四川峨眉九里滑坡形成机理及稳定性研究
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摘要
滑坡是一种多发性的山地地质灾害,广泛分布在全球范围内,危害极为严重。它不仅给人民生命财产安全带来了威胁,而且对环境、资源等具有破坏性。近年来,随着世界经济建设的飞速发展,人口急剧增加,人类正在大规模地对山地斜坡进行开发,再加上2008年汶川特大地震使四川省地质条件发生了巨大改变,对地质环境产生了严重破坏,同时全球气候变暖,雨量增加,因而增大了斜坡变形破坏的规模,使崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害不断发生。可见,地质灾害防治工作的形势非常严峻。如今,对斜坡变形的主要研究趋势是通过对滑坡机理的认识研究,根据具体的滑动模式改善边坡稳定性分析的理论和方法,完善滑坡治理技术,逐步达到合理地治理和控制滑坡,对滑坡稳定性进行科学的评价和预测,以达到工程的合理性和经济性,同时也使人身财产安全得到保证。
本文在综合现场详细地质调查、变形监测资料和前人的研究成果基础上,对九里滑坡地质环境特征、变形现象、发育特征、形成因素及形成机理进行详细分析。从九里滑坡生成的地质环境特征、变形现象和发育特征分析入手,对滑坡形成条件和形成机制进行分析。同时,运用极限平衡分析方法和数值模拟方法重点对九里滑坡的稳定性和形成机理进行深入研究,并对九里滑坡的发展趋势进行了预测。综上分析,本文取得了以下主要研究成果：
(1)通过对现场地质调查结果分析,九里滑坡受前缘九沙河下切和降雨等诱发因素的影响下发生蠕滑变形。滑坡存在两个蠕滑变形面,其中浅层滑面现已完全贯通,而深层滑面尚未完全贯通。目前滑坡体处于蠕滑阶段,若遇强降雨,该滑坡会发生加速蠕滑,形成贯通的滑面而产生速滑,导致更大规模的岩质滑体的滑动。
(2)通过对现场地质调查结果和监测结果分析,掌握九里滑坡生成的地质环境特征、变形现象和发育特征,并对滑坡形成条件和形成机制进行分析。
(3)运用极限平衡分析方法和数值模拟方法分析,结果表明,天然状态下九里滑坡整体目前处于极限平衡状态,浅层滑体局部出现失稳现象,变形主要位于浅层滑体；暴雨饱和状态下九里滑坡整体处于不稳定状态,浅层滑体出现变形破坏,而深层滑体变形逐渐累加,有发展破坏的趋势。将计算成果对比九里滑坡现场地质分析可知,其分析结果是基本一致的,表明九里滑坡的计算模型、参数取值是合理的。
(4)将数值模拟分析结果和滑坡监测数据分析结果比较,可知其分析结果是相符的,说明经过稳定性分析得出来的九里滑坡形成机理与实际情况相符。
Landslide is a multiple geological disasters, which widely distribute in the world and cause serious damage. It not only threats people's life and property but also destructives to the environment and resources. In recent years, with the rapid development of the world economy and population increase, human beings are developing a large scale of the slope. Coupled with the2008Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, the geological condition has had the huge change, which caused serious damage to the geological environment. At the same time, the global climate warming and the increase of rainfall increases the deformation and failure of slope scale, which make collapse、landslide、debris flow occurred continuously. Therefore, the prevention of geological disaster situation is very serious. Now, the main research trend of slope deformation is through the study of the mechanism of landslide, according to the sliding mode to improve the theory and method of slope stability analysis and the landslide treatment technology. It gradually achieves the method of the reasonable treatment and control of landslide, scientific evaluation and prediction of landslide stability. It not only achieve the rationality and economy of engineering but also ensure the safety of property.
In thesis, it bases on detailed geological investigation, deformation monitoring data and previous research results. It analysis the geological environment characteristics、the phenomenon of deformation、growth characteristics、forming factors and formation mechanism of Jiuli landslide. Starting from the analysis of the geological environment characteristics、deformation phenomena and development characteristics of Jiuli landslide, it analysis formation conditions and formation mechanism of landslide. At the same time, the thesis uses analysis method of limit equilibrium and numerical simulation to study on stability and formation mechanism of Jiuli landslide in detail and predict the development tendency of Jiuli landslide. The thesis achieves the following major research result:
(1) Through the analysis of results of local geological investigation, Jiuli landslide is influenced by the Jiusha river incised and rainfall factors which occurred creep deformation. There are two creep deformation planes, the shallow plane is completely holing-through, while the deep plane is not completely holing-through. At present, the landslide is under in the creeping stage, in case of heavy rainfall, the landslide will fast creep, formed holing-through slide plane and occurred fast slide, leading to more large-scale rock mass slide.
(2) Through the analysis of results of local geological investigation and monitoring results, which grasp the geological environment characteristics、the phenomenon of deformation、growth characteristics of Jiuli landslide and analysis formation conditions and formation mechanism.
