传统物流企业向现代物流服务提供商转型关键问题研究
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摘要
当今世界,全球经济引擎正经历着由传统“工业经济”向“现代服务经济”转型的深刻变革。交通运输是国务院确定的发展现代服务业的优先领域,发展物流业又是重中之重。履行入世承诺的逐步深入,我国在航运、物流、货代等方面进一步放宽外商准入条件,外资的高端综合物流服务商企业在华的独资化趋势愈发明显,中国物流企业面临的国际化竞争加剧。如何整合现有的企业优势,积极拓展物流外延业务与服务,发展综合物流能力,最终建立可持续发展的核心竞争优势。这是所有业界人应该深入研究、不懈探索的理论问题,更是亟待解决的经营行策。
本文正是在此时代背景与现实要求下,着力探讨了我国传统大型物流企业向现代综合物流服务提供商转型过程中必然要解决的关键问题。文章主要由以下四个部分组成。
第一部分,进行了基本概念界定及相关理论研究综述。就本文所研究的现代物流、第三方物流企业、企业战略、企业核心竞争能力与供应链理论做了有效的概念明晰;就企业发展战略、企业核心竞争力、业务与组织机构优化理论、供应链及战略联盟理论的国内外研究成果进行了回顾、总结与比较,既是汲取前人研究成果的学习,又是尝试讲经典理论与本文着重研究的问题相结合的学术研究的基础。
第二部分,着重分析了现代物流服务市场的特征与我国物流服务企业所面临的战略选择。紧密结合时代特点与新近研究成果,就现代服务业与物流服务进行了初步分析。对现代物流服务市场和现代物流综合服务提供商进行了层次细分,同时深入比较研究了国内外多家高端物流服务提供商的经验与经营优势。并就我国物流服务市场及传统物流企业发展的现状与瓶颈做了深入的分析与剖析,随之提出了适应时代及客户要求的企业经营策略与战略选择。
第三部分,就转型过程中本文深入探讨的四个关键问题进行了逐一细致研究。就企业核心竞争力的构成要素,评价指标体系与分析模型,提升竞争力的有效途径及相应管理做分析与表述;就业务组合与流程再造的经典理论及其在我国第三方物流企业的业务流程优化做深入探讨,其中特别分析比较了多家业界高端企业的业务优势,斯以借鉴。我国物流企业的组织机构优化与创新部分,就其现状、成因、革新必要性进行了阐释,提出了重组的原理、思路、过程步骤及应注意的问题及优化后的有效管控。最后,就提升整体供应链竞争能力及战略联盟的伙伴选择与评价问题进行了研究,提出了相关影响因素及供应链竞争力的构造原则,论述了战略伙伴的选择、评价与谈判等问题,并对合作伙伴相互选择与合作进行了博弈分析。
第四部分,结合上文所作的学术与理论探讨,围绕企业转型中至为重要的上述四个问题,以中外运集团总公司为研究主体,就集团开展物流服务的发展沿革,现今面临的战略环境及发展机遇做了深入探讨,解决了中外运集团建立与发展企业核心竞争力、业务组合战略、组织机构创新与有效管控模式等转型中的关键问题,与企业集团进行战略合作的实例研究与分析,给出了相应的理论指导及实践措施。
The engine of the global economy has been undergoing a profound transformation from traditional "industrious economy" into "modern service industry economy." The state council of the People's Republic of China has given top priority to one of modern service's fields-transport, the most important of which is logistics.With the implementation of the commitments of China to the WTO, its government has granted the less constringent access threshold to the overseas enterprises in the such fields as shipping, logistics, freight forwarding services and so forth, enterprises of foreign capital in the high-end comprehensive logistics services thus imposing a more conspicuous trend operating only by themselves and their Chinese counterparts facing fiercer international competition. It is urgent that we integrate the advantages available, aggressively expand the extended businesses and service items of logistics, strengthen capacities in the comprehensive logistics and thus form our sustainable core competitiveness. The theme is a subject of theory we in this industry should explore and study and an operation policy that we should provide a quick answer for.
In answer to the call of the times and reality, the essay focuses mainly on the four key points which are supposed to be settled in the course of the transformation of large scale traditional enterprises of China into modern comprehensive services providers. The essay consists of four parts as follows:
Part 1, clarification of basic concepts and general introduction of studies in the field concemed.This part offers clear definitions, which are to be discussed in the article, of modern logistics, the third logistics, enterprise strategy, enterprise core competitive power and supply chain. It also retrospects, thus compares and summarizes the achievements of study home and abroad in terms of enterprise development strategy, enterprise core competitive power, optimization theory of business and organization, supply chain and strategic alliance theory. This is an activity that draws lessons from the former researchers and an attempt that elaborates theoretic foundation that integrates classic theory with realistic questions discussed in the article.
Part2, more emphases put on the characteristics of modern logistics services' market and strategic choices our enterprises now are facing. In combination with the characteristics of the times and latest research results, it provides a preliminary analysis of modern service industry and logistics services. It also illustrates hierarchical subdivision of modern logistics market and modern logistics services providers. Meanwhile, it demonstrates a comparative study of experiences and business advantages of high-end logistics enterprises home and abroad, a more profound analysis and research about China's logistics market and the state-of-the-art and bottle-necks of traditional logistics enterprises and the consequent enterprise management tactics and strategic choice that adjust to the need of the times and consumers.
