MS银行发展小微企业金融合作社互助基金的对策研究
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摘要
小微企业作为中小企业的一部分,占全国企业总数的99%左右,为国内就业和经济发展提供了强大的动力,成为我国经济增长不可或缺的重要部分和经济发展、社会安定的稳定器。但其融资难问题却显得十分突出,鉴于目前的状况,不仅国家政策予以相应支持,国内各商业银行也应该适时推出小微信贷产品,在扩大小微企业服务范围的同时提高服务质量。
MS银行小微企业金融合作社互助基金的推行势在必行：一方面,不仅国内关于小微企业融资支持环境在优化,国际上小微企业融资支持的经验也值得国内商业银行借鉴；另一方面,银行自身追求利润及市场竞争加剧等微观因素也推动着商业银行的信贷产品创新。
MS银行小微企业金融合作社互助基金的基本内容就是通过“小微企业金融合作社”与“互助基金”协调运作,为小微客户提供包括贷款在内的前面的金融服务。该产品既有同于传统信贷产品的贷前、贷中、贷后管理流程,也有异于传统信贷产品的盈利能力及产品创新点,包括：理念创新、模式创新、管理创新及服务创新。
通过对该产品的概念、运作策略及创新点进行分析后,我们发现该产品面临着以下七方面的问题：第一,产品缺乏品牌影响力；第二,传统授信管理制度与小微企业贷款特点不匹配；第三,传统风险管理体系与小微企业贷款特点不匹配；第四,小微信贷产品覆盖面窄；第五,小微客户风险管理成本高；第六,来自其他商业银行发展特色小微信贷产品的压力；第七,国家政策法律支持力度薄弱。基于以上问题,总结出了七条对策,包括：加强品牌宣传、完善授信管理制度、完善风险管理体系、强客户管理和提高服务质量、建设小微专业银行和村镇银行、加强团队建设、争取政策支持和法律保护。
MS银行发展小微企业金融合作社互助基金的对策研究是基于“小微企业金融合作社互助基金”视角的金融信贷产品分析,在理论上,以实例的形式丰富小微金融产品理论,从而改善国内理论体系不成熟的现状；在实践上,一方面为解决小微企业贷款难探索新的模式,从而让国内小微企业享受更为全面及高质量的金融服务,另一方面,在研究该产品对策策略的基础上,为其他银行提供技术借鉴与经验支持。
As a part of the small and medium-sized enterprises, small micro enterprises accounting for about99%of the total number of national enterprises, for the domestic employment and economic development provides a powerful momentum, become an important part of economic growth and economic development, social stability and stabilizer. But its financing difficult problem is very outstanding, given the current situation, which not only national policy support, the domestic commercial Banks should also be timely launch of small micro credit products, in expanding the horizons of small micro enterprise services at the same time improve the quality of service.
Small micro enterprise financial cooperative mutual funds of CMBC introduce imperative:on the one hand, not only the domestic of small micro enterprise financing support environment in optimization, the small micro enterprise financing support on international experience is worthy of reference for domestic commercial Banks; The Banks themselves, on the other hand, the pursuit of profit and microscopic factors such as market competition intensifies also promotes the credit product innovation of commercial Banks.
The basic content of small micro enterprise financial cooperatives mutual funds of CMBC is through the "small micro enterprise financial cooperatives" and "mutual fund" coordination, for small micro in front of customers, including loans, financial services. Before the products are different from traditional credit products of credit, credit and post-loan management process, there are different from traditional credit product profitability and product innovations, including:concept innovation, model innovation, management innovation and service innovation.
Based on the concept of the product, operation strategies and innovative analysis, we found that the product is facing the following seven aspects:first, the products are lack of brand influence; Second, the traditional credit management system and the small micro enterprise loan features do not match; Third, the traditional risk management system and small micro enterprise loan features do not match; Fourth, small micro credit products coverage is narrow; Fifth, small micro client risk management cost is high; Sixth, from other commercial Banks developing characteristic small micro credit products pressure;7, the national policy, legal support is weak. Based on the above problems, summarizes seven pieces of countermeasures, including:strengthening brand awareness, improve the credit management system, perfect risk management system, customer management and improving service quality, construction of small micro specialized Banks and rural Banks, strengthen the team building, strive for policy support and legal protection.
The CMBC developing small micro enterprise financial cooperatives the counter-measure research of mutual funds is based on "small micro enterprise financial cooperatives mutual funds" point of view of financial credit product analysis, in theory, in the form of instances of rich small micro theory of financial products, to improve the present situation of the domestic theoretical system is not mature; In practice, on the one hand, in order to solve small micro enterprise loan is difficult to explore the new mode, so that the domestic small micro enterprises enjoy a more comprehensive and high quality financial services, on the other hand, on the basis of the study countermeasures to the product strategy, to provide technical reference for other Banks and empirical support.
