滇西南昌宁—孟连裂谷带火山岩及其构造环境的地球化学证据
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摘要
昌宁-孟连构造带是晚古生代裂谷带,是三江地区重要的成矿带,前人做过不少工作,但对其构造性质及其演化的认识分歧较大。裂谷带内晚古生代火山岩建造发育,深入研究火山岩及其岩石地球化学特征,对分析判别裂谷成因及其演化有重要意义。在综合分析前人工作成果和重点对裂谷带中段一澜沧老厂地区火山岩开展实际调研的基础上,本文运用岩石地球化学方法,结合岩石学和同位素地球化学方法等,对昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩进行分段对比研究,探究火山岩形成的构造环境。
通过对昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩岩石化学研究,主要取得以下认识：
1、岩石系列：通过对岩石分布和岩石系列的划分,确认昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩以碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列为主。早期以中基性-基性碱性系列为主,火山岩喷发作用强,范围广,是该区的主要岩石类型；晚期火山岩以基性拉斑玄武岩系列为主,火山作用弱,范围窄。在区域分布上,由北向南,碱性玄武岩减少,拉斑玄武岩增多。
2、岩石地球化学特征：昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩总体上具SiO2、Al2O3、全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量普遍比较低,TiO2、K2O、全铁含量高；稀土元素中无Eu、Ce异常；微量元素中Th含量高。
3、裂谷带火山岩化学特征的分段差异：中段玄武岩TiO2、K2O含量高,FeOFe2O3;稀土元素不富集,轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,大离子亲石元素不富集,具陆间裂谷玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征；南段玄武岩性质界于中段玄武岩和北段玄武岩之间,具二者的的过渡性质。
4、裂谷形成演化：昌宁-孟连裂谷带为形成于石炭世,于早三叠世消亡的主动大陆裂谷,其形成与地幔柱有关。伴随着火山作用,其演化过程可分四期：裂谷扩张期(D-C1)、和缓稳定阶段(C2+3-P1)、局部洋盆化阶段(P)、挤压封闭阶段(T)。
从裂谷火山岩研究结果看,本文认为：洋壳化过程在空间上只出现在北段铜厂街,发育规模小,在时间上也仅是较短暂的过程。因此,昌宁-孟连裂谷应属部分地段具有洋壳化特征的大陆裂谷。
The Changning-menglian rift, which is a Late Palaeozoic Volcanic Zone, is an important polymertallic ore belt in Three-River area of south-weatern China. Predecessors did a lot of work, but now there are some argument on its structural property and its evolution too. Volcanism is developed in Late Palaeozoic. there are important to study on volcanic rocks and its lithogeochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks for the causes and rift evolution. After we analysis of the results in previous work and actual survey Laochang volcanic rocks of the middle part, this dissertation summarized the structural setting of the volcanic rock with geochemical, coupled with petrology and isotope geochemistry.
By Changning-Menglian rift zone of volcanic rock, The major conlusions are summarized as follow:
Rock series:volcanic belong to alkaline basalt series and tholeiite series through the research of the volcanic distribution and rock series. It is the neutral basic----basic alkaline basalt series in prophase. Volcanism is strength, wide range. It's the main types in this area. The volcanic is basic tholeiite series in Advance. Volcanism is weakly, narrow range. Distribution in the region, there are less alkaline basalt series, and tholeiite series more from north to south.
Geochemistry:Changning-Menglian rift zone volcanic rocks, generally with SiO2, Al2O3, total alkali (K2O+Na2O) content generally low,TiO2,K2O,total iron content was high, rare earth elements, noneδEu,δCe exception, trace elements, Th high.
Different part of geochemistry:In the middle part, basalt high content TiO2, K2O, FeOFe2O3. Rare earth elements are not enriched. REE variation is not obvious. Large-ion lithophile elements are not enriched; By geochemical discrimination, this section of oceanic basalt ridge basalt, formed in the intercontinental rift. Lithologic characteristic of basaltic in the southern part is between the basalt of the middle part and tholeiite of the northern part. That are products of crystallization differentiation of cognate magma in evolution of the different stages in the rift.
