基坑支护方案的优化设计及施工过程受力变形特性研究
摘要
随着我国经济的快速增长,城市建设和改造的步伐也是越来越快,因此,高层建筑的基坑工程设计显得越发重要。城市功能的拓展和城市人口的激增使城市的交通变得拥挤不堪。当前,地上空间已趋向饱和,人们越来越重视地下空间的开发与建设,因此产生了大量的基坑工程。
基坑工程的造价高、工期长、难度大,因此,如何合理地对基坑支护体系进行优化选择、对开挖过程进行计算,已成为土木工程界所关注的热点课题。本文以南京仁恒G53基坑工程为背景,应用层次分析法原理,将复杂的基坑支护方案决策问题层次化,并根据深基坑支护系统的特点建立层次结构模型,并选出最优支护方案。在开挖过程中,本文利用PLAXIS有限元软件,建立了南京仁恒G53基坑支护和开挖工程的有限元模型。采用软件的Mohr-Coulomb本构模型对土体进行模拟,并设置不同工况,来模拟基坑的支护和开挖全过程,通过计算分析,得出了各个工况中基坑围护结构的位移变化、剪力变化、以及坑后地表沉降的大小。得出以下结论：
1、根据层次分析法基本原理建立了基坑优选方案综合评价指标体系,确定了4个评价指标并使用层次分析法计算指标权重,选取的支护方案为：深搅桩重力式挡墙做止水帷幕,内插钻孔灌注桩。
2、系统分析了基坑支护结构的设计理论,分析了基坑工程中的土压力研究现状,介绍了土压力和水压力的计算理论以及有限元方法在基坑工程中的应用和进展。
3、通过阐述深基坑开挖过程的有限元理论与方法,分析了深基坑开挖前的初始应力场、位移场的形成。
4、介绍了大型岩土工程有限元分析软件PLAXIS,结合工程实例使用PLAXIS有限元软件计算分析了基坑开挖过程中土体应力,位移,以及围护桩的位移、力矩、所受剪力的变化。分析了基坑在支护和开挖的过程中基坑支护结构变形以及地表沉降发展变化的规律,提出一些有效的控制基坑变形的方法,为基坑工程设计以及施工的过程提供了依据。
5、使用勘察设计软件“理正深基坑”对基坑开挖过程进行了计算与分析,论证了所建模型的正确性和采用参数的合理性。
With Chinese rapid economic growth, the pace of urban construction and reconstruction is also faster and faster. Therefore, the design of deep foundation become increasingly important. Expansion of urban's function and large urban population make modern city crowd. At present, ground space has tended to become saturated, and there is a growing emphasis on the development and construction of underground space, resulting in a large number of foundation pit.
Pit excavation, because of long time, high costs and many difficulties in design and calculation, is a focus for civil engineers how to reasonably calculate, design and check the braced system. This article takes the Nanjing Renheng G53 pit engineering as the background, by the application analytic hierarchy process principle, Hierarchical complex pit supports and protections plan decision-making question. According to the pit supports and protections system's characteristic establishment hierarchical structure model, people select the most superior supports and protections plan. In the excavation process, Plaxis, a Finite element method software, was used in this paper to simulate the engineering. Excavation and shoring were analyzed by this software. Harding-soil model was used in this paper to simulate the soil. Then set different project step to simulate the excavation and shoring process. Structural internal force, displacement and the earth's surface sedimentation can be calculated by this way. We can get many conclusion as follows.
1、According to the basic principles of AHP, pit program was established comprehensive evaluation index system, and identify 4 evaluation indicators and calculations by the analytic hierarchy index weight. Gravity retaining wall of deep mixing piles was chosed as Sealing curtain and bored was in.
2、The design theory of Pit-retaining Structure has been studied by the numbers.The soil Pressure theory actuality and the application and development of the finite element in the foundation Pit have been analyzed. At the same time, the mechanics properties of the deep foundation pit and the calculation theory of soil pressure and water pressure, have been researched.
3、Initial stresses and displacements before excavation are investigated by finite element method through expatiating the finite element theories and methods during the processing of deep foundation excavations.
4、PLAXIS, an huge geotechnical engineering finite element program, has been introduced. Combined with Practical measurement of engineering, factors of design、construction and natural environment on effect of deformation of retaining structure are studied by PLAXIS finite element program. The important factors are analyzed by quantification, and deformation of timbering structures infoundation Pit excavation and the developing and changing rules of the settlement of surrounding stratum have been founded out. Some measurements, which offer reference to design and construction of deep foundation pit, to control deformation of foundation pit have been forward.
