冷却塔复合地源热泵系统控制策略研究
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摘要
冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统因其稳定、高效、节能、环保在世界范围内得到了广泛的研究与应用,而其控制系统对其能否长期稳定、高效运行起着决定性作用。所以,有关冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统控制的研究已成为地源热泵领域的热门研究课题之一。
目前对冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统控制的研究主要是通过对特定系统在典型年参数条件下进行模拟仿真,缺乏对当地气象参数的分析,这就导致了对室外气候条件的利用不够充分。同时现有的控制策略也没有与实际负荷变化进行耦合动态分析,实际运行中适应性较差,系统不一定能达到在土壤冬夏季取放热量平衡的前提下综合能效最高的的目的。所以系统在现有的控制策略控制下运行很可能会失去其稳定、节能的特点。
本文分析总结了冷却塔复合地源热泵系统既有控制策略存在的缺陷,提出了评价冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统运行控制策略的方法,分析了影响其控制效果的因素,并以此为基础提出了一种动态控制策略—分时段温差控制。
.针对一具体冷却塔复合地源热泵系统,采用TRNSYS软件搭建了系统在不同控制策略控制下运行的仿真模型。通过模拟,从土壤的冬夏季取放热量平衡、系统的运行能耗、系统能否长期满足空调要求和控制策略的动态适应性四个方面分析比较了分时段温差控制策略与既有控制策略的优略。
针对合肥南站的冷却塔复合地源热泵系统,设计了一套以分时段温差控制作为控制策略的控制系统,使系统在动态负荷下能够保证土壤冬夏季取放热量平衡的前提下综合能效更低,更好地满足空调需求。
基于以上的研究分析,本文最终得出了一些关于冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统运行控制的结论,并给出了一些建议。
Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system is studied and applied widely around the world because of its steady performance, high efficiencey, energy saving, and environment friendly, however, its performance depends on the control strategies. So, the study about the control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system has being one of the most hot problem in Ground Source Heat Pump area.
So far, the research method about control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system is mainly by the simulation of specific system on the conditon of typical year's parameter which lacks analysis of meteorological parameter. It conduces to that outdoor's weather condition is under-utilised. Synchronously, the existing control stategys don't connect with dynamic building load.Their flexibility is bad in the actual motion, and can not always reach the aim that make the system get the highest integrate energy efficiency on the premise of ensuring annual ground heat energy balance. So, the system which runs with the controlling by the existing control stategys probably loses its characteristic of steady performance and energy saving.
The article mainly analysed the shortages of the existing control strategies firstly.An evaluation methodology used to evaluate the strategies'control effection is put forward and the article analysed the factors which influnent the effects of the system's controlling in theory, and then it put forward a dynamic control stategy,Time Interval with Temperature Difference Control(TITDC).
The article put up some simulation modles using the TRNSYS simulation software to simulate the running of a specific Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system controled by different control strategy. The performance of TITDC on all the critical parameters, such as annual ground heat energy balance, system running energy consumption, control strategy robust and load satisfied percentage for long term, are compared with conventional control strategies.
The article developed a control system used to control the He Fei south railway stayion's Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system which used the TITDC as the control strategy. The control system can reach the aim that make the air-conditioning system get the highest integrate energy efficiency on the premise of making the annual ground heat energy balance.
On the basis of the research and analysis above, the article came to some conclusions and gave some advices about running control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system finally.
目前对冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统控制的研究主要是通过对特定系统在典型年参数条件下进行模拟仿真,缺乏对当地气象参数的分析,这就导致了对室外气候条件的利用不够充分。同时现有的控制策略也没有与实际负荷变化进行耦合动态分析,实际运行中适应性较差,系统不一定能达到在土壤冬夏季取放热量平衡的前提下综合能效最高的的目的。所以系统在现有的控制策略控制下运行很可能会失去其稳定、节能的特点。
本文分析总结了冷却塔复合地源热泵系统既有控制策略存在的缺陷,提出了评价冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统运行控制策略的方法,分析了影响其控制效果的因素,并以此为基础提出了一种动态控制策略—分时段温差控制。
.针对一具体冷却塔复合地源热泵系统,采用TRNSYS软件搭建了系统在不同控制策略控制下运行的仿真模型。通过模拟,从土壤的冬夏季取放热量平衡、系统的运行能耗、系统能否长期满足空调要求和控制策略的动态适应性四个方面分析比较了分时段温差控制策略与既有控制策略的优略。
针对合肥南站的冷却塔复合地源热泵系统,设计了一套以分时段温差控制作为控制策略的控制系统,使系统在动态负荷下能够保证土壤冬夏季取放热量平衡的前提下综合能效更低,更好地满足空调需求。
基于以上的研究分析,本文最终得出了一些关于冷却塔复合地源热泵空调系统运行控制的结论,并给出了一些建议。
Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system is studied and applied widely around the world because of its steady performance, high efficiencey, energy saving, and environment friendly, however, its performance depends on the control strategies. So, the study about the control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system has being one of the most hot problem in Ground Source Heat Pump area.
So far, the research method about control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system is mainly by the simulation of specific system on the conditon of typical year's parameter which lacks analysis of meteorological parameter. It conduces to that outdoor's weather condition is under-utilised. Synchronously, the existing control stategys don't connect with dynamic building load.Their flexibility is bad in the actual motion, and can not always reach the aim that make the system get the highest integrate energy efficiency on the premise of ensuring annual ground heat energy balance. So, the system which runs with the controlling by the existing control stategys probably loses its characteristic of steady performance and energy saving.
