叶片锻件型面检测系统的开发研究
摘要
叶片表面形状复杂,检测困难。传统的叶片锻件检测方法,检测时间长,精度低,难度大,不能满足现代化生产的需要。本文的目的就是通过对数据采集方法和锻件检测方法的分析和研究,找到一种适用于热态叶片锻件的数据采集方法,并且开发出与之相应的叶片锻件型面检测系统,从而提高叶片的生产效率。
本文研究讨论了锻件型面检测系统开发的目的和原则,讨论系统检测的流程,确定开发的工具,并对开发方法进行研究,着重介绍和研究了Surfacer软件的内、外部开发方法,并成功应用了Surfacer软件的外部开发功能进行系统开发;研究了常用的数字化采集方法,利用改造的双目CCD光栅投影测量技术对叶片锻件进行了数字化采集;介绍了本文中针对叶片锻件基于叶盆一侧表面配准的原理和实现方法,在配准过程中以CAD模型离散出的引导点云与测量数据的配准代替了测量数据直接与CAD模型的配准,简化了后者计算的复杂度,提高了配准效率;对完成配准的锻件测量数据和CAD模型进行了型面误差分析和相关尺寸的求取,并通过叶片锻件型面的分析结果指导叶片锻件模具的调整,达到提高叶片生产效率的目的。
文章最后用叶片锻件实例,对本文提出的方法和开发的系统进行了验证,并得到了良好的效果。
The surface of turbine blade is geometrically complex and difficult to inspect. The traditional inspection method of turbine blade forging can not meet the need of modern production,with long inspection time,low precision and great difficulty. The target of this paper is to find a data collecting method for blade forging at high temperature,and develop a corresponding blade forging`s profile inspection system to increase the productivity of blade through the inspection of blade forging's profile.
In this paper,we mainly discus the target and principle of development of the system. Research on the workflow of the test,the tool and the method of development. Particularly introduce and research the internal and external development methods of Surfacer,and use the external method in the development process;Make a summary of common digital measuring methods and use binocular CCD grating projection measuring method to collect the data of blade forging. Research and introduce the functions of the inspection system. Research and achieve the registration function between the blade forging's measuring data and CAD model based on the pressure side which is the actual requirement in the production process. Also research and achieve the cross-section function to obtain the profiles of the measuring data and CAD model after registration,and the function to analysis the profiles. Finally,guide the adjustment of the die of blade forging by the analysis of the profile of the blade forging to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of blade production.
In the end of the paper,set a blade forging as an example to verify the proposed method and system,and receive a good result.
本文研究讨论了锻件型面检测系统开发的目的和原则,讨论系统检测的流程,确定开发的工具,并对开发方法进行研究,着重介绍和研究了Surfacer软件的内、外部开发方法,并成功应用了Surfacer软件的外部开发功能进行系统开发;研究了常用的数字化采集方法,利用改造的双目CCD光栅投影测量技术对叶片锻件进行了数字化采集;介绍了本文中针对叶片锻件基于叶盆一侧表面配准的原理和实现方法,在配准过程中以CAD模型离散出的引导点云与测量数据的配准代替了测量数据直接与CAD模型的配准,简化了后者计算的复杂度,提高了配准效率;对完成配准的锻件测量数据和CAD模型进行了型面误差分析和相关尺寸的求取,并通过叶片锻件型面的分析结果指导叶片锻件模具的调整,达到提高叶片生产效率的目的。
文章最后用叶片锻件实例,对本文提出的方法和开发的系统进行了验证,并得到了良好的效果。
The surface of turbine blade is geometrically complex and difficult to inspect. The traditional inspection method of turbine blade forging can not meet the need of modern production,with long inspection time,low precision and great difficulty. The target of this paper is to find a data collecting method for blade forging at high temperature,and develop a corresponding blade forging`s profile inspection system to increase the productivity of blade through the inspection of blade forging's profile.
In this paper,we mainly discus the target and principle of development of the system. Research on the workflow of the test,the tool and the method of development. Particularly introduce and research the internal and external development methods of Surfacer,and use the external method in the development process;Make a summary of common digital measuring methods and use binocular CCD grating projection measuring method to collect the data of blade forging. Research and introduce the functions of the inspection system. Research and achieve the registration function between the blade forging's measuring data and CAD model based on the pressure side which is the actual requirement in the production process. Also research and achieve the cross-section function to obtain the profiles of the measuring data and CAD model after registration,and the function to analysis the profiles. Finally,guide the adjustment of the die of blade forging by the analysis of the profile of the blade forging to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of blade production.
In the end of the paper,set a blade forging as an example to verify the proposed method and system,and receive a good result.
