基于SBAS-InSAR技术的大同市地面沉降监测研究
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摘要
地面沉降是一种地面缓慢降低的环境地质现象,它集中于城市范围内,分布较广,危害性较大。因此,我们必须采用合理的监测手段,及时发现地面沉降。地面沉降是大同市较为突出的地质灾害之一,大同市地表、地下各类建筑物已经因为地面沉降遭到不同程度破坏,地面沉降的持续发展还加剧了大同市地裂缝的活动。
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)是20世纪60年代发展起来的一门新技术,而小基线集技术(SBAS-InSAR)是在InSAR基础上进行了创新。本文首先详细分析了InSAR技术和D-InSAR技术及它们的原理,接着介绍了InSAR新技术以及InSAR常用的软件。本文应用SBAS-InSAR技术,利用现有的大同地区ENVISAT数据,对大同地区的地面沉降进行试验研究,计算大同市地面沉降量。最后将利用SBAS-InSAR技术所得出的监测结果与GPS测量的监测结果进行对比分析,得出了以下结论：
1.InSAR技术与传统测量手段相比较,具有高分辨率、灵活性强等特点,不受地形的影响,而且监测成本较低,在城市地面监测中具有很大的优势和很好的应用前景。SBAS-InSAR技术可以更加充分利用数据,利用小基线集技术可以批量处理InSAR数据,并得到良好的结果。
2.通过SBAS-InSAR技术对大同地区多景InSAR数据处理,由处理结果得出大同地区地面沉降的空间分布不均,形成明显的沉降漏斗。沉降量较大的区域主要分布市中心,且年均沉降量为1.5cm,郊区比较稳定。
3.通过调查研究,分析了大同市地面沉降与地下水的开采在空间上和时间上的分布关系。结论表明由于地下水的开采,加剧了大同市地面沉降,并且地面沉降的发生也将加剧地裂缝的发生。
Land subsidence is an environmental geological phenomenon that the ground surface descends slowly. It always happened in urban areas, with great harmfulness and widespread. Therefore, we must use reasonable monitoring tools to discover the land subsidence in time. Land Subsidence is one of the most prominent geological disasters in Datong. All kinds of buildings on and under the ground surface has been violated inordinately. The sustainable also exacerbates the activities of ground fissures in Datong.
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is a new technology which developed from 20th century. SBAS-InSAR is a new techkology of InSAR. This paper applies SBAS-InSAR technology and uses Datong ENVISAT data to study of the land subsidence. The paper first detailed analysis of the InSAR and D-InSAR technology and their principles. Then introduced the new technologies of InSAR and commonly used InSAR software. Then calculated Datong land subsidence by SBAS-InSAR method. Finally, compared the monitoring results using SBAS-InSAR with GPS results, reached following conclusions:
First, InSAR technique has some advantages compared with traditional means. It isn't influenced with terrain and has lower costs, which has a great advantage and a good prospect in the city's land monitoring. SBAS-InSAR can take full advantage of the SAR dates, and saves your time with the efficient batch processing function.
Second, we process many InSAR data of Datong by SBAS-InSAR. The results tend to the land subsidence's spatial distribution in Datong is uneven. The larger subsidence areas are in the center part with 1.5 cm every year and the suburbs are relatively stable. And it has the subsidence center are funnel-shaped.
Finally, according to the survey, we analysis consistency between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation in Datong. The results indicate land subsidence and groundwater exploitation have very good consistency in space and time. So it can comes to the exploitation of groundwater will intensifies the subsidence in Datong, and land subsidence occurred will also increased ground fissure occurs.
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)是20世纪60年代发展起来的一门新技术,而小基线集技术(SBAS-InSAR)是在InSAR基础上进行了创新。本文首先详细分析了InSAR技术和D-InSAR技术及它们的原理,接着介绍了InSAR新技术以及InSAR常用的软件。本文应用SBAS-InSAR技术,利用现有的大同地区ENVISAT数据,对大同地区的地面沉降进行试验研究,计算大同市地面沉降量。最后将利用SBAS-InSAR技术所得出的监测结果与GPS测量的监测结果进行对比分析,得出了以下结论：
1.InSAR技术与传统测量手段相比较,具有高分辨率、灵活性强等特点,不受地形的影响,而且监测成本较低,在城市地面监测中具有很大的优势和很好的应用前景。SBAS-InSAR技术可以更加充分利用数据,利用小基线集技术可以批量处理InSAR数据,并得到良好的结果。
2.通过SBAS-InSAR技术对大同地区多景InSAR数据处理,由处理结果得出大同地区地面沉降的空间分布不均,形成明显的沉降漏斗。沉降量较大的区域主要分布市中心,且年均沉降量为1.5cm,郊区比较稳定。
3.通过调查研究,分析了大同市地面沉降与地下水的开采在空间上和时间上的分布关系。结论表明由于地下水的开采,加剧了大同市地面沉降,并且地面沉降的发生也将加剧地裂缝的发生。
Land subsidence is an environmental geological phenomenon that the ground surface descends slowly. It always happened in urban areas, with great harmfulness and widespread. Therefore, we must use reasonable monitoring tools to discover the land subsidence in time. Land Subsidence is one of the most prominent geological disasters in Datong. All kinds of buildings on and under the ground surface has been violated inordinately. The sustainable also exacerbates the activities of ground fissures in Datong.
