开放式创新对珠三角IT企业新产品开发绩影响研究
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摘要
2003年,亨利·切撒布鲁夫率先提出了开放式创新理论,主张组织摆脱过去的封闭式模式,积极整合内部和外部的有效资源进行产品创新和新产品开发,切氏理论为企业的新产品开发提供了一套全新的研发模式,越来越受到人们的关注。另一方面,由于技术的进步,新产品开发,尤其是IT类新产品开发,逐步向知识高度密集型活动转变,其开发过程本身的复杂性,要求企业善于整合各方面资源。此外,伴随着金融危机的爆发,外部环境的瞬息万变对企业的影响日益凸显,很多企业的新产品创新都以失败而告终,因此,如何在外部环境急剧变化的环境下,提高企业新产品开发的绩效,成为了当前的研究热点。本文正是基于切式的开放式创新理论,通过总结前人关于新产品开发绩效、技术创新影响因素的研究,主要从企业的IT技术能力、技术创新文化与共享机制、产品的可扩展性、产业环境以及市场导向等多个维度,探讨它们对新产品开发绩效的影响。
本文研究主要分为三个主要部分:
(1)理论基础。本文主要在吸收总结前人关于开放式创新理论、新产品开发绩效等的研究,针对其中的不足提出了本文研究的主题。详细分析了珠三角IT企业的具体实情,并对IT技术发展趋势以及珠三角IT企业创新环境进行了分析,创新性地提出了适合于珠三角IT企业的开放式创新模型,即以华为、中兴等龙头企业为主导,其他中小企业依附于这些龙头企业,最终形成区域创新集群。
(2) .实证分析。本文首先提出了从IT技术能力、技术创新文化、产品的可扩展性、产业环境和市场导向等五个因子探讨它们对新产品开发绩效的影响。本文的研究将以珠三角地区的部分IT企业为调查对象,针对企业在产品开发过程中的开放式创新活动,进行问卷调研和深入访谈。本研究的调研分为两个阶段,第一阶段通过选取广州萝岗区的两家IT企业进行面对面的深入访谈,并在访谈的基础上对调研问卷进行了细微调整;第二个阶段选取了珠三角部分IT企业进行大面积的问卷发放,通过对回收的调研资料的分析整理,并以SPSS软件对收集的数据进行分析,采用因子分析对变量进行重组,重组后的技术创新文化更改为技术创新文化与共享机制。回归分析结果显示:这五个因子对新产品开发绩效均有正向显著影响,其中IT技术能力对新产品开发绩效的影响最为显著,其次为市场导向,其余的依次为产业环境,技术创新文化与共享机制以及产品的可扩展性。
(3)结论与政策建议。对本研究的主要成果进行总结,并对研究结果进行深入探讨,在本文研究成果的基础上,提出关于珠三角地区区域创新体系构建的若干意见。
In 2003, Henry Chesbrough firstly proposed the theory of open innovation, which became more and more popular from then on. He claimed that organizations should get rid of the traditional closed innovation and integrated the internal and external resources for product innovation and new product develop positively and effectively. His theory provides a new R&D model for NPD. For another way, because of technical improvement, NPD, especially for the IT products, is gradually changing into highly knowledge-intensive activity. The complexity of the activity itself requires good integration of all aspects of resources. However, with the outbreak of the financial crisis, the rapidly changing external environment has become increasingly prominent on the impact of enterprises, in addition, because of the complexity of the new products themselves, many product innovations are ended in failure. Therefore, how to improve the performance of new products in the rapidly changing external environment has become as the current research focus. The paper is conducting its research by summing up the previous research on the NPD performance and technological innovation influence factors. The paper explores the influence factors mainly from different dimensions such as IT technical skills, technology innovation culture and sharing mechanism, product scalability, industry environment and market-oriented.