(3) Using the analysis method of limit equilibrium and numerical simulation, the results showed that, Jiuli landslide is in the state of limit equilibrium under natural conditions, the shallow sliding mass happen local instability, the deformation is mainly located in the shallow sliding mass; Jiuli landslide is in the state of instability under rain saturated conditions, the shallow sliding mass happen deformation failure, while the deep sliding mass's deformation gradually accumulate, which occurred trend of damage. Compared the calculation results with local geological analysis, we know that the analysis result is basically the same, which show that the calculation model and parameter is reasonable.
(4) Compared the numerical simulation results with monitoring results, we know the analysis results are consistent with the stability analysis, which show that Jiuli landslide formation mechanism consistent with the actual situation.
本文在综合现场详细地质调查、变形监测资料和前人的研究成果基础上,对九里滑坡地质环境特征、变形现象、发育特征、形成因素及形成机理进行详细分析。从九里滑坡生成的地质环境特征、变形现象和发育特征分析入手,对滑坡形成条件和形成机制进行分析。同时,运用极限平衡分析方法和数值模拟方法重点对九里滑坡的稳定性和形成机理进行深入研究,并对九里滑坡的发展趋势进行了预测。综上分析,本文取得了以下主要研究成果：
(1)通过对现场地质调查结果分析,九里滑坡受前缘九沙河下切和降雨等诱发因素的影响下发生蠕滑变形。滑坡存在两个蠕滑变形面,其中浅层滑面现已完全贯通,而深层滑面尚未完全贯通。目前滑坡体处于蠕滑阶段,若遇强降雨,该滑坡会发生加速蠕滑,形成贯通的滑面而产生速滑,导致更大规模的岩质滑体的滑动。
(2)通过对现场地质调查结果和监测结果分析,掌握九里滑坡生成的地质环境特征、变形现象和发育特征,并对滑坡形成条件和形成机制进行分析。
(3)运用极限平衡分析方法和数值模拟方法分析,结果表明,天然状态下九里滑坡整体目前处于极限平衡状态,浅层滑体局部出现失稳现象,变形主要位于浅层滑体；暴雨饱和状态下九里滑坡整体处于不稳定状态,浅层滑体出现变形破坏,而深层滑体变形逐渐累加,有发展破坏的趋势。将计算成果对比九里滑坡现场地质分析可知,其分析结果是基本一致的,表明九里滑坡的计算模型、参数取值是合理的。
(4)将数值模拟分析结果和滑坡监测数据分析结果比较,可知其分析结果是相符的,说明经过稳定性分析得出来的九里滑坡形成机理与实际情况相符。
Landslide is a multiple geological disasters, which widely distribute in the world and cause serious damage. It not only threats people's life and property but also destructives to the environment and resources. In recent years, with the rapid development of the world economy and population increase, human beings are developing a large scale of the slope. Coupled with the2008Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, the geological condition has had the huge change, which caused serious damage to the geological environment. At the same time, the global climate warming and the increase of rainfall increases the deformation and failure of slope scale, which make collapse、landslide、debris flow occurred continuously. Therefore, the prevention of geological disaster situation is very serious. Now, the main research trend of slope deformation is through the study of the mechanism of landslide, according to the sliding mode to improve the theory and method of slope stability analysis and the landslide treatment technology. It gradually achieves the method of the reasonable treatment and control of landslide, scientific evaluation and prediction of landslide stability. It not only achieve the rationality and economy of engineering but also ensure the safety of property.
In thesis, it bases on detailed geological investigation, deformation monitoring data and previous research results. It analysis the geological environment characteristics、the phenomenon of deformation、growth characteristics、forming factors and formation mechanism of Jiuli landslide. Starting from the analysis of the geological environment characteristics、deformation phenomena and development characteristics of Jiuli landslide, it analysis formation conditions and formation mechanism of landslide. At the same time, the thesis uses analysis method of limit equilibrium and numerical simulation to study on stability and formation mechanism of Jiuli landslide in detail and predict the development tendency of Jiuli landslide. The thesis achieves the following major research result:
(1) Through the analysis of results of local geological investigation, Jiuli landslide is influenced by the Jiusha river incised and rainfall factors which occurred creep deformation. There are two creep deformation planes, the shallow plane is completely holing-through, while the deep plane is not completely holing-through. At present, the landslide is under in the creeping stage, in case of heavy rainfall, the landslide will fast creep, formed holing-through slide plane and occurred fast slide, leading to more large-scale rock mass slide.
(2) Through the analysis of results of local geological investigation and monitoring results, which grasp the geological environment characteristics、the phenomenon of deformation、growth characteristics of Jiuli landslide and analysis formation conditions and formation mechanism.
(3) Using the analysis method of limit equilibrium and numerical simulation, the results showed that, Jiuli landslide is in the state of limit equilibrium under natural conditions, the shallow sliding mass happen local instability, the deformation is mainly located in the shallow sliding mass; Jiuli landslide is in the state of instability under rain saturated conditions, the shallow sliding mass happen deformation failure, while the deep sliding mass's deformation gradually accumulate, which occurred trend of damage. Compared the calculation results with local geological analysis, we know that the analysis result is basically the same, which show that the calculation model and parameter is reasonable.
(4) Compared the numerical simulation results with monitoring results, we know the analysis results are consistent with the stability analysis, which show that Jiuli landslide formation mechanism consistent with the actual situation.
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