地铁车站深基坑监测与数值模拟分析
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摘要
随着高层建筑和地铁建设的大量涌现,深基坑工程逐渐增多,但也发生了不少的重大工程事故,并造成人员伤亡和对周围环境的破坏。因此,研究深基坑开挖过程的变形规律,可以减少和避免类似的工程事故发生。本文以某地铁车站深基坑工程为研究对象,运用理论分析、现场监测及数值模拟分析相结合的方法,研究深基坑周围土体压力的分布以及支护的变形规律,本文主要研究成果为:
1.通过对地铁车站基坑监测数据的分析与整理,研究黄土地区深基坑的土压力变化规律,其中包括土压力与时间,土压力和位移之间的关系。研究发现:土压力在初期随墙体位移的变化而变化,当支护结构稳定后,随时间的增长土压力逐渐趋向于静止土压力,土压力变化与位移为非线性关系。
2.结合基坑变形理论和现场监测的数据,研究深基坑开挖过程中基坑降水、墙体位移及支撑轴力的变化规律。从分析结果可知:地下连续墙在基坑开挖过程中,有效的阻止了水位的上升,支撑和地下连续墙对基坑的稳定性发挥了较好的效果。
3.运用有限元软件PLAXIS对深基坑开挖过程中四个工况进行模拟,就墙体的位移和变形进行研究。由于墙体的入土埋深较大,墙体从墙底向上的水平位移呈指数函数递增,通过与实际监测结果比较,两者的变化规律基本一致。
4.使用理正深基坑设计软件,对基坑地下连续墙的入土埋深、支撑材料、支撑的水平间距、预应力的施加以及地面超载对基坑的影响进行了对比分析。从计算结果可知,墙体的入土埋深、支撑材料、支撑的水平间距、预应力施加这几个影响因素,若在一定范围内取值能够就有效地抑制基坑土层的侧移,地下连续墙和土体的侧向位移会随着地面超载的增大而增大,所以在施工过程中应尽量避免在基坑周围堆放弃土或其它器械。
With the proliferation of high-rise building and subway construction, deep Foundation pit engineering gradually increased, but a lot of major accidents has happened and leaded to casualties and the destruction of the surrounding environment. Therefore, study on deformation of deep Foundation pit excavation process that can reduce and avoid a similar accident occurred. This article use a metro station deep pit engineering for research object, and utilize application theory analysis, site monitoring and the numerical simulation analysis phase combination of method to research the distribution of deep pit around soil body pressure and the deformation law of support nursing. This article’s main the conclusions of research are as listed below:
1. Through analyzing and finishing the data of Metro station pit monitoring, to research soil pressure deformation law in loess deep pit , which including the relationship between soil pressure and time, it also contain the relation of soil pressure and displacement. The conclusion shows that soil pressure changes with the changes of wall displacement at an early stage, when after the supporting structure stability, growth of earth pressure gradually over time tend to be of earth pressure at last. The relation between Earth pressure and displacement is nonlinear.
2. Combination of Foundation pit deformation theory and field monitoring data of, to research dewatering of Foundation pit, variation of wall displacement and supporting Axis forces in the deep Foundation pit excavation`s process, From the analysis results: cast in site diaphragm wall played a important role to Block in Foundation pit water level rise, and be with support contain the stability of Foundation pit well too.
3. Simulated the four process in excavation of deep Foundation pit by finite element software PLAXIS, mainly research on displacement and deformation of the diaphragm wall. For large buried deep into the surface of the diaphragm wall, up from the end of the wall’s horizontal displacement assume exponential growth trend. By comparing the results with actual monitoring, both changes are basically the same.
4. Use Li Zhen software for design of deep Foundation pit, to find the law how factor held up deep foundation becoming deformed, which include Foundation pit soil depth, horizontal distant of support, support materials, prestressing force of supporting imposed. From the results view, the depth into earth of the diaphragm wall, horizontal distant of support, support materials, prestressing force of supporting imposed exert some influence factors, if those factor’s values in a specific range to effectively inhibit lateral displacement of Foundation pit soil, or those value beyond the scope of design, adversely affect will happened in the process of Foundation pit excavation. Lateral displacement of diaphragm wall and soil will increase as ground overload increases, so it’s necessary to avoided putting a pile of abandoned soil or other devices in the construction process in around the Foundation.