引文
[1]陈非凡,强锡富.汽轮机叶片叶型测量综述[J].航空计测技术,1995,15(3):3-4
[2]耿鲁.叶片锻件型面检测的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2009
[3]刘福才,史宝森,徐国凯.单片机控制的大型锻件激光定尺系统[J].机械业自动化.2000,22(1):53-55
[4]聂绍珉,唐景林,郭宝锋.基于CCD的大型锻件尺寸测量研究[J].塑性工程学报.2005,12(增刊):85-88
[5]王志凌.基于双CCD的大锻件尺寸测量的实验研究[D]:硕士学位论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学电气工程学院,2006
[6]赵毅,王明辉等.热态锻件结构光三维测量技术[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(增刊):125-128
[7]于鹏,高峰等.新型大锻件尺寸在线测量系统的关键技术研究[J].机械设计与研究.2008,6:89-92
[8]王文军.基于Surfacer叶片型面检测模块的开发[D].[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学机械工程学院.2008
[9]林映.反求工程在口腔修复中的应用及开发[D].[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学环境工程.2004
[10]寇小希.基于SURFACER二次开发的全口义齿个性化设计及制备的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学机械制造及其自动化,2008
[11]Imageware, Inc. USER`S GUIDE Scoll. SC_UG/12 - 98
[12]Imageware, Inc. USER`S GUIDE Open Architecture. OA_UG/3 - 98
[13]李彦生,寇小希等. Surfacer二次开发在逆向工程设计中的应用[J].现代制造工程,2008(07)-230
[14]金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[15]赵天宇,吴易明等.结构光法和相位移法的对比研究[J].科学技术与工程.2007,7(17):4429-4432
[16]赵毅.结构光三维扫描技术及其在汽车连杆成形中的应用研究[R]:博士后研究工作报告.吉林大学,2007
[17]杨枝灵,王开等.Visual C++数字图像获取、处理及试验应用,人民邮电出版社2003,1
[18]魏巍.医学图像配准技术的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春工业大学:检测技术与自动化装置,2007
[19]Z.lin,H.Lee et al.,Finding 3D point correspondences in motion estimation,Proceedings of the ICPR,1986:303-305
[20]Paul J. Besl and Neil D. Mckay,A method for registration of 3-D shapes,IEEE Transactions on patten analysis and machine intelligence,1992,14(2):239-256
[21]Holland J H.Concerninge efficient adaptive system. In:Yovits M C,Jacobi G T, GoldsteinG D,eds.Self-organizing systems.Washington:Spartan Books,1962.215-230
[22]Holland J H.Adaptation in natural and artificial systems.2nd ed.Cambridge, London:Mit Press/Bradford Books,1992
[23]A.P. Ashbrook,R.B.Fisher,C.Robertson,et al.,Finding surface correspondences for object recognition and registration using pair-wise geometric histogram,International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence,1998,2:674-686
[24]Z.Y.Zhang.Iterative Point Matching for Registration of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces[J].Computer Vision.1994,13(2):119-152
[25]Li,QD and Griffiths J.G..Iterative Closest Geometric Objects Registration[J]. Computers and Mathematics with applications.2000,40:1171-1188
[26]Potmesil M. Generating models of solid objects by matching 3D surface segments[C] Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence,Karlsruche,West Germany,1983:1089-1093
[27]Chen Y and Medioni G. Object Modeling by Registration of Multiple Range Images. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1991:2724-2729
[28]沈晋慧.遗传算法在医学图像配准技术中的应用[J].首都医科大学学报.2003,24(1):30-32
[29]王国锐.遗传算法及其在图像拼接中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学:计算数学,2006
[30]平雪良,耿鲁等.遗传算法在点云配准技术中的应用[J].机械科学与技术.2010,29(6):809-816
[31]Zhang Yujin.Image processing and analysis[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Tsinghua University,2003:234-235
[32]孟军强.基于NURBS的涡轮叶片造型技术研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].南京航空航天大学:航空宇航推进理论与工程,2007
[33]H.Goldstein,Classical Mechanics,Addision-Wesley,1980
[34]程俊延等.基于参考点和ICP算法的点云数据重定位研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2006,14(9):1222-1224
[35]孙家广.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[36]刘艳等.叶片制造技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[37]常书易.叶片测量技术[M].国防工业出版社,1984.11
[38]陈满意,李斌,段正澄.叶片零件测量数据余量分布优化问题研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006,25(2):246-248
[39]王乐安.关于航空叶片锻造工艺及其设备技术改造的建议[J].材料工程.1990, 9(5):4-7
[40]王开全.汽轮机叶片精密模锻技术CAD与CAE研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2004
[41]洪介林.谈谈我厂锻压模具的标准化[J]
[42]王汉忠.锻压模具的堆焊修理[J]
