无线Mesh网络中的负载均衡算法研究及数据回收实现
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摘要
随着无线技术的快速发展,无线网络已经深入应用于人们生活的各个方面,在大规模的数据传输网络中,无线Mesh网络成为一种能够有效拓展网络规模的有效技术。无线Mesh网络即“网状网”,它成功融合了WLAN与Ad hoc的优势,采用多点对多点的网状结构。Mesh网络不仅能够快速部署、易于安装,而且结构灵活并具有很强的健壮性。当网络负载水平很高时,系统的不平衡使得网络局部区域非常容易出现拥塞。针对无线Mesh网络的负载均衡问题,本文旨在研究可实用的Mesh负载均衡路由机制,并在Linux操作系统上实现路由算法。
本文的主要工作如下：
1)提出了改进的基于多网关多径路由协议的负载均衡机制(Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing with Congestion Aware, MGMP-CA),该机制具有负载实时感知能力,在发送数据时,MGMP-CA使数据包沿着负载水平最低的路径发送,从而平衡网络负载。
2)基于0MNet++实现了路由算法的仿真,进行了仿真测试,结果证明该机制能够有效降低网络的丢包率,提高网络的吞吐率。
3)在Linux操作系统上实现了MGMP-CA路由,实际验证了MGMP-CA均衡负载的效果。
论文详细阐述了改进的负载均衡路由MGMP-CA的算法思想,给出了算法性能的仿真结果,并给出了算法的Linux实现过程。
With the development of wireless technology, Wireless Network has blended in every aspect of our lives. In extensive data transmitting network,Mesh has been an effective method which can expand the scope of network.Mesh,combined advantages of WLAN and Ad hoc,adopts the network architechture of multipoint to multipoint. Mesh not only can be deployed easily but also be robust and flexible. Unbalanced strategy of Mesh network can trigger zone congestion easily during the network is under high level load. This paper aim to work out a strategy which can balance the load of networks perfectly and be carried out easily on Linux.
The thesis's main work is:
(1) A new sort of load balancing strategy which is based on Multi-Gates Multi-Paths route is brought out. It can be called MGMP-CA for short. The characteristic of the new strategy is the congestion aware function by which router can forward packets along the path which has the lowest congestion level.
(2) A test on OMNet++is developed, the results prove that it can lower the loss percentage of packet and increase the throughput of the network.
(3) The method of carrying out MGMP-CA on Linux is given and the effect of MGMP-CA has been tested by fact.
The thesis elaborate how the MGMP-CA works and show the result of simulation testing.It also give the method of realizing.
本文的主要工作如下：
1)提出了改进的基于多网关多径路由协议的负载均衡机制(Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing with Congestion Aware, MGMP-CA),该机制具有负载实时感知能力,在发送数据时,MGMP-CA使数据包沿着负载水平最低的路径发送,从而平衡网络负载。
2)基于0MNet++实现了路由算法的仿真,进行了仿真测试,结果证明该机制能够有效降低网络的丢包率,提高网络的吞吐率。
3)在Linux操作系统上实现了MGMP-CA路由,实际验证了MGMP-CA均衡负载的效果。
论文详细阐述了改进的负载均衡路由MGMP-CA的算法思想,给出了算法性能的仿真结果,并给出了算法的Linux实现过程。
With the development of wireless technology, Wireless Network has blended in every aspect of our lives. In extensive data transmitting network,Mesh has been an effective method which can expand the scope of network.Mesh,combined advantages of WLAN and Ad hoc,adopts the network architechture of multipoint to multipoint. Mesh not only can be deployed easily but also be robust and flexible. Unbalanced strategy of Mesh network can trigger zone congestion easily during the network is under high level load. This paper aim to work out a strategy which can balance the load of networks perfectly and be carried out easily on Linux.
The thesis's main work is:
(1) A new sort of load balancing strategy which is based on Multi-Gates Multi-Paths route is brought out. It can be called MGMP-CA for short. The characteristic of the new strategy is the congestion aware function by which router can forward packets along the path which has the lowest congestion level.
(2) A test on OMNet++is developed, the results prove that it can lower the loss percentage of packet and increase the throughput of the network.
(3) The method of carrying out MGMP-CA on Linux is given and the effect of MGMP-CA has been tested by fact.