1.通过对地铁车站基坑监测数据的分析与整理,研究黄土地区深基坑的土压力变化规律,其中包括土压力与时间,土压力和位移之间的关系。研究发现:土压力在初期随墙体位移的变化而变化,当支护结构稳定后,随时间的增长土压力逐渐趋向于静止土压力,土压力变化与位移为非线性关系。
2.结合基坑变形理论和现场监测的数据,研究深基坑开挖过程中基坑降水、墙体位移及支撑轴力的变化规律。从分析结果可知:地下连续墙在基坑开挖过程中,有效的阻止了水位的上升,支撑和地下连续墙对基坑的稳定性发挥了较好的效果。
3.运用有限元软件PLAXIS对深基坑开挖过程中四个工况进行模拟,就墙体的位移和变形进行研究。由于墙体的入土埋深较大,墙体从墙底向上的水平位移呈指数函数递增,通过与实际监测结果比较,两者的变化规律基本一致。
4.使用理正深基坑设计软件,对基坑地下连续墙的入土埋深、支撑材料、支撑的水平间距、预应力的施加以及地面超载对基坑的影响进行了对比分析。从计算结果可知,墙体的入土埋深、支撑材料、支撑的水平间距、预应力施加这几个影响因素,若在一定范围内取值能够就有效地抑制基坑土层的侧移,地下连续墙和土体的侧向位移会随着地面超载的增大而增大,所以在施工过程中应尽量避免在基坑周围堆放弃土或其它器械。
With the proliferation of high-rise building and subway construction, deep Foundation pit engineering gradually increased, but a lot of major accidents has happened and leaded to casualties and the destruction of the surrounding environment. Therefore, study on deformation of deep Foundation pit excavation process that can reduce and avoid a similar accident occurred. This article use a metro station deep pit engineering for research object, and utilize application theory analysis, site monitoring and the numerical simulation analysis phase combination of method to research the distribution of deep pit around soil body pressure and the deformation law of support nursing. This article’s main the conclusions of research are as listed below:
1. Through analyzing and finishing the data of Metro station pit monitoring, to research soil pressure deformation law in loess deep pit , which including the relationship between soil pressure and time, it also contain the relation of soil pressure and displacement. The conclusion shows that soil pressure changes with the changes of wall displacement at an early stage, when after the supporting structure stability, growth of earth pressure gradually over time tend to be of earth pressure at last. The relation between Earth pressure and displacement is nonlinear.
2. Combination of Foundation pit deformation theory and field monitoring data of, to research dewatering of Foundation pit, variation of wall displacement and supporting Axis forces in the deep Foundation pit excavation`s process, From the analysis results: cast in site diaphragm wall played a important role to Block in Foundation pit water level rise, and be with support contain the stability of Foundation pit well too.
3. Simulated the four process in excavation of deep Foundation pit by finite element software PLAXIS, mainly research on displacement and deformation of the diaphragm wall. For large buried deep into the surface of the diaphragm wall, up from the end of the wall’s horizontal displacement assume exponential growth trend. By comparing the results with actual monitoring, both changes are basically the same.
4. Use Li Zhen software for design of deep Foundation pit, to find the law how factor held up deep foundation becoming deformed, which include Foundation pit soil depth, horizontal distant of support, support materials, prestressing force of supporting imposed. From the results view, the depth into earth of the diaphragm wall, horizontal distant of support, support materials, prestressing force of supporting imposed exert some influence factors, if those factor’s values in a specific range to effectively inhibit lateral displacement of Foundation pit soil, or those value beyond the scope of design, adversely affect will happened in the process of Foundation pit excavation. Lateral displacement of diaphragm wall and soil will increase as ground overload increases, so it’s necessary to avoided putting a pile of abandoned soil or other devices in the construction process in around the Foundation.
引文
[1]梅国雄,宰金珉,徐建.考虑变形与时间效应的土压力计算方法研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2001年(增刊):1079-1082.
[2]程琪,刘国彬,张伟立.上海地区地铁超深基坑及深基坑变形有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009年12月增刊2:1497~1502.
[3] A.A穆斯塔伐耶夫.湿陷性黄土地基与基础的计算[M].北京,水利水电出版社,1984.
[4]李永辉.黄土深基坑施工监测分析与数值模拟[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[5]刘成宇.土力学[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000.
[6]赵志缙,应惠清.简明深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[7]揭冠周,介玉新,李广信,伍彦峰,李岳军.墙后填土有超载情况下朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较分析[J].岩土工程技术,2001(3),130.
[8]彭宇.地铁车站深基坑支护体系设计研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.
[9]秦杏春.地铁车站深基坑稳定性现场监测及数值模拟研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2007.
