生土结构农房抗震试验研究
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摘要
生土建筑贴近自然,融于自然,在我国具有悠久的历史。当前,在我国西部广大贫困农村地区,生土建筑仍然是农村居住用房的主要结构形式之一。生土农房虽然保温节能,居住舒适,但由于材料强度低、结构松散,房屋抗震安全性能较差,往往在中强地震时即发生粉碎性倒塌。如何扬长避短,通过材料、构造措施、施工工艺等方面的改良,提升其抗震安全性能,是论文研究的重点。
本文在实地调研的基础上,结合新疆抗震安居工程建设和一些灾后重建项目,针对如何提升生土农房的抗震安全性能,进行了以下方面的研究与探索:
(1)对试验所用到的材料土坯、灰膏进行了基本力学性能试验;设计了两种新型土坯墙房屋结构形式:整体木构架-土坯墙结构、新型灰膏-土坯墙结构,并分别按照一定缩尺制作模型,通过模型振动台试验,考察了这两种结构形式房屋在不同地震烈度下的地震反应及结构的破坏特征。
(2)从模型试验数据、破坏特征来看,整体木构架-土坯墙结构中整体木构件与土坯墙的共同工作,新型灰膏-土坯墙结构中木柱与水泥砂浆配筋带的协调工作(灰缝使用了改良材料:灰膏),使得这两种模型结构在8度中震作用下都保持了良好的整体性,结构未倒塌。
(3)本文结合课题组的一些实际援建工程、灾后重建项目,对生土结构农房抗震设计提出了一些对策。
本文是对传统生土结构农房的适宜性改良,包括结构的创新、构造措施的改进、材料的改良,这些对传统生土结构农房抗震性能提高很大,可以在我国贫困地区农房建设中加以应用;同时对我国生土结构农房的研究具有一定的参考价值。
Earth building,which commune with nature,has a long history in China.Currently, earth building is always one of main structure types of rural housing in vast impoverished rural areas of China. Although earth building has good capability of heat preservation and heat insulation and comfortable living, it’s earthquake-resistance behavior is low due to the low strength and loose structure of material, so the earth buildings collapse smashing in intermediate and large earthquake frequently.The focal point of this paper is how to enhance the earthquake-resistance behavior of earth building by improving the material, structuring measures, construction technology.
On the base of field research,according to the XinJiang comfortable housing Project and some post-disaster reconstruction project,aiming at enhancing the earthquake-resistance behavior of earth building, the main results of this paper summarized as follows:
(1)Developed two kinds of new structure forms of the earthbuilding which Wooden Framework of Mud Walls and new grout adobe walls structure are included. Making the mode first in the light of certain scale respectively, then gained the react to earthquakes and the rupture character of the two kinds of structure under the different intensities through the table-test.
(2)According to the data and destructive features from the test, we found that wooden member have a cooperative work with adobe wall in the structure of the Wooden Framework of Mud Walls; While the cooperative work existing between wooden column and Cement mortar reinforcement belt in the new gypsum-adobe wall dwellings because of the strengthen effect from the emplaster. All these made the model of these two kinds kept a well integrity and did’t collapse until the very end of the test which imitated the 8 degrees earthquake, it fully demonstrated that these two kinds of structure are satisfied the requirement of seismic fortification.
(3)In addition based on the project in post-disaster reconstruction the paper put forward some suggestions on the aseismatic design of the earthbuilding.
This paper is study on the improvement to the suitability of the earthbuilding, mainly include these aspects as follows: the innovation on the form of the structure; the improvement to details of seismic design; material improvement, all these have a great help to the improvement of the earthquake resistant behaviour of the earthbuilding and can widely use in the house construction in the poor areas. Meanwhile it has a certain reference value on the study of the research of rural building in poor areas.
本文在实地调研的基础上,结合新疆抗震安居工程建设和一些灾后重建项目,针对如何提升生土农房的抗震安全性能,进行了以下方面的研究与探索:
(1)对试验所用到的材料土坯、灰膏进行了基本力学性能试验;设计了两种新型土坯墙房屋结构形式:整体木构架-土坯墙结构、新型灰膏-土坯墙结构,并分别按照一定缩尺制作模型,通过模型振动台试验,考察了这两种结构形式房屋在不同地震烈度下的地震反应及结构的破坏特征。
(2)从模型试验数据、破坏特征来看,整体木构架-土坯墙结构中整体木构件与土坯墙的共同工作,新型灰膏-土坯墙结构中木柱与水泥砂浆配筋带的协调工作(灰缝使用了改良材料:灰膏),使得这两种模型结构在8度中震作用下都保持了良好的整体性,结构未倒塌。
(3)本文结合课题组的一些实际援建工程、灾后重建项目,对生土结构农房抗震设计提出了一些对策。
本文是对传统生土结构农房的适宜性改良,包括结构的创新、构造措施的改进、材料的改良,这些对传统生土结构农房抗震性能提高很大,可以在我国贫困地区农房建设中加以应用;同时对我国生土结构农房的研究具有一定的参考价值。
Earth building,which commune with nature,has a long history in China.Currently, earth building is always one of main structure types of rural housing in vast impoverished rural areas of China. Although earth building has good capability of heat preservation and heat insulation and comfortable living, it’s earthquake-resistance behavior is low due to the low strength and loose structure of material, so the earth buildings collapse smashing in intermediate and large earthquake frequently.The focal point of this paper is how to enhance the earthquake-resistance behavior of earth building by improving the material, structuring measures, construction technology.