This paper is divided into three main sections:
(1) Theory research. The paper absorbs the previous research of the theory of open innovation and NPD performance and proposes the research topic in the basic of the imperfection of the previous research. The paper analyzes the specific situation of the IT companies in the Pearl River Delta (short as PRD), the environment of the technical innovation, and then innovatively proposes an open innovation model, suitable for IT companies in PRD, which means the SMEs attaches to the leading enterprises such as Huawei, ZTE and so on, ultimately develops a regional innovation cluster.
(2) Empirical analysis. The paper explores the factors of NPD performance from different dimension such as IT technical skills, technology innovation culture and sharing mechanism, product scalability, industry environment and market-oriented. Taking some IT companies in PRD ad examples, we focus on their open innovation activities in the process of new product development, and take a questionnaire survey as well as in-depth interviews. The survey is divided into two phases: firstly, we choose two IT enterprises in Luogang of Guangzh to take a face-to-face interview, and carry out some minor adjustments according to the interview. Then we issue the questionnaire for a large number. The data collected will be processed and analyzed by SPSS software. We will reorganize the variables by factor analysis, after the reorganization, the factor-organizational innovational culture is replaced by technical innovation and sharing mechanism. Regression analysis showed that: all of the five factors have positive impact on the NPD performance, of which IT technical skills is the most significant. Followed by market-oriented., industry environment, technical innovation culture-sharing mechanism and product scalability.
(3) Conclusion. Summarize the main results of this paper, and analyze the results in-depth, and then propose several suggestions in constructing the regional innovation system of the Pearl River Delta.
本文研究主要分为三个主要部分:
(1)理论基础。本文主要在吸收总结前人关于开放式创新理论、新产品开发绩效等的研究,针对其中的不足提出了本文研究的主题。详细分析了珠三角IT企业的具体实情,并对IT技术发展趋势以及珠三角IT企业创新环境进行了分析,创新性地提出了适合于珠三角IT企业的开放式创新模型,即以华为、中兴等龙头企业为主导,其他中小企业依附于这些龙头企业,最终形成区域创新集群。
(2) .实证分析。本文首先提出了从IT技术能力、技术创新文化、产品的可扩展性、产业环境和市场导向等五个因子探讨它们对新产品开发绩效的影响。本文的研究将以珠三角地区的部分IT企业为调查对象,针对企业在产品开发过程中的开放式创新活动,进行问卷调研和深入访谈。本研究的调研分为两个阶段,第一阶段通过选取广州萝岗区的两家IT企业进行面对面的深入访谈,并在访谈的基础上对调研问卷进行了细微调整;第二个阶段选取了珠三角部分IT企业进行大面积的问卷发放,通过对回收的调研资料的分析整理,并以SPSS软件对收集的数据进行分析,采用因子分析对变量进行重组,重组后的技术创新文化更改为技术创新文化与共享机制。回归分析结果显示:这五个因子对新产品开发绩效均有正向显著影响,其中IT技术能力对新产品开发绩效的影响最为显著,其次为市场导向,其余的依次为产业环境,技术创新文化与共享机制以及产品的可扩展性。
(3)结论与政策建议。对本研究的主要成果进行总结,并对研究结果进行深入探讨,在本文研究成果的基础上,提出关于珠三角地区区域创新体系构建的若干意见。
In 2003, Henry Chesbrough firstly proposed the theory of open innovation, which became more and more popular from then on. He claimed that organizations should get rid of the traditional closed innovation and integrated the internal and external resources for product innovation and new product develop positively and effectively. His theory provides a new R&D model for NPD. For another way, because of technical improvement, NPD, especially for the IT products, is gradually changing into highly knowledge-intensive activity. The complexity of the activity itself requires good integration of all aspects of resources. However, with the outbreak of the financial crisis, the rapidly changing external environment has become increasingly prominent on the impact of enterprises, in addition, because of the complexity of the new products themselves, many product innovations are ended in failure. Therefore, how to improve the performance of new products in the rapidly changing external environment has become as the current research focus. The paper is conducting its research by summing up the previous research on the NPD performance and technological innovation influence factors. The paper explores the influence factors mainly from different dimensions such as IT technical skills, technology innovation culture and sharing mechanism, product scalability, industry environment and market-oriented.