MS银行小微企业金融合作社互助基金的推行势在必行：一方面,不仅国内关于小微企业融资支持环境在优化,国际上小微企业融资支持的经验也值得国内商业银行借鉴；另一方面,银行自身追求利润及市场竞争加剧等微观因素也推动着商业银行的信贷产品创新。
MS银行小微企业金融合作社互助基金的基本内容就是通过“小微企业金融合作社”与“互助基金”协调运作,为小微客户提供包括贷款在内的前面的金融服务。该产品既有同于传统信贷产品的贷前、贷中、贷后管理流程,也有异于传统信贷产品的盈利能力及产品创新点,包括：理念创新、模式创新、管理创新及服务创新。
通过对该产品的概念、运作策略及创新点进行分析后,我们发现该产品面临着以下七方面的问题：第一,产品缺乏品牌影响力；第二,传统授信管理制度与小微企业贷款特点不匹配；第三,传统风险管理体系与小微企业贷款特点不匹配；第四,小微信贷产品覆盖面窄；第五,小微客户风险管理成本高；第六,来自其他商业银行发展特色小微信贷产品的压力；第七,国家政策法律支持力度薄弱。基于以上问题,总结出了七条对策,包括：加强品牌宣传、完善授信管理制度、完善风险管理体系、强客户管理和提高服务质量、建设小微专业银行和村镇银行、加强团队建设、争取政策支持和法律保护。
MS银行发展小微企业金融合作社互助基金的对策研究是基于“小微企业金融合作社互助基金”视角的金融信贷产品分析,在理论上,以实例的形式丰富小微金融产品理论,从而改善国内理论体系不成熟的现状；在实践上,一方面为解决小微企业贷款难探索新的模式,从而让国内小微企业享受更为全面及高质量的金融服务,另一方面,在研究该产品对策策略的基础上,为其他银行提供技术借鉴与经验支持。
As a part of the small and medium-sized enterprises, small micro enterprises accounting for about99%of the total number of national enterprises, for the domestic employment and economic development provides a powerful momentum, become an important part of economic growth and economic development, social stability and stabilizer. But its financing difficult problem is very outstanding, given the current situation, which not only national policy support, the domestic commercial Banks should also be timely launch of small micro credit products, in expanding the horizons of small micro enterprise services at the same time improve the quality of service.
Small micro enterprise financial cooperative mutual funds of CMBC introduce imperative:on the one hand, not only the domestic of small micro enterprise financing support environment in optimization, the small micro enterprise financing support on international experience is worthy of reference for domestic commercial Banks; The Banks themselves, on the other hand, the pursuit of profit and microscopic factors such as market competition intensifies also promotes the credit product innovation of commercial Banks.
The basic content of small micro enterprise financial cooperatives mutual funds of CMBC is through the "small micro enterprise financial cooperatives" and "mutual fund" coordination, for small micro in front of customers, including loans, financial services. Before the products are different from traditional credit products of credit, credit and post-loan management process, there are different from traditional credit product profitability and product innovations, including:concept innovation, model innovation, management innovation and service innovation.
Based on the concept of the product, operation strategies and innovative analysis, we found that the product is facing the following seven aspects:first, the products are lack of brand influence; Second, the traditional credit management system and the small micro enterprise loan features do not match; Third, the traditional risk management system and small micro enterprise loan features do not match; Fourth, small micro credit products coverage is narrow; Fifth, small micro client risk management cost is high; Sixth, from other commercial Banks developing characteristic small micro credit products pressure;7, the national policy, legal support is weak. Based on the above problems, summarizes seven pieces of countermeasures, including:strengthening brand awareness, improve the credit management system, perfect risk management system, customer management and improving service quality, construction of small micro specialized Banks and rural Banks, strengthen the team building, strive for policy support and legal protection.
The CMBC developing small micro enterprise financial cooperatives the counter-measure research of mutual funds is based on "small micro enterprise financial cooperatives mutual funds" point of view of financial credit product analysis, in theory, in the form of instances of rich small micro theory of financial products, to improve the present situation of the domestic theoretical system is not mature; In practice, on the one hand, in order to solve small micro enterprise loan is difficult to explore the new mode, so that the domestic small micro enterprises enjoy a more comprehensive and high quality financial services, on the other hand, on the basis of the study countermeasures to the product strategy, to provide technical reference for other Banks and empirical support.