[2]耿鲁.叶片锻件型面检测的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2009
[3]刘福才,史宝森,徐国凯.单片机控制的大型锻件激光定尺系统[J].机械业自动化.2000,22(1):53-55
[4]聂绍珉,唐景林,郭宝锋.基于CCD的大型锻件尺寸测量研究[J].塑性工程学报.2005,12(增刊):85-88
[5]王志凌.基于双CCD的大锻件尺寸测量的实验研究[D]:硕士学位论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学电气工程学院,2006
[6]赵毅,王明辉等.热态锻件结构光三维测量技术[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(增刊):125-128
[7]于鹏,高峰等.新型大锻件尺寸在线测量系统的关键技术研究[J].机械设计与研究.2008,6:89-92
[8]王文军.基于Surfacer叶片型面检测模块的开发[D].[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学机械工程学院.2008
[9]林映.反求工程在口腔修复中的应用及开发[D].[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学环境工程.2004
[10]寇小希.基于SURFACER二次开发的全口义齿个性化设计及制备的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学机械制造及其自动化,2008
[11]Imageware, Inc. USER`S GUIDE Scoll. SC_UG/12 - 98
[12]Imageware, Inc. USER`S GUIDE Open Architecture. OA_UG/3 - 98
[13]李彦生,寇小希等. Surfacer二次开发在逆向工程设计中的应用[J].现代制造工程,2008(07)-230
[14]金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[15]赵天宇,吴易明等.结构光法和相位移法的对比研究[J].科学技术与工程.2007,7(17):4429-4432
[16]赵毅.结构光三维扫描技术及其在汽车连杆成形中的应用研究[R]:博士后研究工作报告.吉林大学,2007
[17]杨枝灵,王开等.Visual C++数字图像获取、处理及试验应用,人民邮电出版社2003,1
[18]魏巍.医学图像配准技术的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春工业大学:检测技术与自动化装置,2007
[19]Z.lin,H.Lee et al.,Finding 3D point correspondences in motion estimation,Proceedings of the ICPR,1986:303-305
[20]Paul J. Besl and Neil D. Mckay,A method for registration of 3-D shapes,IEEE Transactions on patten analysis and machine intelligence,1992,14(2):239-256
[21]Holland J H.Concerninge efficient adaptive system. In:Yovits M C,Jacobi G T, GoldsteinG D,eds.Self-organizing systems.Washington:Spartan Books,1962.215-230
[22]Holland J H.Adaptation in natural and artificial systems.2nd ed.Cambridge, London:Mit Press/Bradford Books,1992
[23]A.P. Ashbrook,R.B.Fisher,C.Robertson,et al.,Finding surface correspondences for object recognition and registration using pair-wise geometric histogram,International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence,1998,2:674-686
[24]Z.Y.Zhang.Iterative Point Matching for Registration of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces[J].Computer Vision.1994,13(2):119-152
[25]Li,QD and Griffiths J.G..Iterative Closest Geometric Objects Registration[J]. Computers and Mathematics with applications.2000,40:1171-1188
[26]Potmesil M. Generating models of solid objects by matching 3D surface segments[C] Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence,Karlsruche,West Germany,1983:1089-1093
[27]Chen Y and Medioni G. Object Modeling by Registration of Multiple Range Images. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1991:2724-2729
[28]沈晋慧.遗传算法在医学图像配准技术中的应用[J].首都医科大学学报.2003,24(1):30-32
[29]王国锐.遗传算法及其在图像拼接中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学:计算数学,2006
[30]平雪良,耿鲁等.遗传算法在点云配准技术中的应用[J].机械科学与技术.2010,29(6):809-816
[31]Zhang Yujin.Image processing and analysis[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Tsinghua University,2003:234-235
[32]孟军强.基于NURBS的涡轮叶片造型技术研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].南京航空航天大学:航空宇航推进理论与工程,2007
[33]H.Goldstein,Classical Mechanics,Addision-Wesley,1980
[34]程俊延等.基于参考点和ICP算法的点云数据重定位研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2006,14(9):1222-1224
[35]孙家广.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005
[36]刘艳等.叶片制造技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[37]常书易.叶片测量技术[M].国防工业出版社,1984.11
[38]陈满意,李斌,段正澄.叶片零件测量数据余量分布优化问题研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006,25(2):246-248
[39]王乐安.关于航空叶片锻造工艺及其设备技术改造的建议[J].材料工程.1990, 9(5):4-7
[40]王开全.汽轮机叶片精密模锻技术CAD与CAE研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2004
[41]洪介林.谈谈我厂锻压模具的标准化[J]
[42]王汉忠.锻压模具的堆焊修理[J]
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