活动断裂安全避让距离研究
|
摘要
历次震后重建工作表明,地表建筑物的安全选址是重建工作的重大问题。因此认真研究及科学合理地确定活动断裂的实际影响范围,给出工程建设中可以实际参考的安全距离,具有十分重要的意义。
本论文依托中国地质调查局地质调查项目“龙门山及邻近构造带地震工程地质调查评价(1212010914205)”,在震后现场调查和分析的基础上,选取汶川地震后地表建筑物破裂较为典型的三个区域进行研究,即宽缓谷地(以小鱼洞镇主街道为代表)、斜坡坡脚缓坡带(以虹口乡八角庙疗养院为代表)和高阶地(以水磨镇硅业公司场地为代表),建立地质模型,运用MIDAS有限元分析软件,通过数值模拟,取得了以下成果：
1.通过对宽缓谷地、斜坡坡脚缓坡带和高阶地三种地貌结构的原始地质模型的模拟,得到的地表破裂现象与野外调查结果基本吻合。
2.通过模拟和实际调查结果的综合分析,给出了发震断层带不同场地条件建筑物的最小安全避让距离。
3.分别从覆盖层厚度、断层倾角及地层组合三个方面进行模拟,研究其对发震断层带场地建筑物的最小安全避让距离的影响规律：
(1)覆盖层厚度越小,表层土体单元最大主应力值越大,发生破坏的土体单元也就越多,地表建筑物的安全避让距离越大。
(2)断层倾角越小,表层土体单元破坏程度越小,活动断裂的安全避让距离越大。
(3)地层组合不同,其地表建筑物的破坏程度不同,地层组合越复杂,地表建筑物的安全避让距离越小。
Previous reconstruction efforts after the earthquake showed that selecting the safe building site is the major problems of the reconstruction efforts. Therefore, carefully studying and scientifically, rationally determining the actual impact scope of active faults, giving the safe distance which can be referred in the construction is of great significance.
This thesis is rely on the progect " investigation and assessment of earthquake engineering geological of Longmen Shan and adjacent structures (1212010914205)" supported by China Geological Survey. Based on the field investigation and analysis after earthquake, the author selected the three regions where rupture of surface buildings after the earthquake is more typical to study, namely, wide and gentle valleys (the main street of the Xiaoyudong Town as representative), gentle slope region of the slope foot (Bajiao Temple nursing homes of Hongkou Township as representative) and higher ground (Silicon Industry Company of Shuimo Town as representative), establishing the geological model, using the finite element analysis software MIDAS, through numerical simulation, and the following understanding was made:
1. through simulating the original geological model of this three geomorphological structure of the wide and gentle valleys, gentle slope toe and high slope, and the phenomenon of surface rupture are consistent with the results of field investigations.
2. Through simulation and analysis of results of practical investigation, the minimum building safety avoidance distance of the earthquake fault zone with different site conditions is given.
3. Simulating respectively, from the three aspects of cover thickness, dip angle and the combination of of strata to study the rules of their influence to minimum safety avoidance distance of buildings in earthquake fault zone.
(1) The smaller the thickness of cover, the greater the value of the maximum principal stress of surface soil unit, the more the soil units in which damage was occurred, the greater the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
(2) The smaller the fault dip, the smaller the damage degree of surface soil unit, the greater the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
(3) Because the different combination of strata, the damage degrees of surface building is different, the more complex the combination of strata, the smaller the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
本论文依托中国地质调查局地质调查项目“龙门山及邻近构造带地震工程地质调查评价(1212010914205)”,在震后现场调查和分析的基础上,选取汶川地震后地表建筑物破裂较为典型的三个区域进行研究,即宽缓谷地(以小鱼洞镇主街道为代表)、斜坡坡脚缓坡带(以虹口乡八角庙疗养院为代表)和高阶地(以水磨镇硅业公司场地为代表),建立地质模型,运用MIDAS有限元分析软件,通过数值模拟,取得了以下成果：
1.通过对宽缓谷地、斜坡坡脚缓坡带和高阶地三种地貌结构的原始地质模型的模拟,得到的地表破裂现象与野外调查结果基本吻合。
2.通过模拟和实际调查结果的综合分析,给出了发震断层带不同场地条件建筑物的最小安全避让距离。
3.分别从覆盖层厚度、断层倾角及地层组合三个方面进行模拟,研究其对发震断层带场地建筑物的最小安全避让距离的影响规律：
(1)覆盖层厚度越小,表层土体单元最大主应力值越大,发生破坏的土体单元也就越多,地表建筑物的安全避让距离越大。
(2)断层倾角越小,表层土体单元破坏程度越小,活动断裂的安全避让距离越大。
(3)地层组合不同,其地表建筑物的破坏程度不同,地层组合越复杂,地表建筑物的安全避让距离越小。
Previous reconstruction efforts after the earthquake showed that selecting the safe building site is the major problems of the reconstruction efforts. Therefore, carefully studying and scientifically, rationally determining the actual impact scope of active faults, giving the safe distance which can be referred in the construction is of great significance.