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) is a new technology which developed from 20th century. SBAS-InSAR is a new techkology of InSAR. This paper applies SBAS-InSAR technology and uses Datong ENVISAT data to study of the land subsidence. The paper first detailed analysis of the InSAR and D-InSAR technology and their principles. Then introduced the new technologies of InSAR and commonly used InSAR software. Then calculated Datong land subsidence by SBAS-InSAR method. Finally, compared the monitoring results using SBAS-InSAR with GPS results, reached following conclusions:
First, InSAR technique has some advantages compared with traditional means. It isn't influenced with terrain and has lower costs, which has a great advantage and a good prospect in the city's land monitoring. SBAS-InSAR can take full advantage of the SAR dates, and saves your time with the efficient batch processing function.
Second, we process many InSAR data of Datong by SBAS-InSAR. The results tend to the land subsidence's spatial distribution in Datong is uneven. The larger subsidence areas are in the center part with 1.5 cm every year and the suburbs are relatively stable. And it has the subsidence center are funnel-shaped.
Finally, according to the survey, we analysis consistency between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation in Datong. The results indicate land subsidence and groundwater exploitation have very good consistency in space and time. So it can comes to the exploitation of groundwater will intensifies the subsidence in Datong, and land subsidence occurred will also increased ground fissure occurs.
引文
[1]陈俊勇.新世纪的卫星大地测量学和地球科学[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(2)：175-177
[2]廖明生.由InSAR影像高精度自动生成干涉图的关键技术研究[M].武汉： 武汉大学,2000
[3]王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量[M].科学出版社,2002
[4]陈强.基于永久散射体雷达差分干涉探测区域地表形变的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006
[5]胡俊,朱建军,李志伟CR-InSAR技术及其病态方程的研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2007,32(5)：30-31
[6]Berardino P., Fomaro, G. Lanari R., et al. A new algorithm for surface defoanation monitoring bused on small baseline differential SAR interferograms、IEEE Trams.Geosci.Remote Sensing 2002,40(11):2375-2378.
[7]杨成生,侯建国,季灵运,马静D-InSAR技术用于西安地区地面沉降监测的研究[J].测绘工程,2008,17(3)：34-36
[8]崔振东,唐益群.国内外地面沉降现状与研究[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(3)： 275-278
[9]Lauknes T., Dehls J., Larsen Y., et al. A Comparison of SBAS and PS ERS InSAR For Subsidence Monitoring In OSLO, Norway,2005:Fringe 05
[10]Mora O., Mallorqui J., Broquetas, A., Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferorn etric SAR in ages. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sensing,2003,41(10):2243-2253
[11]Casu F., M anzo M. LanariR. Performance Analysis of the SBAS for Surface Deformation Retrieval.2005:Fringe 05.
[12]Casu F., M anzo M. LanariR., A Quantitative Assessm ent of the SBAS Algorithm Performance for Surface Deformation Retrieval from D-InSAR Data. Remote Sensing.Environ.,2006:102,195-210
[13]刘国祥,刘文熙,黄丁发InSAR技术及其应用中的若干问题[J].测绘通报,2001,8：10-12
[14]路旭,匡绍君,贾有良等.用InSAR作地面沉降监测的试验研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4)：66-70
[15]吴立新,高均海,葛大庆等.工矿区地表沉陷D-InSAR监测试验研究[J].东北大学学报,2005,26(8)：778-782
[16]汤益先；张红；王超等。基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量的苏州地区沉降研究[J]。自然科学进展,2006(8)：1015-1020
[17]陈强,丁晓利,刘国祥等。PS-D-InSAR公共主影像的优化选取。测绘学报,2007(4)：395-399
[18]董玉森; Ge Linlin; Chang Hsingchun等。基于差分雷达干涉测量的矿区地面沉降监测研究。武 汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007(10)：888-891
[19]葛大庆,王艳,郭小方等.利用短基线差分干涉纹图集监测地表形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(2)：61-66
[20]马德英,刘国祥,蔡国林等.短时空基线PS-D-InSAR提取地表形变时间序列[J]南交通大学学报,2009,44(1)：77-82
[21]Ferretti A., Prati C., and Rocca, F.,2001, Permanent scatterersin SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sensing 39(1):8-20
[22]范洪冬InSAR若干关键算法及其在地面沉降监测中的应用研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2010
[23]Yonghong Huang,J. L. van Genderen. Comparison of Several Multi-look Processing Procedures in InSAR Processing for ERS-1&2 Tandem Mode. www. earth. esa. int/Workshop/fringe96.2003-4-5
[24]Hanssen R. H.,Weckwerth T. M., Zebker H. A. Highresolution water vapor mapping from interferometric radar measurements[J]. Science,1999,283:1295-1297
[25]李振洪,刘经南,许才军.D-INSAR数学模型的探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(2)：88-9
[26]Mora 0, Broquetas A, Linear and Nonlinear Terrain Deformation Maps From a Reduced Set of Interfero-metric SAR Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003.