The article mainly analysed the shortages of the existing control strategies firstly.An evaluation methodology used to evaluate the strategies'control effection is put forward and the article analysed the factors which influnent the effects of the system's controlling in theory, and then it put forward a dynamic control stategy,Time Interval with Temperature Difference Control(TITDC).
The article put up some simulation modles using the TRNSYS simulation software to simulate the running of a specific Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system controled by different control strategy. The performance of TITDC on all the critical parameters, such as annual ground heat energy balance, system running energy consumption, control strategy robust and load satisfied percentage for long term, are compared with conventional control strategies.
The article developed a control system used to control the He Fei south railway stayion's Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system which used the TITDC as the control strategy. The control system can reach the aim that make the air-conditioning system get the highest integrate energy efficiency on the premise of making the annual ground heat energy balance.
On the basis of the research and analysis above, the article came to some conclusions and gave some advices about running control of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning system with hybrid of cooling tower and ground source cooling water system finally.
引文
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[2]薛志峰.既有建筑节能诊断与改造[M].中国建筑工业出版社：序言.
[3]苏冰.中国建筑节能现状与趋势分析.经济研究导刊[J],2012,12.
[4]庄运超.复合地源热泵系统的长期经济运行策略研究[D].硕士学位论文.2012.
[5]雷飞.地源热泵空调系统运行建模研究及能效分析[D].博士论文.2011.
[6]秦玲.浅谈土壤源热泵系统技术及设计要点.林业科技情报[N],2011,43(2)：72.
[7]杨卫波,董华.土壤源热泵系统国内外研究现状及其发展前景[J].建筑热能通风空调,2003,3：52.
[8]杨卫波,施明恒.复合地源热泵系统(HGSHPS)的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2006,2(3)：20-26.
[9]肖益民,何雪冰,刘宪英.地源热泵空调系统的设计施工方法及应用实例[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-10.
[10]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能的空调技术[J].建筑节能,2001,(1)：41-43.
[11]殷平.地源热泵在中国[J].现代空调,2001(3)：1-9.
[12]李中领.地源热泵空调系统的工程应用与分析[J].建筑节能,2011,33卷6期,499.
[13]谢鹏.混合式地源热泵系统不同控制策略的分析比较[D].硕士学位论文.2008.
[14]张佩芳.地源热泵在国外的发展概况及其在我国应用前景初探[J].制冷与空调,2003,3(3)：12-15.
[15]吕悦,杨立平,周沫等.国内地源热泵应用情况调查报告[J].工程建设与设计,2005,(6)：5-10.
[16]曹晓玲.成都地区地源热泵系统换热特性研究[D].硕士学位论文.2010.
[17]Yanping Yuan,Xiaoling Cao,Liangliang Sun,Bo Lei,Nanyang Yu, Ground source heat pump system:A review of simulation in China[J],Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16 (9):6814-6822.
[18]美国制冷空调工程师协会编,徐伟等译.地源热泵工程技术指南[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[19]ASHARE. Commercial/institutional ground-source heat pump engineering manual[M]. Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineerings, Inc,1995.
[20]Gilbreath.C.S Hybrid Ground source Heat Pump System for commercial application [D]. Master's thesis. University ofAlabama, Tuscaloosa.1996.
[21]Kavanaugh. S.P, K. Rafferty. Ground-Source Heat Pumps:Design of geothermal systems for commercial and institutional buildings [M]. Atlanta:ASHRAE, Inc.1997.
[22]Kavanaugh.S.P. A design method for hybrid ground-source heat pumps [J]. ASHRAE transactions,1998,104(2):691-698.
[23]G. Phetteplace, W.Sullivan. Performance of a hybrid GCHP system [J]. ASHRAE transactions,1998,104(1):763-770.
[24]Singh. J. B., Foster G. Advantages of using the hybrid geothermal options [M]. The second Stockton College of New Jersey.1998.
[25]高娜.冷却塔土壤源联合运行热泵系统的优化[D].硕士学位论文.2007.
[26]Scott Hackel,Amanda Pertzborn. Effective design and operation of hybrid ground-source heat pumps:Three case studies [J].Energy and Buildings,2011,43(12).
[27]Yavuzturk.C., J.D.Spitler. Comparative study of operating and control strategies for hybrid ground source heat pump systems using a short time step simulation model [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,2000,106(2):192-209.
[28]Ramamoorthy, M., H.Jin, A. Chiasson, J.D. Spitler. Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems That usea Cooling Pond as a Supplemental Heat Rejecter-A System Simulation Approach [J]. ASHRAE transactions,2001,107(1): 26-38.
[29]Liu, X, S.J. Rees, J.D. Spitler. Simulation of a Gethermal Bridge Deck Anti-icing System and Experimental Validation [C]. Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C, January,2003.
[30]Liu, X, J.D. Spitler. Development and experimental Validation. of a numerical model for the hydronic bridge snow-melting system [J]. Summited to Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,2004.
[31]李助军.混合型地源热泵系统运行特性研究[D].硕士学位论文.2006.
[32]徐永军.重庆地区复合式地源热泵系统的应用及控制策略研究[D].硕士学位论文.2011.
[33]贾宇.重庆市冷却塔复合式地埋管地源热泵系统优化及控制研究[D].硕士学位论文.2011.
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