The thesis elaborate how the MGMP-CA works and show the result of simulation testing.It also give the method of realizing.
引文
[1]方旭明等,“下一代无线因特网技术：无线Mesh网络,”北京：人民邮电出版社,2006年5月.
[2]王金龙,王呈贵,《Ad Hoc移动无线网络》
[3]Ian F Akyildiz,Xudong Wang and Weilin Wang,"Wireless mesh networks:a survey,"Computer Networks,Mar.2005,47(4):445-487.
[4]Thomas H.Cormen, Charles E.Leiserson, Ronald L.Rivest, Clifford Stein,《算法导论(第二版)》,2006,P362-366
[5]郑彦光,徐平平,常瑞.无线Mesh网络技术及其应用.电力系统通信.2007,28(177)：16-20
[6]吴凡,毛玉明,张科.无线Mesb网络关键技术.中兴通讯技术.2008,14(2)：25-29.
[7]罗济军,胡宏林.无线网状网：架构、协议与标准.北京：电子工业出版社,2008,341-343
[8]S.Waharte, B.Ishibashi, R.Boutaba, "Interference-Aware Routing Metric for Improved Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Network", ICC 2008 at direction of IEEE Communication Society subject matter experts for publication.
[9]Ching-Ju Lin, Cheng-Fu Chou, "Route-Aware Load-Balanced Resource Allocation for Wireless Mesh Networks", WCNC 2007 at direction of IEEE Communication Society subject matter experts for publication.
[10]Chunxiao Liu, Guiran Chang, Jie Jia, Lizhong Jin,"A Load Balanced Routing Protocol Based on Ant Colony Algorithm For Wireless Mesh Networks", 2011 Fifth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing.
[11]IEEE Task Group.IEEE 802.11s Standard Draft 1.07[S].2007.
[12]J.Hauser.Draft PAR for IEEE 802.11 ESS Mesh,IEEE Document Number:IEEE 802.11-03/759r2
[13]IEEE P802.11s/D3.02,Draft amendment to standard IEEE 802.11:ESS mesh networking[S].2009
[14]肖晓丽,张卫平,康忠毅,龚晓萍HWMP协议的路径选择参数的研究与改进.计算机工程与应用,2008,44(23)
[15]BAHR M.Updaie on the Hybrid wireless mesh protocol of IEEE 802.lis[EB/OL].[2010-11-10]. http://user.cs.ta-berlin.de/～homant/ieee_802.11s/04428721.pdf
[16]王兰忠,候萌,徐元.基于Zigbee簇树路由的链路寻址方式改进,小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6)
[17]ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06 Version1.0[S],2004
[18]C.Perkins,et al. "ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV) Routing," IEIF Internet Draft,draft-ietf-manet-aodv-13.txt,Jul.2003.Available; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt
[19]Charles E. Perkins, Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing[J],Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,1999.
[20]陈晓曙,李霞.一种高效的ad Hoc网络AODV改进路由协议,东南大学学报,2003,33(2)
[21]K.-H. Kim and K.GShin. On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In:Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom),2006.
[22]Y.Yang,J.Wang,and R.Kravets,'Designing routing metrics for mesh networks',IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks,2005.
[23]Douglas S.J.De Couto,Daniel Aguayo,John Bicket,and Robert Morris.A High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing[A],proceedings of the Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom03)[C].San Diego, California:ACM SIGMOBILE,2003
[24]Liang Ma and Mieso K.Denko, "A Routing Metric for Load-Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks",21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops(AINAW'07)
[25]Lakshmanan H S,Sundaresan K,Sivakumar R.On muti-gateway association in wireless mesh networks. In:Proceedings of IEEE WiMesh,2006,64-73
[26]Iqbal M,Xinheng W,Wertheim D,et al.Load balanced multiple gateway support in wireless mesh networks for broadband services.In:Proc of 18h Annual Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications(WOCC 2009),2009,l-5
[27]Deepti Nandiraju,Lakshmi Santhanam, Nagesh Nandiraju,et al.Achieving Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks Through Multiple Gateways.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor System(MASS'06),2006,807-812
[28]Ramachandran K N,Buddhikot M M,Chandranmenon G,et al.On the Design and Implementation of Infrastructure Mesh Networks. In:Proc of IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks(WiMesh),2005,1-12
[29]Raniwala A,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network.In:Proc of INFOCOM Joint 24th Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.2005, 2223—2234
[30]Chifu H,Hungwei L,Yuchee T.A Two-Tier Heterogeneous Mobile Ad hoc Network Architecture and its load-balance routing problem.In:Proc of Vehicular Technology Conference,2003,2163-2167
[31]Gungor V C,Pasquale P,Natalizio E.AR-TP:An Adaptive and Responsive Transport Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Communications,2007,3740-3745
[32]EIRakabawy S M, Klemm A, Lindemann C. Gateway adaptive pacing for TCP across multihop wireless networks and the Internet. In:Proc of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems,2006,173-182
[33]Ching-Lung Chang,Member,IEEE and Tung-Li Lin,"A Load-balanced Routing Consideration with Delay-based RREQ Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks", The 2008 International Conference on Embeded Software and System(ICESS2008)
[34]Yun Hu,Weiqing He,Shoubao Yang and Yuan Zhou, "Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing Protocol for 802.11s WMN",2010 IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing,Networking and Communications
[35]Keun-Woo Lim,Young-Bae Ko,Sung-Hee Lee Sangjoon Park, "Congestion-aware Multi-Gateway Routing for Wireless Mesh Video Surveillance Networks",20118th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor,Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
[36]Varga A. OMNeT++User Manual. Technical Document, Available at http://www.omnetpp.org/index.php,2009-4-1
[37]OMNET Developer. OMNET++Network Simulation Framework[EB/OL]. (2010-11-21).Http://www.omnetpp.org/.
[38]陈果,尹治本Linux防火墙的研究与设计[J].网络安全技术与应用,2003,2
[39]刘君尧Linux下基于Netfilier的防火端设计[J],微机发展,2003,13
[40]Russell R,Welte H,McHardy P,et al.Netfilter/iptables Project Homepage. www.netfilter.org,2008-3-11
[41]朱志伟,周清雷Netfilter/Iptable防火墙的控制与使用[J].网络安全技术与应用,2005,13
[42]Robert Love,《Linux内核设计与实现》第三版,P245-251
[43]Sameer Seth,M.Ajaykumar Venkatesulu,《TCP/IP架构、设计及应用》,P161-181
[2]王金龙,王呈贵,《Ad Hoc移动无线网络》
[3]Ian F Akyildiz,Xudong Wang and Weilin Wang,"Wireless mesh networks:a survey,"Computer Networks,Mar.2005,47(4):445-487.
[4]Thomas H.Cormen, Charles E.Leiserson, Ronald L.Rivest, Clifford Stein,《算法导论(第二版)》,2006,P362-366
[5]郑彦光,徐平平,常瑞.无线Mesh网络技术及其应用.电力系统通信.2007,28(177)：16-20
[6]吴凡,毛玉明,张科.无线Mesb网络关键技术.中兴通讯技术.2008,14(2)：25-29.
[7]罗济军,胡宏林.无线网状网：架构、协议与标准.北京：电子工业出版社,2008,341-343
[8]S.Waharte, B.Ishibashi, R.Boutaba, "Interference-Aware Routing Metric for Improved Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Network", ICC 2008 at direction of IEEE Communication Society subject matter experts for publication.
[9]Ching-Ju Lin, Cheng-Fu Chou, "Route-Aware Load-Balanced Resource Allocation for Wireless Mesh Networks", WCNC 2007 at direction of IEEE Communication Society subject matter experts for publication.
[10]Chunxiao Liu, Guiran Chang, Jie Jia, Lizhong Jin,"A Load Balanced Routing Protocol Based on Ant Colony Algorithm For Wireless Mesh Networks", 2011 Fifth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing.
[11]IEEE Task Group.IEEE 802.11s Standard Draft 1.07[S].2007.