This thesis is rely on the progect " investigation and assessment of earthquake engineering geological of Longmen Shan and adjacent structures (1212010914205)" supported by China Geological Survey. Based on the field investigation and analysis after earthquake, the author selected the three regions where rupture of surface buildings after the earthquake is more typical to study, namely, wide and gentle valleys (the main street of the Xiaoyudong Town as representative), gentle slope region of the slope foot (Bajiao Temple nursing homes of Hongkou Township as representative) and higher ground (Silicon Industry Company of Shuimo Town as representative), establishing the geological model, using the finite element analysis software MIDAS, through numerical simulation, and the following understanding was made:
1. through simulating the original geological model of this three geomorphological structure of the wide and gentle valleys, gentle slope toe and high slope, and the phenomenon of surface rupture are consistent with the results of field investigations.
2. Through simulation and analysis of results of practical investigation, the minimum building safety avoidance distance of the earthquake fault zone with different site conditions is given.
3. Simulating respectively, from the three aspects of cover thickness, dip angle and the combination of of strata to study the rules of their influence to minimum safety avoidance distance of buildings in earthquake fault zone.
(1) The smaller the thickness of cover, the greater the value of the maximum principal stress of surface soil unit, the more the soil units in which damage was occurred, the greater the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
(2) The smaller the fault dip, the smaller the damage degree of surface soil unit, the greater the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
(3) Because the different combination of strata, the damage degrees of surface building is different, the more complex the combination of strata, the smaller the safe avoidance distance of surface buildings.
引文
[1]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的活动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4)
[2]陈桂华,徐锡伟,于贵华等.2008年汶川Ms8.0地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震位移及滑移分解[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5)：1384-1394.
[3]场地断裂课题研究小组.场地断裂工程抗震评价研究报告[R].北京：建设部抗震办公室,1988.
[4]彭承光,李运贵.场地地震效应工程勘察基础[M].北京：地震出版社.2004,250-253.
[5]殷跃平,潘桂棠,刘宇平等.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京：地质出版社,2009.
[6]Fuis G S. West margin of North America-a synthesisof recent seismic transects[J]. TectonoPhysics,1998,288:265-292.
[7]Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Godfreg N J, et al. Crustal structure and tectonicsfrom the Los AngelesBasin to Mojave Desert, Southern California[J]. Geology,2001,29 (1):15-18.
[8]Yeats R S, Sieh K, Allen C R. The geologyof earthquakes[M]. New York and Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.1997,473-485.
[9]Taniyama, Watanabe. Deformation of sandy dePosits by fault movement [A]. Proc.12th WCEE[C]. (No.2209),2000,6.
[10]刘守华,董津城,徐光明等.2005.地下断裂对不同土质上覆土层的工程影响[J].地震地质,24(11)：1869-1874.
[11]郭恩栋,邵广彪,薄景山等,覆盖土层场地地震断裂反应分析方法[J].地展工程与工程振动,2002,22(5)：122-126.
[12]汤淼鑫,活动断裂安全距离的研究及意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,3：27.
[13]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4)：470-483.
[14]李勇,黄润秋等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1)：3-18.
[15]李小军.对近几年大震震害现象与工程地震问题研究的思考[J].国际地震动态,2001,8.
[16]薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3)：36-40.
[17]Wells D L, CoPPersmith K J. New emPirical relationships among magnitude, ruPture length, ruPture width, ruPture area, and surface disPlacement[J]. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 1994,84 (4):974-1002.
[18]赵雷,李小军,霍达.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(1)：20-25.
[19]郭恩栋,冯启民,薄景山等,覆盖土层场地地震断裂试验[J].地展工程与工程振动,2001,21(9)：145-149.
[20]Bray J D, Seed R B. Earthquake fault ruPture Propagation through soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120 (3):543-561.
[21]张倬元,王士天,黄润秋等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京：地质出版社.2009,176-185.
[22]苏生瑞,黄润秋,王士天.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,44-110.
[23]黄润秋,徐强等.地质灾害过程模拟和过程控制研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,140-145.
[24]胡聿贤.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京：地质出版社.2007,368-376.
[25]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3)
[26]吴景发.汶川地震灾后重建避让距离研究[D].中国地震局工程地质力学研究所,2009年.
[27]梁小华.蒋溥等.断裂地震地表断错危险性评价[J].地震地质,2002.24(4)：495-502.
[28]邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题[J].地震地质,2002.24(4)601-605.
[29]于爱国,马巍等.活动断裂地震变形与重大工程场地安全距离研究[J].地震研究所,2005,28(4)：359-364.
[30]侯康明,李丽梅,黄耘.汶川8级大震震害特征和发震断裂运动方式探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(3)：388-392.
[31]林茂柄.汶川大地震与龙门山构造带[J].成都理工大学学报,2008,35(4)：364-370.
[32]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1)46-55.
[33]李英民,刘立平等.汶川地震建筑震害与思考[M].重庆大学出版社,2008,18(1)
[34]四川省地质局第二区测队.中华人民共和国地质图1：20万茂汶幅、灌县幅[R].成都：四川省地质矿产局,1976.
