西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床地质物征及矿床成因探讨
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摘要
西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床位于冈底斯陆缘火山—岩浆弧内,定位于弧内中生代沉积盆地(甲玛—日多盆地),是西藏冈底斯成矿带上典型的矽卡岩—斑岩铜多金属矿床。本文在充分收集和仔细研究前人资料的基础上,并进行了大量的野外工作,综合运用构造地质学、岩石学、矿物学、矿床学、地球化学、流体包裹体地质学和同位素地质学等多学科的理论和方法,认为到:矿体主要分布于矽卡岩中,矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,分布于上侏罗统多底沟组的上部与下白垩统林布宗组接触的部位;矿石矿物以黄铜矿、斑铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿等原生硫化物为主,可占矿石矿物总量的95%以上;脉石矿物以石榴子石、透辉石等矽卡岩矿物为主;围岩蚀变以矽卡岩化、大理岩化、硅化、角岩化与成矿关系最为密切,水平和垂向上蚀变分带现象明显,规律性较强;氢、氧同位素研究表明在干矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要为变质水和岩浆水,后有大气降水和有机水混入;湿矽卡岩阶段成矿流体以岩浆水为主,在后期并有大气降水参与;根据矿石铅同位素、硫同位素、稀土元素研究结果表明,成矿金属物质主要来源于幔源或加厚的下地壳;流体包裹体研究表明,甲玛铜多金属矿床属于中高温热液矿床,部分流体包裹体均一温度在500°以上仍未均一,含子矿物流体包裹体较为发育,盐度较高,确定了成矿的物理化学条件。
最后,通过对矿床地质特征及矿床地球化学的研究,重新阐述了此矿床的成因类型。希望能对本区下一步的探矿、找矿及预测工作起到重要的理论指导作用。
Copper polymetal deposit of Tibet Jiama is produced in Gangdese epicontinental volcano-magmatic arc, which is located in Mesozoic intra-arc sedimentary basin. It is the typical representatives of skarn-porphyry Copper polymetal deposit in Tibet Gangdese metallogenetic belt. In this article, on the basis of full collecting and carefully studying the previous information, I have done a great deal of field work and synthetically used multidisciplinary theories and methods, such as: structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, gitology, geochemistry, fluid medium and enclosure geology, isotope geology, etc. Mineral ore are mainly distributed in skarn. It is in layers and similar layers, lensing output, located in the Upper Jurassic Duodigou formation and the contacting position of the Lower Cretaceous Linbuzong formation. The primary ore minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, molybdenite sulphide, and so on, which is native sulphide. They can totally be accounted for more than 95%. Gangue mineral is main skarn minerals, such as garnet, malacolite, etc. In rock alteration, skarnization, mamorization, silicate and hornfelsing are in the most closely relations to mineralization. In the horizontal and vertical, the phenomenon of alteration zoning is obvious and in strong regularity. The research of hydrogen-oxygen isotope indicated that in the anhydrous skarn stage metallogenic fluid are mainly metamorphic water and magmatic water, precipitation and Organic Water mixed in metallogenic fluid later; In the hydrous skarn stage metallogenic fluid are mainly magmatic water. According to the research of lead isotope, sulfur isotope and rare earth elements, the main ore-forming metals come from the mantle or lower thickening crust.The studies of fluid inclusion show that copper-polymetallic deposit in JIA Ma belongs to medium-high hydrothermal deposit, parts of fluid inclusion have not yet in uniform at more than 500°,fluid inclusions containing daughter minerals are well deve-loped,the fluid has relatively high salinity.The physico-chemieal conditions during the formation of deposits are determined.At last, through the study of the geological and geochemical characteristics, renewedly explain ore genesi. It is expected that the paper can plays important role in theoretical guidance for the future working of prospecting, exploration and forecast in this areas.
最后,通过对矿床地质特征及矿床地球化学的研究,重新阐述了此矿床的成因类型。希望能对本区下一步的探矿、找矿及预测工作起到重要的理论指导作用。
Copper polymetal deposit of Tibet Jiama is produced in Gangdese epicontinental volcano-magmatic arc, which is located in Mesozoic intra-arc sedimentary basin. It is the typical representatives of skarn-porphyry Copper polymetal deposit in Tibet Gangdese metallogenetic belt. In this article, on the basis of full collecting and carefully studying the previous information, I have done a great deal of field work and synthetically used multidisciplinary theories and methods, such as: structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, gitology, geochemistry, fluid medium and enclosure geology, isotope geology, etc. Mineral ore are mainly distributed in skarn. It is in layers and similar layers, lensing output, located in the Upper Jurassic Duodigou formation and the contacting position of the Lower Cretaceous Linbuzong formation. The primary ore minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, molybdenite sulphide, and so on, which is native sulphide. They can totally be accounted for more than 95%. Gangue mineral is main skarn minerals, such as garnet, malacolite, etc. In rock alteration, skarnization, mamorization, silicate and hornfelsing are in the most closely relations to mineralization. In the horizontal and vertical, the phenomenon of alteration zoning is obvious and in strong regularity. The research of hydrogen-oxygen isotope indicated that in the anhydrous skarn stage metallogenic fluid are mainly metamorphic water and magmatic water, precipitation and Organic Water mixed in metallogenic fluid later; In the hydrous skarn stage metallogenic fluid are mainly magmatic water. According to the research of lead isotope, sulfur isotope and rare earth elements, the main ore-forming metals come from the mantle or lower thickening crust.The studies of fluid inclusion show that copper-polymetallic deposit in JIA Ma belongs to medium-high hydrothermal deposit, parts of fluid inclusion have not yet in uniform at more than 500°,fluid inclusions containing daughter minerals are well deve-loped,the fluid has relatively high salinity.The physico-chemieal conditions during the formation of deposits are determined.At last, through the study of the geological and geochemical characteristics, renewedly explain ore genesi. It is expected that the paper can plays important role in theoretical guidance for the future working of prospecting, exploration and forecast in this areas.
引文
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