引文
[1]陈学光.商业银行金融产品创新研究[D].[硕士学位论文].福建：福建农林大学,2012
[2]FSS:New Proposal for Operational Risk Measurement of Small/Medium Size Banks[J].FSS Financial Forum research paper January 2003.43
[3]王爱俭.金融创新与风险管理[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1996：65～80
[4]Kaminsky and Reinhart.The Twin Crises:The Cause of Banking and Balance-of-Payment Problem[J].American Economic Review, June 1999:80-102
[5]Douglas W. Diamond& Rajan. Liquidity Risk,Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility:Theory of Banking[J].Journal of Political Economic,2001(2):109.
[6]庄毓敏.商业银行业务与经营[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005(2)：128～148
[7]Chen.Z.Financial Innovation and Arbitrage Pricing in Frictional Economies [J]. Journal of Economic Theory,1999(65):117-135
[8]黄少安等.我国金融产品创新的机制选择和政策建议[J].理论学刊,2011(3)
[9]张旭.金融深化、经济转轨与银行稳定研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007(2),32～43
[10]郭图新.中国中小企业发展政策法律支持体系的研究[D].[博士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010
[11]庞华玮.2013信贷定调：重小微防平台[EB/OL].http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20130223/005914622550.shtml,2013-02-23.
[12]张铁强,蔡键.商业银行金融产品创新研究：广东案例[J].南方金融,2006(6)
[13]于志永.我国商业银行金融产品创新及其风险控制研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津：南开大学,2007：17～35
[14]李敏,林娟.金融结构与金融创新动力相关性研究[J].商场现代化,2005(11)
[15]付金环.我国商业银行产品创新策略研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津：天津财经大学,2010：3～18
[16]鄂志寰.加人WTO与国内银行业体制创新[J].国际金融研究,2001(09)
[17]王进诚.对“十五”期间我国金融创新的思考[J].金融研究,2001(08).
[18]刘英.对现阶段我国国有商业银行金融创新的思考.[J]财经问题研究,2002(08).
[19]聂伟柱.小微贷款“春之声”：优惠政策二季度落实[EB]http://finance.qq.com/a/20120409/000384.htm,2012-04-09.
[20]石贝贝,但有为,李丹丹.金融危机之鉴：我们如何迈出创新的脚步?[DB].http://www.cnstock.com/paper_new/html/2008-10/14/content_65638925.htm,2008-10-14.
[21]武长河,李灿.中西方社会融创新动因比较分析[J].上海余融学院学报,2004(2)：89～91
[22]王德宇.W70框架下我国商业银行金融产品创新研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京：对外经济贸易大学,2007：22～30
[23]韩雪萌.银监会用差异化监管推进小企业金融服务[EB]http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20110302/06299454983.shtml,2011-03-02.
[24]严盖.商业银行业务创新的实践及加快创新步伐的建议[J].金融论坛,004(05).46
[28]吴利娜.开放条件下我国中小商业银行面临的挑战与对策[J].当代经理人,2006(8)：27～18
[26]何泽荣,傅瑜.后WTO时代中国商业银行的金融产品创新[J].西南金融,2007(4)：18～19
[27]潘敏.金融开放中我国银行业面临的风险与防范策略[J].宏观经济管理,2008(10)：88～90
[28]陈承生.后金融危机时期我国中小商业银行市场策略[J].现代商业.2010(15)：15-23
[29]刘曾友.商业银行金融产品创新中的风险类别及防控研究[J].商场现代化,2010(12).
[30]龙准,柴绪兵.试析商业银行金融产品创新的方向及其策略[J].中国市场,2010(10).
[31]姚瑜琳.我国商业银行产品创新中的制度约束及对策研究[J].上海金融,2009(4)：70～75
[32]胡剑平.商业银行金融产品创新的层次分析和中国银行业的创新方向[J].商业研究,2004(07).
[33]陈家剑.我国商业银行产品创新的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].山东：中国海洋学,2003：15～17
[34]Tufano. Financial Innovation[J].IEEE Network,2002(6):23～26
[35]李斌,林石.商业银行巨额利润的秘密[EB].http://finance.sina.com.cn/leadership/mroll/20120307/1 74811536395.shtml,2012-03-07.
[36]冯晴.论中国银行卡市场金融创新[J].国际金融研究,2003(05).