[35]李英民,刘立平等.汶川地震建筑震害与思考[M].重庆大学出版社,2008,18(1)
[36]温瑞智,周正华,孙平善,等.断层场地地震动分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1)：21-27.
[37]Aki. Seismic DisPlacements near a Fault[J]. J. G R.1968,73 (16):5359-5376.
[38]Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Godfreg N J, et al.2001. Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles Basin to Mo2 jave Desert, Southern California [J]. Geology,29 (1):15-18.
[39]Yeats R S, Sieh K, Allen C R.1997. The geology of earthquakes[M]. New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press.473-485.
[40]Cornell. Engineering seismic risk analysis[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1968.58 (5):1583-1606.
[2]陈桂华,徐锡伟,于贵华等.2008年汶川Ms8.0地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震位移及滑移分解[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5)：1384-1394.
[3]场地断裂课题研究小组.场地断裂工程抗震评价研究报告[R].北京：建设部抗震办公室,1988.
[4]彭承光,李运贵.场地地震效应工程勘察基础[M].北京：地震出版社.2004,250-253.
[5]殷跃平,潘桂棠,刘宇平等.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京：地质出版社,2009.
[6]Fuis G S. West margin of North America-a synthesisof recent seismic transects[J]. TectonoPhysics,1998,288:265-292.
[7]Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Godfreg N J, et al. Crustal structure and tectonicsfrom the Los AngelesBasin to Mojave Desert, Southern California[J]. Geology,2001,29 (1):15-18.
[8]Yeats R S, Sieh K, Allen C R. The geologyof earthquakes[M]. New York and Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.1997,473-485.
[9]Taniyama, Watanabe. Deformation of sandy dePosits by fault movement [A]. Proc.12th WCEE[C]. (No.2209),2000,6.
[10]刘守华,董津城,徐光明等.2005.地下断裂对不同土质上覆土层的工程影响[J].地震地质,24(11)：1869-1874.
[11]郭恩栋,邵广彪,薄景山等,覆盖土层场地地震断裂反应分析方法[J].地展工程与工程振动,2002,22(5)：122-126.
[12]汤淼鑫,活动断裂安全距离的研究及意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,3：27.
[13]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4)：470-483.
[14]李勇,黄润秋等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1)：3-18.
[15]李小军.对近几年大震震害现象与工程地震问题研究的思考[J].国际地震动态,2001,8.
[16]薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3)：36-40.
[17]Wells D L, CoPPersmith K J. New emPirical relationships among magnitude, ruPture length, ruPture width, ruPture area, and surface disPlacement[J]. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 1994,84 (4):974-1002.
[18]赵雷,李小军,霍达.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(1)：20-25.
[19]郭恩栋,冯启民,薄景山等,覆盖土层场地地震断裂试验[J].地展工程与工程振动,2001,21(9)：145-149.
[20]Bray J D, Seed R B. Earthquake fault ruPture Propagation through soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120 (3):543-561.
[21]张倬元,王士天,黄润秋等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京：地质出版社.2009,176-185.
[22]苏生瑞,黄润秋,王士天.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,44-110.
[23]黄润秋,徐强等.地质灾害过程模拟和过程控制研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2002,140-145.
[24]胡聿贤.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京：地质出版社.2007,368-376.
[25]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3)
[26]吴景发.汶川地震灾后重建避让距离研究[D].中国地震局工程地质力学研究所,2009年.
[27]梁小华.蒋溥等.断裂地震地表断错危险性评价[J].地震地质,2002.24(4)：495-502.
[28]邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题[J].地震地质,2002.24(4)601-605.
[29]于爱国,马巍等.活动断裂地震变形与重大工程场地安全距离研究[J].地震研究所,2005,28(4)：359-364.
[30]侯康明,李丽梅,黄耘.汶川8级大震震害特征和发震断裂运动方式探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(3)：388-392.
[31]林茂柄.汶川大地震与龙门山构造带[J].成都理工大学学报,2008,35(4)：364-370.
[32]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1)46-55.
[33]李英民,刘立平等.汶川地震建筑震害与思考[M].重庆大学出版社,2008,18(1)
[34]四川省地质局第二区测队.中华人民共和国地质图1：20万茂汶幅、灌县幅[R].成都：四川省地质矿产局,1976.
[35]李英民,刘立平等.汶川地震建筑震害与思考[M].重庆大学出版社,2008,18(1)
[36]温瑞智,周正华,孙平善,等.断层场地地震动分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1)：21-27.
[37]Aki. Seismic DisPlacements near a Fault[J]. J. G R.1968,73 (16):5359-5376.
[38]Fuis G S, Ryberg T, Godfreg N J, et al.2001. Crustal structure and tectonics from the Los Angeles Basin to Mo2 jave Desert, Southern California [J]. Geology,29 (1):15-18.
[39]Yeats R S, Sieh K, Allen C R.1997. The geology of earthquakes[M]. New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press.473-485.
[40]Cornell. Engineering seismic risk analysis[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1968.58 (5):1583-1606.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |