用户名: 密码: 验证码:
基于GIS的陕西省公路地震次生灾害危险度区划
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
5.12汶川地震对陕西省公路工程造成了巨大的破坏,引发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及路基沉陷等次生地质灾害,影响了公路“生命线工程”作用的发挥,给震后救援及灾后恢复带来了十分不利的影响。开展震后公路次生灾害风险评价,对公路灾害防治及路网规划具有重要的指导意义。
     论文以陕西省为研究对象,通过对震后陕西省公路次生地质灾害类型、分布规律及致灾机理的调查和分析,陕西省地震次生灾害主要有斜坡地质灾害、泥石流灾害以及路基沉陷三大类。
     论文选取地震烈度、地形坡度、岩土类型、地表切割密度、地表切割深度、植被、河网密度、降雨量等作为斜坡地质灾害的危险性评价指标,选择地震烈度、降雨、地形坡度及地表切割深度作为泥石流灾害的危险性评价指标,选择断裂带特征作为路基沉陷灾害的危险性评价指标,建立了三类次生地质灾害危险性评价指标体系和等级划分体系,并确定各影响因素的权重。利用GIS技术完成了各影响因素专题图层,通过GIS空间分析功能,叠加完成了各类灾害的危险度指数图。
     以叠加完成的各类灾害的危险度指数图为基础,通过叠加完成了陕西省公路地震次生灾害危险性评价工作。按照危险性评价指标大小将陕西省公路地震次生灾害危险性划分为微度危险、轻度危险、中度危险、严重危险和极严重危险五个危险性等级,并将陕西省分为16个危险性分区,其中2个微度危险区,1个轻度危险区,6个中度危险区,6个严重危险区和1个极严重危险区,完成了陕西省地震次生灾害区域危险性评价。
     在此基础上将陕西省路网图(主要是国省干线)与陕西省公路地震次生灾害危险性分区图叠加,完成陕西省路网地震次生灾害危险性评价。
     论文研究成果与陕西省实际情况基本相符,对生命线工程的保畅、防灾减灾及路网规划等具有一定的指导作用。
The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th has taken great destroys to highways of Shanxi province, it caused great destruction, avalanches, landslide and debris flow and roadbed subsidence geological disasters such as secondary, affecting the highway "lifeline project" function and it also brought post-earthquake rescue and recovery very adverse effects. There will be important guiding significance on the highway hazard prevention and network planning to conduct post-earthquake risk assessment of highway secondary disasters.
     The paper take Shanxi Province as the object of study, through the analysis of the type after shaking the Shanxi Province road secondary geology disaster, the distribution rule and send the disaster mechanism's investigation and the analysis, the Shanxi Province earthquake secondary disaster mainly have the pitch geology disaster, the mud-rock flow disaster as well as the roadbed cave in three broad headings.
     The paper selection earthquake intensity, the terrain slope, the ground type, the surface cutting density, the surface cutting depth, the vegetation, the drainage density, the rainfall amount and so on take the pitch geology disaster's risk evaluating indicator, the choice earthquake intensity, the rainfall, the terrain slope and the surface cutting depth take the mud-rock flow disaster's risk evaluating indicator, the choice fault zone characteristic take the roadbed settlement disaster's risk evaluating indicator, established three has ordered by type lives the geological disaster risk evaluating indicator system and the rank division system, and determined each influencing factor the weight. Has completed each influencing factor topic chart level using the GIS technology, through the GIS spatial analysis function, the superimposition has completed each kind of disaster's risk factor index chart.
     Take superimposes each kind of disaster's risk factor index chart which completes as the foundation, has completed the Shanxi Province road earthquake secondary disaster risk evaluation exercise through the superimposition. The Shanxi Province road earthquake secondary disaster risk will divide according to the risk evaluating indicator size into the micro danger, mild dangerous, moderate dangerous, the grave danger and the extremely grave danger five risky rank, and Shanxi Province will divide into 16 risky district,2 micro warning areas,1 mild warning area,6 moderate warning areas,6 serious warning areas and 1 extremely serious warning area, have completed the Shanxi Province earthquake secondary disaster region risk appraisal.