[37]薛鸿健.导航产品与商业银行产品创新的实践与思考[J].金融论坛,2006(12)
[38]徐进前.金融创新[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1998(1).56
[39]殷剑峰.中国金融产品与服务报告[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2007：322～388
[40]Shubik. Money and financial institutions[M]. Massachusetts:MIT Press,2000:60～64
[41]朱淑珍.金融创新与金融风险[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2002(2).73
[2]FSS:New Proposal for Operational Risk Measurement of Small/Medium Size Banks[J].FSS Financial Forum research paper January 2003.43
[3]王爱俭.金融创新与风险管理[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1996：65～80
[4]Kaminsky and Reinhart.The Twin Crises:The Cause of Banking and Balance-of-Payment Problem[J].American Economic Review, June 1999:80-102
[5]Douglas W. Diamond& Rajan. Liquidity Risk,Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility:Theory of Banking[J].Journal of Political Economic,2001(2):109.
[6]庄毓敏.商业银行业务与经营[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005(2)：128～148
[7]Chen.Z.Financial Innovation and Arbitrage Pricing in Frictional Economies [J]. Journal of Economic Theory,1999(65):117-135
[8]黄少安等.我国金融产品创新的机制选择和政策建议[J].理论学刊,2011(3)
[9]张旭.金融深化、经济转轨与银行稳定研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007(2),32～43
[10]郭图新.中国中小企业发展政策法律支持体系的研究[D].[博士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010
[11]庞华玮.2013信贷定调：重小微防平台[EB/OL].http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20130223/005914622550.shtml,2013-02-23.
[12]张铁强,蔡键.商业银行金融产品创新研究：广东案例[J].南方金融,2006(6)
[13]于志永.我国商业银行金融产品创新及其风险控制研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津：南开大学,2007：17～35
[14]李敏,林娟.金融结构与金融创新动力相关性研究[J].商场现代化,2005(11)
[15]付金环.我国商业银行产品创新策略研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津：天津财经大学,2010：3～18
[16]鄂志寰.加人WTO与国内银行业体制创新[J].国际金融研究,2001(09)
[17]王进诚.对“十五”期间我国金融创新的思考[J].金融研究,2001(08).
[18]刘英.对现阶段我国国有商业银行金融创新的思考.[J]财经问题研究,2002(08).
[19]聂伟柱.小微贷款“春之声”：优惠政策二季度落实[EB]http://finance.qq.com/a/20120409/000384.htm,2012-04-09.
[20]石贝贝,但有为,李丹丹.金融危机之鉴：我们如何迈出创新的脚步?[DB].http://www.cnstock.com/paper_new/html/2008-10/14/content_65638925.htm,2008-10-14.
[21]武长河,李灿.中西方社会融创新动因比较分析[J].上海余融学院学报,2004(2)：89～91
[22]王德宇.W70框架下我国商业银行金融产品创新研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京：对外经济贸易大学,2007：22～30
[23]韩雪萌.银监会用差异化监管推进小企业金融服务[EB]http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20110302/06299454983.shtml,2011-03-02.
[24]严盖.商业银行业务创新的实践及加快创新步伐的建议[J].金融论坛,004(05).46
[28]吴利娜.开放条件下我国中小商业银行面临的挑战与对策[J].当代经理人,2006(8)：27～18
[26]何泽荣,傅瑜.后WTO时代中国商业银行的金融产品创新[J].西南金融,2007(4)：18～19
[27]潘敏.金融开放中我国银行业面临的风险与防范策略[J].宏观经济管理,2008(10)：88～90
[28]陈承生.后金融危机时期我国中小商业银行市场策略[J].现代商业.2010(15)：15-23
[29]刘曾友.商业银行金融产品创新中的风险类别及防控研究[J].商场现代化,2010(12).
[30]龙准,柴绪兵.试析商业银行金融产品创新的方向及其策略[J].中国市场,2010(10).
[31]姚瑜琳.我国商业银行产品创新中的制度约束及对策研究[J].上海金融,2009(4)：70～75
[32]胡剑平.商业银行金融产品创新的层次分析和中国银行业的创新方向[J].商业研究,2004(07).
[33]陈家剑.我国商业银行产品创新的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].山东：中国海洋学,2003：15～17
[34]Tufano. Financial Innovation[J].IEEE Network,2002(6):23～26
[35]李斌,林石.商业银行巨额利润的秘密[EB].http://finance.sina.com.cn/leadership/mroll/20120307/1 74811536395.shtml,2012-03-07.
[36]冯晴.论中国银行卡市场金融创新[J].国际金融研究,2003(05).
[37]薛鸿健.导航产品与商业银行产品创新的实践与思考[J].金融论坛,2006(12)
[38]徐进前.金融创新[M].北京：中国金融出版社,1998(1).56
[39]殷剑峰.中国金融产品与服务报告[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2007：322～388
[40]Shubik. Money and financial institutions[M]. Massachusetts:MIT Press,2000:60～64
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