_final.pdf,2002.
[15]Zhu Wenyao, Fu Yang and Li yan, Globat elevation vibration and seasonal changes derived by the analysis of GPS height [J], Science in China, Series(D),2003,46(8): 765-778.
[16]McCarthy D D,IERS Conventions 1996, IERS Technical Note 21 [J], Observatoire de Paris, June,1996.
[17]Longman, I. M., A Greens function for determining the deformation of the Earth under surface mass loads [J], Theory, JGR,1962,67:845-850.
[18]Farell W E., Deformation of the Earth by surface loads [J], Reviews of Geophysics and Space physics,1972,10(3):761-797.
[19]Mangiarotti, S., Cazenave, A., Soudarin, L., et al., Annual vertical crustal motion predicted from surface mass redistribution and observed by space geodesy [J], JGR,2001, 106(B3):4277-4291.
[20]Huang, J., Van den Dool, H. M., and Georgakakos, Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts [J], J Clim.,1996,9,1350-1362.
[21]Douville, H., Bazile, E., Caille, P., et al., Global Soil Wetness Project:Forecast and assimilation experiments performed at Meteo-France [J], J. Meyeorol. Soc. Jpn.77,1999, 305-316.
[22]Roads, J., Reichler, T., Chen, S., et al., Surface water characteristics and influences in NCER/DOE Reanalysis-2, paper presented ant the Second International Conference on Reanalysis, Reading, UK,23-27 Aug.,1999.
[23]Dong D N, Fang P, Bock Y, et al., Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS derived site position time series [J], JGR,2002,107(B4):ETG 9-1-ETG 9-16.
[24]Stammer, D., Tokmakian, R., Semtner, A. and Wunsch, C., How well does a 1/40 global circulation model simulate large-scale ocean observations [J], JGR,1996,101(25): 25779-25812.
[25]Johnson, H. O., Agnew, D. C., Monument motion and measurements of crustal velocities [J], GRL,1995,22,2905-2908.
[26]Levitus S., Boyer T. P., World Ocean Atlas 1994,4,129pp.
[27]Van Dam T M, Wahr J. M., Displacements of the Earth's Surface Due to Atmospheric Loading:Effects on Gravity and Baseline Measurements [J], JGR,1987, 92(B2):1281-1286.
[28]Van Dam T M, Blewitt G, Heflin M B. Atmospheric pressure loading effects on Global Positioning System coordinate determinations [J], JGR,1994,99(B12):23,939-23,950.
[29]熊福文,中国地壳非线性运动特征及上海市地面沉降的GPS监测和研究[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2008.6.
[30]符养.中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2002.12.
[31]王小亚,朱文耀,符养等.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳形变[J].地球物理学报,Vol 45(2)：198-209.
[32]宋淑丽,朱文耀,廖新浩.GPS应用于地球动力学研究的进展[J]，天文学进展,Vol.27No.6
[33]王小亚.GPS在地球物理方面的应用[D],博士论文,上海天文台,2002.11
[34]符养,韩英.ITRF2000和新的全球板块运动模型[J].测绘学院学报(2002d),Vol19(2)：85-88.
[35]韩英,符养.GPS高程数据时间序列分析[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学bank),2003,28(4)：425.
[36]王解先.地壳运动监测的平差模型[M],测绘出版社,1996年6月,P145-150.
[37]金双根,朱文耀.ITRF2000参考架的评价及其探讨[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学版),Vol.27 No.6
[38]沈永欢,梁在中等编著.实用数学手册[M].北京：科学出版社,1992.
[39]周忠谟,易杰军编著.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].北京：测绘出版社,1992.
[40]http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/residuals_list.php.
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