On the base of field research,according to the XinJiang comfortable housing Project and some post-disaster reconstruction project,aiming at enhancing the earthquake-resistance behavior of earth building, the main results of this paper summarized as follows:
(1)Developed two kinds of new structure forms of the earthbuilding which Wooden Framework of Mud Walls and new grout adobe walls structure are included. Making the mode first in the light of certain scale respectively, then gained the react to earthquakes and the rupture character of the two kinds of structure under the different intensities through the table-test.
(2)According to the data and destructive features from the test, we found that wooden member have a cooperative work with adobe wall in the structure of the Wooden Framework of Mud Walls; While the cooperative work existing between wooden column and Cement mortar reinforcement belt in the new gypsum-adobe wall dwellings because of the strengthen effect from the emplaster. All these made the model of these two kinds kept a well integrity and did’t collapse until the very end of the test which imitated the 8 degrees earthquake, it fully demonstrated that these two kinds of structure are satisfied the requirement of seismic fortification.
(3)In addition based on the project in post-disaster reconstruction the paper put forward some suggestions on the aseismatic design of the earthbuilding.
This paper is study on the improvement to the suitability of the earthbuilding, mainly include these aspects as follows: the innovation on the form of the structure; the improvement to details of seismic design; material improvement, all these have a great help to the improvement of the earthquake resistant behaviour of the earthbuilding and can widely use in the house construction in the poor areas. Meanwhile it has a certain reference value on the study of the research of rural building in poor areas.
引文
[1]王军,吕东军.走向生土建筑的未来.西安建筑科技大学学报,2001年6月第33卷第2期147-149
[2]杨华.灾后重建背景下夯土墙结构民居抗震试验研究与示范[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.
[3]周铁钢,穆钧,杨华.抗震夯土民居在灾后重建中的应用于实践.世界地震工程,2010年9月,第26卷,第3期145-150
[4]李文浩.传统民居聚落与新农村生态化建设_以新疆生土民居为例.大众文艺197-198
[5]胡昕.新疆农村新型土坯墙房屋抗震性能试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.
[6] J.Mat.Structural Capacity of Rammed Earth in Compression.Civ. Engrg,Volume 20,Issue 3,pp.230-238(March 2008)
[7] D. R. Phatak and Shashank Sinha. Technique for Using Fine-Grained Soil in Reinforced Earth. J. Geotech. Engrg. Volume 118, Issue 12, pp. 2009-2009 (December 1992)
[8] Norton,J. Building With Earth. IT Publications, 1986
[9] Heiner Lippe. Learning to build with earth material and craftsmanship, terra2000, 158-160
[10]吴良镛.乡土建筑的现代化,现代建筑的地区化—在中国新建筑的探索道路上.建筑论坛,1998,Vol1.16 No1 1-4
[11]周铁钢,王庆霖,胡昕.新疆砖木结构民居抗震试验研究与对策分析.世界地震工程,2008年12月,第24卷,第4期120-124
[12]周铁钢,杨华,胡昕.石膏-土坯墙民居抗震性能试验研究.世界地震工程,2009年9月,第25卷,第3期130-134
[13]葛学礼,朱立新.镇(乡)村镇建筑技术规程编制要点.灾后重建,74-75
[14]郑山锁.动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系.工业建筑,2000年第30卷第3期35-39
[15]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法.抗震与抗风,2003年3卷30-38
[16]吴英,王社良,于海波.新疆木构架土坯墙结构房屋的模型抗震试验.建筑与工程,2008年第26期104-105
[17]周铁钢,胡昕,余长霞.新疆石膏—土坯墙民居抗震试验与工程实践.地震学报,2008年5月第30卷第3期315-320
[18]张小平,陈平,赵冬,周铁钢.新疆喀什地区新型石木结构房屋的模型抗震试验.西北地震学报,2008年3月第30卷第1期42-45
[19]胡听,周铁钢,余长霞.石膏—土坯墙民居试验研究与工程实践.结构应用,第72-75页
[20]于文,葛学礼,朱立新.新疆喀什老城区生土房屋模型振动台试验研究.工程抗震与加固改造,2007年6月第29卷第3期24-29
[21]周燕.砖木结构1/4模型振动台试验与理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[22]郑山锁,王沛钦,曾磊,王斌,郑捷,李磊.土木混合承重农房抗震性能初探.工业建筑,2008年第38卷第3期48-51
[23]宋治国,赵会敏,刘启强.农用生土房屋抗震性能探讨.山西建筑.2009年4月,第35卷第12期77-78
[24]王毅红,苏东君,刘伯权,池家祥,刘挺.生土结构房屋的承重夯土墙体抗震性能试验研究.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007年8月,第39卷,第4期451-456
[25]阿肯江·托呼提,亓国庆,陈汉清.新疆南疆地区传统土坯房屋震害及抗震技术措施.工程抗震与加固改造,2008年2月第30卷第1期82-86
[26]姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验[M].同济大学出版社,2004
[27]姚谦峰,陈平.土木工程结构试验[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[28]段兵廷.土木工程专业英语(第2版).武汉理工大学出版社,2003年
[29]丰定国,王社良.抗震结构设计[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2005
[30]华南理工大学,浙江大学,湖南大学.基础工程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[31]王赟,张波.生土建筑在灾后重建中的应用研究.世界地震工程,2009年9月,第25卷,第3期159-161
[32]尚建丽,刘加平.生态建材与可持续发展.长安大学学报,2003,11第23卷第6期71-74
[2]杨华.灾后重建背景下夯土墙结构民居抗震试验研究与示范[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.