Rift evolution:Changning-Menglian rift zone is the rift, witch formed in the Carboniferous, extruded in Early Triassic. It related with mantle plume. Accompanied by volcanism, the evolution process can be divided into four phases:intraplate continental rift(D-C1), stability(C2+3), intercontinental rift(C2+3-P1), extrusion(P).
The results from the volcanic rift of view.this text thinks:the infant oceanic crust only distribute in the northern part of Tongchang Street. It developed in narrow range. Evolution is in a short time. Therefore, the Changning-Menglian Rift should be continental rift with a part of the infant oceanic crust.
通过对昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩岩石化学研究,主要取得以下认识：
1、岩石系列：通过对岩石分布和岩石系列的划分,确认昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩以碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列为主。早期以中基性-基性碱性系列为主,火山岩喷发作用强,范围广,是该区的主要岩石类型；晚期火山岩以基性拉斑玄武岩系列为主,火山作用弱,范围窄。在区域分布上,由北向南,碱性玄武岩减少,拉斑玄武岩增多。
2、岩石地球化学特征：昌宁-孟连裂谷带火山岩总体上具SiO2、Al2O3、全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量普遍比较低,TiO2、K2O、全铁含量高；稀土元素中无Eu、Ce异常；微量元素中Th含量高。
3、裂谷带火山岩化学特征的分段差异：中段玄武岩TiO2、K2O含量高,FeO
4、裂谷形成演化：昌宁-孟连裂谷带为形成于石炭世,于早三叠世消亡的主动大陆裂谷,其形成与地幔柱有关。伴随着火山作用,其演化过程可分四期：裂谷扩张期(D-C1)、和缓稳定阶段(C2+3-P1)、局部洋盆化阶段(P)、挤压封闭阶段(T)。
从裂谷火山岩研究结果看,本文认为：洋壳化过程在空间上只出现在北段铜厂街,发育规模小,在时间上也仅是较短暂的过程。因此,昌宁-孟连裂谷应属部分地段具有洋壳化特征的大陆裂谷。
The Changning-menglian rift, which is a Late Palaeozoic Volcanic Zone, is an important polymertallic ore belt in Three-River area of south-weatern China. Predecessors did a lot of work, but now there are some argument on its structural property and its evolution too. Volcanism is developed in Late Palaeozoic. there are important to study on volcanic rocks and its lithogeochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks for the causes and rift evolution. After we analysis of the results in previous work and actual survey Laochang volcanic rocks of the middle part, this dissertation summarized the structural setting of the volcanic rock with geochemical, coupled with petrology and isotope geochemistry.
By Changning-Menglian rift zone of volcanic rock, The major conlusions are summarized as follow:
Rock series:volcanic belong to alkaline basalt series and tholeiite series through the research of the volcanic distribution and rock series. It is the neutral basic----basic alkaline basalt series in prophase. Volcanism is strength, wide range. It's the main types in this area. The volcanic is basic tholeiite series in Advance. Volcanism is weakly, narrow range. Distribution in the region, there are less alkaline basalt series, and tholeiite series more from north to south.
Geochemistry:Changning-Menglian rift zone volcanic rocks, generally with SiO2, Al2O3, total alkali (K2O+Na2O) content generally low,TiO2,K2O,total iron content was high, rare earth elements, noneδEu,δCe exception, trace elements, Th high.
Different part of geochemistry:In the middle part, basalt high content TiO2, K2O, FeO
Rift evolution:Changning-Menglian rift zone is the rift, witch formed in the Carboniferous, extruded in Early Triassic. It related with mantle plume. Accompanied by volcanism, the evolution process can be divided into four phases:intraplate continental rift(D-C1), stability(C2+3), intercontinental rift(C2+3-P1), extrusion(P).
The results from the volcanic rift of view.this text thinks:the infant oceanic crust only distribute in the northern part of Tongchang Street. It developed in narrow range. Evolution is in a short time. Therefore, the Changning-Menglian Rift should be continental rift with a part of the infant oceanic crust.
引文
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