     In this foundation the Shanxi Province road network chart (mainly will be country province skeleton line) with the Shanxi Province road earthquake secondary disaster risky district chart superimposition, completes the Shanxi Province road network earthquake secondary disaster risk appraisal. the paper research results and the Shanxi Province actual situation tally basically, guarantees smooth, the disaster prevention disaster reduction and the road network plan to the lifeline project and so on has certain instruction function.
引文
[1]Varnes DJ. Landslide hazard zonation:A review of principle and practive[M]. UNESCO,75700 Paries, France,1984.
    [2]Eldeen MT. Predisaster physical planning:intergration of disaster risk analysis into physical planning, a case study in Tunisia[J]. Disasters,1980,4(2):211—222.
    [3]Hollingsworth R & Kovacs GS. Soil slumps and debris flows:prediction and protection[J]. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists,1981,38(1): 17—28.
    [4]Hansen A. Landslide Hazard Analysis[A]//Brusden D, Prior DB. Slope instability[M], Chichester:John Wiley & Sone Led,1984:523—543.
    [5]Wieczork, GF. Evaluating Danger Landslide Catalogue Maps[J]. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists,1984,1(1):337—342.
    [6]Ellen SD, Wieczorek GF. Landslide, floods and marine effects of the storm of January 3-5 1982 in the San Francisco Bay Region[R]. California:US Geological Survey Professional Paper,1434,310.
    [7]李阔,唐川.泥石流危险性评价研究进展[J],灾害学,2007,22(1):106-111
    [8]张峰,何政伟,杨斌等.基于GIS和神经网络的泥石流危险性评价系统[J],计算机工程,2009,35(3):205—207.
    [9]张春山,韩金良,孙炜锋等.陕西陇县地质灾害危险性分区评价[J],地质通报,2008,27(11):1795—1801.
    [10]张春山,孙炜锋,谭成轩.四川汶川Ms 8级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测[J],地质通报,2009,28(8):1138-1145.
    [11]吕远强.安康—旬阳—蜀河公路沿线地质灾害危险性评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2005.
    [12]齐洪亮.公路路基地质灾害评价及防治对策研究[D],西安:长安大学,2008.
    [13]张东薇.陕西翠华山国家地质公园核心景区二维灾害危险性评价[D].西安:长安大学硕士学位论文,2009.
    [14]叔森,李家春,朱钰等.陕西省公路灾害防治技术指南[M].北京:人民交通大学出版社,2009
    [15]于德海,彭建.陕西秦巴山区公路斜坡灾害发育规律的研究[J].公路交通科技,2008,8:137-140
    [16]孙果梅,况明生,曲华.陕西秦巴山区地质灾害研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(5)
    [17]王雁林.陕南地区滑坡灾害气象预报预警及其防范对策探析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4)
    [18]李智毅,杨裕云.工程地质学概论[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994
    [19]谢洪.山洪、泥石流的预防和治理[J].中国减灾,2006(6):18-19.
    [20]钟敦伦.论地震在泥石流活动中的作用.泥石流论文集(1).科技文献出版社重庆分社,1981.30-35.
    [21]李刚.高速公路路基沉降及控制措施分析[J].山西建筑,2008,(29)
    [22]刘玉卓.公路软基处理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
    [23]张志祥,赵体昌,徐文远.如何避免路基不均匀沉降问题的探讨[J].森林工程,2000,16.
    [24]傅志军,卫旭东.自然灾害区划的理论与方法[J].陕西师范大学学报,1998,12.
    [25]杨勤业,李双成.中国生态地域划分的若干问题[J].生态学报,1999,19(5)
    [26]张建强,范建容,严冬等.地震诱发崩塌滑坡敏感性评价—以北川县为例,四川大学学报(工程科学版)Vo.141,No.3,2009
    [27]兰恒星,伍法权,周成虎等.基于Gls的云南小江流域滑坡因子敏感性分析[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1500-1506.