[3]周铁钢,穆钧,杨华.抗震夯土民居在灾后重建中的应用于实践.世界地震工程,2010年9月,第26卷,第3期145-150
[4]李文浩.传统民居聚落与新农村生态化建设_以新疆生土民居为例.大众文艺197-198
[5]胡昕.新疆农村新型土坯墙房屋抗震性能试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009.
[6] J.Mat.Structural Capacity of Rammed Earth in Compression.Civ. Engrg,Volume 20,Issue 3,pp.230-238(March 2008)
[7] D. R. Phatak and Shashank Sinha. Technique for Using Fine-Grained Soil in Reinforced Earth. J. Geotech. Engrg. Volume 118, Issue 12, pp. 2009-2009 (December 1992)
[8] Norton,J. Building With Earth. IT Publications, 1986
[9] Heiner Lippe. Learning to build with earth material and craftsmanship, terra2000, 158-160
[10]吴良镛.乡土建筑的现代化,现代建筑的地区化—在中国新建筑的探索道路上.建筑论坛,1998,Vol1.16 No1 1-4
[11]周铁钢,王庆霖,胡昕.新疆砖木结构民居抗震试验研究与对策分析.世界地震工程,2008年12月,第24卷,第4期120-124
[12]周铁钢,杨华,胡昕.石膏-土坯墙民居抗震性能试验研究.世界地震工程,2009年9月,第25卷,第3期130-134
[13]葛学礼,朱立新.镇(乡)村镇建筑技术规程编制要点.灾后重建,74-75
[14]郑山锁.动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系.工业建筑,2000年第30卷第3期35-39
[15]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法.抗震与抗风,2003年3卷30-38
[16]吴英,王社良,于海波.新疆木构架土坯墙结构房屋的模型抗震试验.建筑与工程,2008年第26期104-105
[17]周铁钢,胡昕,余长霞.新疆石膏—土坯墙民居抗震试验与工程实践.地震学报,2008年5月第30卷第3期315-320
[18]张小平,陈平,赵冬,周铁钢.新疆喀什地区新型石木结构房屋的模型抗震试验.西北地震学报,2008年3月第30卷第1期42-45
[19]胡听,周铁钢,余长霞.石膏—土坯墙民居试验研究与工程实践.结构应用,第72-75页
[20]于文,葛学礼,朱立新.新疆喀什老城区生土房屋模型振动台试验研究.工程抗震与加固改造,2007年6月第29卷第3期24-29
[21]周燕.砖木结构1/4模型振动台试验与理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[22]郑山锁,王沛钦,曾磊,王斌,郑捷,李磊.土木混合承重农房抗震性能初探.工业建筑,2008年第38卷第3期48-51
[23]宋治国,赵会敏,刘启强.农用生土房屋抗震性能探讨.山西建筑.2009年4月,第35卷第12期77-78
[24]王毅红,苏东君,刘伯权,池家祥,刘挺.生土结构房屋的承重夯土墙体抗震性能试验研究.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007年8月,第39卷,第4期451-456
[25]阿肯江·托呼提,亓国庆,陈汉清.新疆南疆地区传统土坯房屋震害及抗震技术措施.工程抗震与加固改造,2008年2月第30卷第1期82-86
[26]姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验[M].同济大学出版社,2004
[27]姚谦峰,陈平.土木工程结构试验[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[28]段兵廷.土木工程专业英语(第2版).武汉理工大学出版社,2003年
[29]丰定国,王社良.抗震结构设计[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2005
[30]华南理工大学,浙江大学,湖南大学.基础工程[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[31]王赟,张波.生土建筑在灾后重建中的应用研究.世界地震工程,2009年9月,第25卷,第3期159-161
[32]尚建丽,刘加平.生态建材与可持续发展.长安大学学报,2003,11第23卷第6期71-74
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