[12]J.Hauser.Draft PAR for IEEE 802.11 ESS Mesh,IEEE Document Number:IEEE 802.11-03/759r2
[13]IEEE P802.11s/D3.02,Draft amendment to standard IEEE 802.11:ESS mesh networking[S].2009
[14]肖晓丽,张卫平,康忠毅,龚晓萍HWMP协议的路径选择参数的研究与改进.计算机工程与应用,2008,44(23)
[15]BAHR M.Updaie on the Hybrid wireless mesh protocol of IEEE 802.lis[EB/OL].[2010-11-10]. http://user.cs.ta-berlin.de/～homant/ieee_802.11s/04428721.pdf
[16]王兰忠,候萌,徐元.基于Zigbee簇树路由的链路寻址方式改进,小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6)
[17]ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06 Version1.0[S],2004
[18]C.Perkins,et al. "ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV) Routing," IEIF Internet Draft,draft-ietf-manet-aodv-13.txt,Jul.2003.Available; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt
[19]Charles E. Perkins, Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing[J],Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,1999.
[20]陈晓曙,李霞.一种高效的ad Hoc网络AODV改进路由协议,东南大学学报,2003,33(2)
[21]K.-H. Kim and K.GShin. On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In:Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom),2006.
[22]Y.Yang,J.Wang,and R.Kravets,'Designing routing metrics for mesh networks',IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks,2005.
[23]Douglas S.J.De Couto,Daniel Aguayo,John Bicket,and Robert Morris.A High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing[A],proceedings of the Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom03)[C].San Diego, California:ACM SIGMOBILE,2003
[24]Liang Ma and Mieso K.Denko, "A Routing Metric for Load-Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks",21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops(AINAW'07)
[25]Lakshmanan H S,Sundaresan K,Sivakumar R.On muti-gateway association in wireless mesh networks. In:Proceedings of IEEE WiMesh,2006,64-73
[26]Iqbal M,Xinheng W,Wertheim D,et al.Load balanced multiple gateway support in wireless mesh networks for broadband services.In:Proc of 18h Annual Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications(WOCC 2009),2009,l-5
[27]Deepti Nandiraju,Lakshmi Santhanam, Nagesh Nandiraju,et al.Achieving Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks Through Multiple Gateways.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor System(MASS'06),2006,807-812
[28]Ramachandran K N,Buddhikot M M,Chandranmenon G,et al.On the Design and Implementation of Infrastructure Mesh Networks. In:Proc of IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks(WiMesh),2005,1-12
[29]Raniwala A,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network.In:Proc of INFOCOM Joint 24th Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.2005, 2223—2234
[30]Chifu H,Hungwei L,Yuchee T.A Two-Tier Heterogeneous Mobile Ad hoc Network Architecture and its load-balance routing problem.In:Proc of Vehicular Technology Conference,2003,2163-2167
[31]Gungor V C,Pasquale P,Natalizio E.AR-TP:An Adaptive and Responsive Transport Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Communications,2007,3740-3745
[32]EIRakabawy S M, Klemm A, Lindemann C. Gateway adaptive pacing for TCP across multihop wireless networks and the Internet. In:Proc of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems,2006,173-182
[33]Ching-Lung Chang,Member,IEEE and Tung-Li Lin,"A Load-balanced Routing Consideration with Delay-based RREQ Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks", The 2008 International Conference on Embeded Software and System(ICESS2008)
[34]Yun Hu,Weiqing He,Shoubao Yang and Yuan Zhou, "Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing Protocol for 802.11s WMN",2010 IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing,Networking and Communications
[35]Keun-Woo Lim,Young-Bae Ko,Sung-Hee Lee Sangjoon Park, "Congestion-aware Multi-Gateway Routing for Wireless Mesh Video Surveillance Networks",20118th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor,Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
[36]Varga A. OMNeT++User Manual. Technical Document, Available at http://www.omnetpp.org/index.php,2009-4-1
[37]OMNET Developer. OMNET++Network Simulation Framework[EB/OL]. (2010-11-21).Http://www.omnetpp.org/.
[38]陈果,尹治本Linux防火墙的研究与设计[J].网络安全技术与应用,2003,2
[39]刘君尧Linux下基于Netfilier的防火端设计[J],微机发展,2003,13
[40]Russell R,Welte H,McHardy P,et al.Netfilter/iptables Project Homepage. www.netfilter.org,2008-3-11
[41]朱志伟,周清雷Netfilter/Iptable防火墙的控制与使用[J].网络安全技术与应用,2005,13
[42]Robert Love,《Linux内核设计与实现》第三版,P245-251
[43]Sameer Seth,M.Ajaykumar Venkatesulu,《TCP/IP架构、设计及应用》,P161-181
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