[27]Just D, Bamler R. Phase Statistics of Interferograms with Applications to Synthetic Aperture Radar[J]. Applied Optics,1994, (33):4361-4368
[28]Zebker H A, Villasenor J. Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30:950-959
[29]赵超英.差分干涉雷达技术用于不连续形变的监测研究[D].西安：长安大学博士生论文,2009
[30]Gatelli F, Guarnieri A M, Parizzi F et al. The wavenumber shift in SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(4):855-865
[31]Liu G X. Mapping of earth deformations with satellite radar interferometry:a study of its accuracy and reliability performances[D].Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universiy,2003
[32]Just D, Bamler R. Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar[J]. Applied Optics,1994,(33):4361-4368
[33]Rosen P A, Hensley S, Zebker H A et al. Surface deformation and coherence measurements of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, from SIR-C radar interferometry[J]. Journal of Geophysical Re search,1996,101(E10):109-230
[34]李小凡,李颖,曾琪明等.应用与ASAR同步的MERIS对重复轨道InSAR进行大气校正[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(6)：1012-1018
[35]Massonnet D, Feigl K L. Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth's surface[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,1998,36:441-500
[36]刘国祥,丁晓利,李志林等,星载SAR复数图像的配准[J],测绘学报,2001,30(1)：60-66
[37]GE L, HAN S, RIZOS C, The Double Interpolation and Double Prediction (DIDP) Approach for InSAR and GPS Integration[J], IAPRS,2000,33(7):16-23
[38]朱武。CR-INSARnSAR用于活动地裂缝的监测研究。长安大学硕士研究生论文,2010
[39]Usai S., A least squares database approach for SAR interferornetic data. IEEE Geosci.Remote Sensing,2003,41(4):753-760
[40]胡乐银,张景发,商晓青。SBAS- InSAR技术原理及其在地壳形变监测中的应用[J]。地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2010(22)
[41]彭建兵,张俊,苏生瑞,等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1992
[42]彭建兵,苏生瑞.渭河盆地活断层与地质灾害的分维特征[J].西北大学学报,1993,23(6)：555-561
[43]陈志新,叶万军.大同市活动构造及位错模拟分析[J].西安工程学院学报,2002,24(4)： 35-37
[2]廖明生.由InSAR影像高精度自动生成干涉图的关键技术研究[M].武汉： 武汉大学,2000
[3]王超,张红,刘智.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量[M].科学出版社,2002
[4]陈强.基于永久散射体雷达差分干涉探测区域地表形变的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006
[5]胡俊,朱建军,李志伟CR-InSAR技术及其病态方程的研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2007,32(5)：30-31
[6]Berardino P., Fomaro, G. Lanari R., et al. A new algorithm for surface defoanation monitoring bused on small baseline differential SAR interferograms、IEEE Trams.Geosci.Remote Sensing 2002,40(11):2375-2378.
[7]杨成生,侯建国,季灵运,马静D-InSAR技术用于西安地区地面沉降监测的研究[J].测绘工程,2008,17(3)：34-36
[8]崔振东,唐益群.国内外地面沉降现状与研究[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(3)： 275-278
[9]Lauknes T., Dehls J., Larsen Y., et al. A Comparison of SBAS and PS ERS InSAR For Subsidence Monitoring In OSLO, Norway,2005:Fringe 05
[10]Mora O., Mallorqui J., Broquetas, A., Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferorn etric SAR in ages. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sensing,2003,41(10):2243-2253
[11]Casu F., M anzo M. LanariR. Performance Analysis of the SBAS for Surface Deformation Retrieval.2005:Fringe 05.