    [28]王赞军,江志萍.滑坡危险性分析中地震动的概率性估算及地震滑坡的危险性评判,高原地震,Vol.10,No.1
    [29]邵虹波,刘宏.地震次生灾害危害分析及建议[J].长春理工大学(高教版),2009,4(4):183-185
    [30]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”坟川大地震诱发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592
    [31]罗元华,张梁,张业成.地质灾害风险评估方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
    [32]许强.汉川大地震诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(2):87-93
    [33]乔彦肖,马中社,吕凤军.汉川地震地质灾害发育特点及动因机制分析[J].中国地质,2009,36(3):736-741
    [34]戴福初,李军.地理信息系统在滑坡灾害研究中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):91-96.
    [35]赖格英.地理信息系统空间分析模型与实现方法的分析和比较[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(2):164-166
    [36]乔建平,吴彩燕,田宏岭.三峡库区云阳一巫山段地层因素对滑坡发育的贡献率研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2920-2924
    [37]吴彩燕,乔建平.三峡库区云阳—巫山段坡向因素对滑坡发育的贡献率研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2005,37(4):25-29
    [38]毕毕兴,中北理,阿部和时.GIS支持下的滑坡空间预测与危险等级划分[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):50-57
    [39]白世彪,王建,间国年等.基于Gls和双变量分析模型的三峡库区滑坡灾害易发性制图[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):85-92
    [40]石菊松,张永双,董诚等.基于GIS技术的巴东新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):275-252
    [41]川程凌鹏,柄瘩,刘传正.区域地质灾害风险评价研究述评[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,3:75-78
    [42]莫健.地质灾害危险性评价研究综述[J].西部探矿工程,2005,114:220-223
    [43]《甘肃省武都县地质灾害调查与区划报告》[R].甘肃省地质环境监测院,2000
    [44]《甘肃省5.12地震灾区陇南市武都区地质灾害应急排查总结报告》[RJ].甘肃省科学院,2008
    [45]刘传正.地质灾害勘察指南[MI].北京:地质出版社,2000
    [46]张梁,张业成,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
    [47]《泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范》[M].国土资源部,2006
    [48]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,7(3):31-42.
    [49]陈颙.测定浅震震源参数的宏观方法[J].地球物理学报,1984,18(4):246-255
    [50]国家汶川地震专家委员会.汶川地震灾区地震地质灾害图集.[M]北京:中国地图出版社
    [51]郝敏,谢礼立,王家全.台湾集集地震灾害最严重地区的烈度评定[M].世界地震工程,2006,22(4):22-26
    [52]李勇,周荣军,董顺利等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲-走滑作用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版).2008,35(4):404-413
    [53]汪素云,俞言祥,高阿甲,阎秀杰.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定.中国地震,2000,16(2):99-106
    [54]俞言祥,高孟潭.台湾集集地震近场地震动的上盘效应.地震学报,2001,23(6):615-621
    [55]刘希林.我国泥石流危险度评价研究:回顾与展望[J].自然灾害学报.2002,11(4):128
    [56]钟敦伦,谢洪,韦方强等.四川重庆泥石流分布及危险度区划[J].成都:成都地图出版社,1997
    [57]刘希林,王小丹.云南省泥石流风险区划[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3)
    [58]刘希林,苏鹏程.四川省泥石流风险评价[J].灾害学,2004,19(2)
    [59]唐川,朱静.GIS支持下的滇西北地区泥石流灾害评价[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(6)
    [60]殷坤龙.滑坡灾害预测预报[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2004:24-58.
    [61]唐川,朱静.云南滑坡泥石流研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003:47-89
    [62]殷坤龙,朱良峰.滑坡灾害空间区划及GIS应用研究[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):2792284.
    [63]刘国昌.中国环境地质问题[J].西安地质学院学报,2002,(1):21-23.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700