5、In this paper, excavation process is calculated and analyzed by survey and design software "F-spw", which validates the correctness of the new-built mode land the Properness of adopted parameters.
基坑工程的造价高、工期长、难度大,因此,如何合理地对基坑支护体系进行优化选择、对开挖过程进行计算,已成为土木工程界所关注的热点课题。本文以南京仁恒G53基坑工程为背景,应用层次分析法原理,将复杂的基坑支护方案决策问题层次化,并根据深基坑支护系统的特点建立层次结构模型,并选出最优支护方案。在开挖过程中,本文利用PLAXIS有限元软件,建立了南京仁恒G53基坑支护和开挖工程的有限元模型。采用软件的Mohr-Coulomb本构模型对土体进行模拟,并设置不同工况,来模拟基坑的支护和开挖全过程,通过计算分析,得出了各个工况中基坑围护结构的位移变化、剪力变化、以及坑后地表沉降的大小。得出以下结论：
1、根据层次分析法基本原理建立了基坑优选方案综合评价指标体系,确定了4个评价指标并使用层次分析法计算指标权重,选取的支护方案为：深搅桩重力式挡墙做止水帷幕,内插钻孔灌注桩。
2、系统分析了基坑支护结构的设计理论,分析了基坑工程中的土压力研究现状,介绍了土压力和水压力的计算理论以及有限元方法在基坑工程中的应用和进展。
3、通过阐述深基坑开挖过程的有限元理论与方法,分析了深基坑开挖前的初始应力场、位移场的形成。
4、介绍了大型岩土工程有限元分析软件PLAXIS,结合工程实例使用PLAXIS有限元软件计算分析了基坑开挖过程中土体应力,位移,以及围护桩的位移、力矩、所受剪力的变化。分析了基坑在支护和开挖的过程中基坑支护结构变形以及地表沉降发展变化的规律,提出一些有效的控制基坑变形的方法,为基坑工程设计以及施工的过程提供了依据。
5、使用勘察设计软件“理正深基坑”对基坑开挖过程进行了计算与分析,论证了所建模型的正确性和采用参数的合理性。
With Chinese rapid economic growth, the pace of urban construction and reconstruction is also faster and faster. Therefore, the design of deep foundation become increasingly important. Expansion of urban's function and large urban population make modern city crowd. At present, ground space has tended to become saturated, and there is a growing emphasis on the development and construction of underground space, resulting in a large number of foundation pit.
Pit excavation, because of long time, high costs and many difficulties in design and calculation, is a focus for civil engineers how to reasonably calculate, design and check the braced system. This article takes the Nanjing Renheng G53 pit engineering as the background, by the application analytic hierarchy process principle, Hierarchical complex pit supports and protections plan decision-making question. According to the pit supports and protections system's characteristic establishment hierarchical structure model, people select the most superior supports and protections plan. In the excavation process, Plaxis, a Finite element method software, was used in this paper to simulate the engineering. Excavation and shoring were analyzed by this software. Harding-soil model was used in this paper to simulate the soil. Then set different project step to simulate the excavation and shoring process. Structural internal force, displacement and the earth's surface sedimentation can be calculated by this way. We can get many conclusion as follows.
1、According to the basic principles of AHP, pit program was established comprehensive evaluation index system, and identify 4 evaluation indicators and calculations by the analytic hierarchy index weight. Gravity retaining wall of deep mixing piles was chosed as Sealing curtain and bored was in.
2、The design theory of Pit-retaining Structure has been studied by the numbers.The soil Pressure theory actuality and the application and development of the finite element in the foundation Pit have been analyzed. At the same time, the mechanics properties of the deep foundation pit and the calculation theory of soil pressure and water pressure, have been researched.
3、Initial stresses and displacements before excavation are investigated by finite element method through expatiating the finite element theories and methods during the processing of deep foundation excavations.
4、PLAXIS, an huge geotechnical engineering finite element program, has been introduced. Combined with Practical measurement of engineering, factors of design、construction and natural environment on effect of deformation of retaining structure are studied by PLAXIS finite element program. The important factors are analyzed by quantification, and deformation of timbering structures infoundation Pit excavation and the developing and changing rules of the settlement of surrounding stratum have been founded out. Some measurements, which offer reference to design and construction of deep foundation pit, to control deformation of foundation pit have been forward.
5、In this paper, excavation process is calculated and analyzed by survey and design software "F-spw", which validates the correctness of the new-built mode land the Properness of adopted parameters.
引文
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