[12]Casu F., M anzo M. LanariR., A Quantitative Assessm ent of the SBAS Algorithm Performance for Surface Deformation Retrieval from D-InSAR Data. Remote Sensing.Environ.,2006:102,195-210
[13]刘国祥,刘文熙,黄丁发InSAR技术及其应用中的若干问题[J].测绘通报,2001,8：10-12
[14]路旭,匡绍君,贾有良等.用InSAR作地面沉降监测的试验研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4)：66-70
[15]吴立新,高均海,葛大庆等.工矿区地表沉陷D-InSAR监测试验研究[J].东北大学学报,2005,26(8)：778-782
[16]汤益先；张红；王超等。基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量的苏州地区沉降研究[J]。自然科学进展,2006(8)：1015-1020
[17]陈强,丁晓利,刘国祥等。PS-D-InSAR公共主影像的优化选取。测绘学报,2007(4)：395-399
[18]董玉森; Ge Linlin; Chang Hsingchun等。基于差分雷达干涉测量的矿区地面沉降监测研究。武 汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007(10)：888-891
[19]葛大庆,王艳,郭小方等.利用短基线差分干涉纹图集监测地表形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(2)：61-66
[20]马德英,刘国祥,蔡国林等.短时空基线PS-D-InSAR提取地表形变时间序列[J]南交通大学学报,2009,44(1)：77-82
[21]Ferretti A., Prati C., and Rocca, F.,2001, Permanent scatterersin SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geosci.Remote Sensing 39(1):8-20
[22]范洪冬InSAR若干关键算法及其在地面沉降监测中的应用研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2010
[23]Yonghong Huang,J. L. van Genderen. Comparison of Several Multi-look Processing Procedures in InSAR Processing for ERS-1&2 Tandem Mode. www. earth. esa. int/Workshop/fringe96.2003-4-5
[24]Hanssen R. H.,Weckwerth T. M., Zebker H. A. Highresolution water vapor mapping from interferometric radar measurements[J]. Science,1999,283:1295-1297
[25]李振洪,刘经南,许才军.D-INSAR数学模型的探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(2)：88-9
[26]Mora 0, Broquetas A, Linear and Nonlinear Terrain Deformation Maps From a Reduced Set of Interfero-metric SAR Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003.
[27]Just D, Bamler R. Phase Statistics of Interferograms with Applications to Synthetic Aperture Radar[J]. Applied Optics,1994, (33):4361-4368
[28]Zebker H A, Villasenor J. Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30:950-959
[29]赵超英.差分干涉雷达技术用于不连续形变的监测研究[D].西安：长安大学博士生论文,2009
[30]Gatelli F, Guarnieri A M, Parizzi F et al. The wavenumber shift in SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1994,32(4):855-865
[31]Liu G X. Mapping of earth deformations with satellite radar interferometry:a study of its accuracy and reliability performances[D].Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universiy,2003
[32]Just D, Bamler R. Phase statistics of interferograms with applications to synthetic aperture radar[J]. Applied Optics,1994,(33):4361-4368
[33]Rosen P A, Hensley S, Zebker H A et al. Surface deformation and coherence measurements of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, from SIR-C radar interferometry[J]. Journal of Geophysical Re search,1996,101(E10):109-230
[34]李小凡,李颖,曾琪明等.应用与ASAR同步的MERIS对重复轨道InSAR进行大气校正[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(6)：1012-1018
[35]Massonnet D, Feigl K L. Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth's surface[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,1998,36:441-500
[36]刘国祥,丁晓利,李志林等,星载SAR复数图像的配准[J],测绘学报,2001,30(1)：60-66
[37]GE L, HAN S, RIZOS C, The Double Interpolation and Double Prediction (DIDP) Approach for InSAR and GPS Integration[J], IAPRS,2000,33(7):16-23
[38]朱武。CR-INSARnSAR用于活动地裂缝的监测研究。长安大学硕士研究生论文,2010
[39]Usai S., A least squares database approach for SAR interferornetic data. IEEE Geosci.Remote Sensing,2003,41(4):753-760
[40]胡乐银,张景发,商晓青。SBAS- InSAR技术原理及其在地壳形变监测中的应用[J]。地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2010(22)
[41]彭建兵,张俊,苏生瑞,等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1992
[42]彭建兵,苏生瑞.渭河盆地活断层与地质灾害的分维特征[J].西北大学学报,1993,23(6)：555-561
[43]陈志新,叶万军.大同市活动构造及位错模拟分析[J].西安工程学院学报,2002,24(4)： 35-37
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