[10]冯志,李兆平,李祎.多变量灰色系统预测模型在深基坑围护结构变形预测中的应用[J] .岩土力学与工程学报,2007年12月(增刊2):4319-4324.
[11]杨光华.深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社, 2004.
[12]华东水利学院土力学教研室编.土工原理与计算(上册)[M].北京:水利出版社1980.
[13]宋飞,张建民.考虑挡墙位移效应的被动侧土压力计算方法[J].岩土力学, 2011年1月(Vol.32 No.1):151-157
[14] MATSUO M,KENMOCHI S,YAGI H. Experimental study on earth pressure of retaining wall by field tests[J] .Soils and Foundations,1978,18(3):27-41.
[15]徐日庆.考虑位移和时间的土压力计算方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2000,34(4):370-374.
[16]梅国雄,宰金珉,徐建.考虑变形与时间效应的土压力计算方法研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2001年(增刊):1079-1082.
[17]孙国彬,侯学渊.基础工程手册[M].中国建筑科学出版社,2005.
[18] Andrew J. Wand Yusuf M.A. Analysis of Deep Excavation in Boston [J]. Journal of Engineering, 1993, V01.119, No.1:69~89.
[19]应宏伟等.软土深基坑开挖的有限元分析[J].建筑结构学报,1999(8):59~64
[20]韩云乔,陶茂之.南京地区深基坑开挖变形的探讨[J].建筑结构,1996,(4) :20-24.
[21]徐彪,刘佳.对深基坑坑底隆起问题的探讨[J].广西工学院学报,2004,V01. No.15:66~68.
[22]王卫东,王建华.深基坑支护结构与主体结构相结合的设计、分析与实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[23]岩土工程勘察规范(GB 50021-2001)
[24]基坑工程技术规程(DB42/159-2004)
[25]周淦,曹镛禄,冯玉山.金茂大厦基坑开挖施工监测[J].岩土工程技术,1993(3): 57-62.
[26]孙均,侯学渊.地下结构(下册)第七章.地下连续墙[M].科学出版社,1988.
[27]王建华,徐中华,陈锦剑,王卫东.上海软土地区深基坑连续墙的变形特性浅析[J].地下空间与工程学报.2005.
[28]李云安,葛修润,张鸿昌.深基坑工程变形控制与有限元数值模拟分析[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(5):26-29.
[29]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[30] O.C.Zienkiewic, The Finite Element Method,McGraw-Hiee,1977.
[31] R.B.J.Rrinkgreve,W.Broere.PLAXIS参考手册[M].荷兰:代尔夫特科技大学PLAXIS公司.
[32]王江宏,王春波,卢广宁.PLAXIS在深基坑开挖与支护数值模拟中的应用[J].山西建筑,2007,33(35):94-95.
[33]付先进,林作忠.基于PLAXIS的超深基坑开挖弹塑性有限元数值计算与分析[J].中国水运,2010,10(4):190-192.
[34]张如林,徐奴文.基于PLAXIS的深基坑支护设计的数值模拟[J].结构工程师,2010,26(2):131-136.
[35] Peck R B. Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground[C]//Proceedings of the 7th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering. MéxicoCity State-of-the-Art-Volume,1969:225～290.
[36] Long M.Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations [J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, 2001,127(3) :203-224.
[37]郑官塘.福州地区内撑式地下连续墙基坑支护的应用研究与实践[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[38]从蔼森.地下连续墙的设计施工与应用[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2001
[39]何世秀,吴刚刚,朱志政等.深基坑支护设计影响因素的有限元分析[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2005,Vol.24(增刊2): 5478-5484.
[40]屈建军,田培先.理正软件在深基坑设计中的应用探讨[J].山西建筑,2008, Vol.34 No.13:131-132.
[41]杨光华,陆培炎.深基坑开挖中的多撑或多锚式地下连续墙的增量计算法[J].建筑结构,1994(8).
[42]高涛,刘永勤,王伟,刘会林.地铁车站深基坑围护结构变形及内力影响因素研究[J].工程勘察,2010, (增刊1) :223-230.
[43]赵红鹰.深基坑开挖过程的弹塑性数值模拟[J].山西建筑,2005,31(12): 67~68.
[44]金雪莲,樊有维,李春忠,刘芝平.带撑式基坑支护结构变形影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,Vol.26(增1):3242-3249.
[45]应宏伟,郭跃.软土深基坑分段施工效应三维有限元分析[J] .岩石力学工程学报,2008,Vol.27(增刊2):3328-3334.