This paper is divided into three main sections:
(1) Theory research. The paper absorbs the previous research of the theory of open innovation and NPD performance and proposes the research topic in the basic of the imperfection of the previous research. The paper analyzes the specific situation of the IT companies in the Pearl River Delta (short as PRD), the environment of the technical innovation, and then innovatively proposes an open innovation model, suitable for IT companies in PRD, which means the SMEs attaches to the leading enterprises such as Huawei, ZTE and so on, ultimately develops a regional innovation cluster.
(2) Empirical analysis. The paper explores the factors of NPD performance from different dimension such as IT technical skills, technology innovation culture and sharing mechanism, product scalability, industry environment and market-oriented. Taking some IT companies in PRD ad examples, we focus on their open innovation activities in the process of new product development, and take a questionnaire survey as well as in-depth interviews. The survey is divided into two phases: firstly, we choose two IT enterprises in Luogang of Guangzh to take a face-to-face interview, and carry out some minor adjustments according to the interview. Then we issue the questionnaire for a large number. The data collected will be processed and analyzed by SPSS software. We will reorganize the variables by factor analysis, after the reorganization, the factor-organizational innovational culture is replaced by technical innovation and sharing mechanism. Regression analysis showed that: all of the five factors have positive impact on the NPD performance, of which IT technical skills is the most significant. Followed by market-oriented., industry environment, technical innovation culture-sharing mechanism and product scalability.
(3) Conclusion. Summarize the main results of this paper, and analyze the results in-depth, and then propose several suggestions in constructing the regional innovation system of the Pearl River Delta.
引文
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[2]亨利·切萨布鲁夫.开放式创新—进行技术创新并从中盈利的新规则[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,7
[3] Gassmann O. Opening up the innovation process: towards an agenda [J]. R&D Management, 2006, 36: 223-228.
[4] Darrell. Rigby, Chris Zook. Open-Market Innovation[J]. Harvard Business Review, October 2005: P80-89.
[5] Chesbrough. H. Why companies should have open business model [J]. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2007, 48: 22-28.
[6] Hippel, V.E. The sources of innovation [M], New York: Oxford University Press, 1988
[7]张震宇,陈劲.基于开放式创新模式的企业创新资源构成、特征及其管理[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2008,(11):61-65.
[8]陈劲,陈钰芬.开放创新体系与企业技术创新资源配置[J].科研管理, 2006(03):1-8.
[9] Lichtenthalter U. Open innovation in practice: an analysis of strategic approaches to technology transactions [J]. ieee transactions on engineering management, 2008(55), PP 148-157.
[10]陈钰芬,陈劲.开放度对企业技术创新绩效的影响[J].科学学研究, 2008, 26(2):419-426.
[11]韩霞,白雪.基于开放式创新战略的企业研发模式分析[J].中国科技论坛, 2009(1): 64-67.
[12] Cooper, R, G. & Kleinschmidt, E. J. What makes a new product a winner: success factors at the project level [J]. R&D Management, 1987, 17(3), 175-189
[13] Cooper, R. G.. & Kleinschmidt, E. J. New product performance: keys to success, profitability& cycle time reduction [J]. Journal of Marketing Management, 1998,24: 315-337
[14] Bharadwaj, S. & Menon, A. Making Innovation Happen in Organization: Individual Creativity Mechanisms, Organization Creativity Mechanisms or both? [J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2000,17, PP 424-434.
[15]吴家喜,吴贵生.组织整合与新产品开发绩效关系实证研究:基于吸收能力的视角[J].科学学研究, 2009(08):1220-1227. [16 Balachandra, R. & Friar, J. H. Factors for success in R&D projects and new product innovation: A context framework [J]. IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 1997, 17(3): 259-281.
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