[46]陈晓平,闫军.深基坑支护结构的三维杆系有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2001, Vol.22(3):258–261.
[2]程琪,刘国彬,张伟立.上海地区地铁超深基坑及深基坑变形有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009年12月增刊2:1497~1502.
[3] A.A穆斯塔伐耶夫.湿陷性黄土地基与基础的计算[M].北京,水利水电出版社,1984.
[4]李永辉.黄土深基坑施工监测分析与数值模拟[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[5]刘成宇.土力学[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000.
[6]赵志缙,应惠清.简明深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[7]揭冠周,介玉新,李广信,伍彦峰,李岳军.墙后填土有超载情况下朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较分析[J].岩土工程技术,2001(3),130.
[8]彭宇.地铁车站深基坑支护体系设计研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.
[9]秦杏春.地铁车站深基坑稳定性现场监测及数值模拟研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2007.
[10]冯志,李兆平,李祎.多变量灰色系统预测模型在深基坑围护结构变形预测中的应用[J] .岩土力学与工程学报,2007年12月(增刊2):4319-4324.
[11]杨光华.深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社, 2004.
[12]华东水利学院土力学教研室编.土工原理与计算(上册)[M].北京:水利出版社1980.
[13]宋飞,张建民.考虑挡墙位移效应的被动侧土压力计算方法[J].岩土力学, 2011年1月(Vol.32 No.1):151-157
[14] MATSUO M,KENMOCHI S,YAGI H. Experimental study on earth pressure of retaining wall by field tests[J] .Soils and Foundations,1978,18(3):27-41.
[15]徐日庆.考虑位移和时间的土压力计算方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2000,34(4):370-374.
[16]梅国雄,宰金珉,徐建.考虑变形与时间效应的土压力计算方法研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2001年(增刊):1079-1082.
[17]孙国彬,侯学渊.基础工程手册[M].中国建筑科学出版社,2005.
[18] Andrew J. Wand Yusuf M.A. Analysis of Deep Excavation in Boston [J]. Journal of Engineering, 1993, V01.119, No.1:69~89.
[19]应宏伟等.软土深基坑开挖的有限元分析[J].建筑结构学报,1999(8):59~64
[20]韩云乔,陶茂之.南京地区深基坑开挖变形的探讨[J].建筑结构,1996,(4) :20-24.
[21]徐彪,刘佳.对深基坑坑底隆起问题的探讨[J].广西工学院学报,2004,V01. No.15:66~68.
[22]王卫东,王建华.深基坑支护结构与主体结构相结合的设计、分析与实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[23]岩土工程勘察规范(GB 50021-2001)
[24]基坑工程技术规程(DB42/159-2004)
[25]周淦,曹镛禄,冯玉山.金茂大厦基坑开挖施工监测[J].岩土工程技术,1993(3): 57-62.
[26]孙均,侯学渊.地下结构(下册)第七章.地下连续墙[M].科学出版社,1988.
[27]王建华,徐中华,陈锦剑,王卫东.上海软土地区深基坑连续墙的变形特性浅析[J].地下空间与工程学报.2005.
[28]李云安,葛修润,张鸿昌.深基坑工程变形控制与有限元数值模拟分析[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(5):26-29.
[29]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[30] O.C.Zienkiewic, The Finite Element Method,McGraw-Hiee,1977.
[31] R.B.J.Rrinkgreve,W.Broere.PLAXIS参考手册[M].荷兰:代尔夫特科技大学PLAXIS公司.
[32]王江宏,王春波,卢广宁.PLAXIS在深基坑开挖与支护数值模拟中的应用[J].山西建筑,2007,33(35):94-95.
[33]付先进,林作忠.基于PLAXIS的超深基坑开挖弹塑性有限元数值计算与分析[J].中国水运,2010,10(4):190-192.
[34]张如林,徐奴文.基于PLAXIS的深基坑支护设计的数值模拟[J].结构工程师,2010,26(2):131-136.
[35] Peck R B. Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground[C]//Proceedings of the 7th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering. MéxicoCity State-of-the-Art-Volume,1969:225～290.
[36] Long M.Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations [J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, 2001,127(3) :203-224.
[37]郑官塘.福州地区内撑式地下连续墙基坑支护的应用研究与实践[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[38]从蔼森.地下连续墙的设计施工与应用[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2001
[39]何世秀,吴刚刚,朱志政等.深基坑支护设计影响因素的有限元分析[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2005,Vol.24(增刊2): 5478-5484.
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