Part 3, this part offers a thorough study of the four key points in the course of the transformation of enterprise. First, this part analyzes and illuminates the elements, the system of appraisal indicator, and the effective promoting mechanism and the according management of enterprise core competitive power. Second, it deals with classic theories of business mix and flow redesign and the optimization of business flow in the third logistics enterprises, especially a comparative study of business advantages of many high-end enterprises in this industry for reference. Third, it discourses the optimization and innovation of organization in China's logistics enterprises, demonstrating the-state-of-art, cause, necessity of the optimization and innovation of organization, putting forward the principles, orientation, steps and aspects concerned and thereafter effective control of the reshuffle. Fourth, it studies the subjects of how to enhance the competitive power of supply chain and how to choose and appraise strategic partners in the supply chain. It summarizes interrelated factors of the supply chain and construction principle of the supply chain.
Part 4, together with the above-mentioned academic and theoretic discussions, in respect to the four important key points in the transformation of enterprises, with Sinotrans as a study subject, this part elaborates on the history of its operating logistics services and its present strategic environment and opportunities of development. It solves the key problems of SINOTRANS in establishing and developing enterprise core competence, comprising business strategy, organization innovation and effective monitoring mode, and it gives relative theoretic instructions and measures through analysing and case study of strategic coopration between businesss group.
本文正是在此时代背景与现实要求下,着力探讨了我国传统大型物流企业向现代综合物流服务提供商转型过程中必然要解决的关键问题。文章主要由以下四个部分组成。
第一部分,进行了基本概念界定及相关理论研究综述。就本文所研究的现代物流、第三方物流企业、企业战略、企业核心竞争能力与供应链理论做了有效的概念明晰;就企业发展战略、企业核心竞争力、业务与组织机构优化理论、供应链及战略联盟理论的国内外研究成果进行了回顾、总结与比较,既是汲取前人研究成果的学习,又是尝试讲经典理论与本文着重研究的问题相结合的学术研究的基础。
第二部分,着重分析了现代物流服务市场的特征与我国物流服务企业所面临的战略选择。紧密结合时代特点与新近研究成果,就现代服务业与物流服务进行了初步分析。对现代物流服务市场和现代物流综合服务提供商进行了层次细分,同时深入比较研究了国内外多家高端物流服务提供商的经验与经营优势。并就我国物流服务市场及传统物流企业发展的现状与瓶颈做了深入的分析与剖析,随之提出了适应时代及客户要求的企业经营策略与战略选择。
第三部分,就转型过程中本文深入探讨的四个关键问题进行了逐一细致研究。就企业核心竞争力的构成要素,评价指标体系与分析模型,提升竞争力的有效途径及相应管理做分析与表述;就业务组合与流程再造的经典理论及其在我国第三方物流企业的业务流程优化做深入探讨,其中特别分析比较了多家业界高端企业的业务优势,斯以借鉴。我国物流企业的组织机构优化与创新部分,就其现状、成因、革新必要性进行了阐释,提出了重组的原理、思路、过程步骤及应注意的问题及优化后的有效管控。最后,就提升整体供应链竞争能力及战略联盟的伙伴选择与评价问题进行了研究,提出了相关影响因素及供应链竞争力的构造原则,论述了战略伙伴的选择、评价与谈判等问题,并对合作伙伴相互选择与合作进行了博弈分析。
第四部分,结合上文所作的学术与理论探讨,围绕企业转型中至为重要的上述四个问题,以中外运集团总公司为研究主体,就集团开展物流服务的发展沿革,现今面临的战略环境及发展机遇做了深入探讨,解决了中外运集团建立与发展企业核心竞争力、业务组合战略、组织机构创新与有效管控模式等转型中的关键问题,与企业集团进行战略合作的实例研究与分析,给出了相应的理论指导及实践措施。
The engine of the global economy has been undergoing a profound transformation from traditional "industrious economy" into "modern service industry economy." The state council of the People's Republic of China has given top priority to one of modern service's fields-transport, the most important of which is logistics.With the implementation of the commitments of China to the WTO, its government has granted the less constringent access threshold to the overseas enterprises in the such fields as shipping, logistics, freight forwarding services and so forth, enterprises of foreign capital in the high-end comprehensive logistics services thus imposing a more conspicuous trend operating only by themselves and their Chinese counterparts facing fiercer international competition. It is urgent that we integrate the advantages available, aggressively expand the extended businesses and service items of logistics, strengthen capacities in the comprehensive logistics and thus form our sustainable core competitiveness. The theme is a subject of theory we in this industry should explore and study and an operation policy that we should provide a quick answer for.
In answer to the call of the times and reality, the essay focuses mainly on the four key points which are supposed to be settled in the course of the transformation of large scale traditional enterprises of China into modern comprehensive services providers. The essay consists of four parts as follows:
Part 1, clarification of basic concepts and general introduction of studies in the field concemed.This part offers clear definitions, which are to be discussed in the article, of modern logistics, the third logistics, enterprise strategy, enterprise core competitive power and supply chain. It also retrospects, thus compares and summarizes the achievements of study home and abroad in terms of enterprise development strategy, enterprise core competitive power, optimization theory of business and organization, supply chain and strategic alliance theory. This is an activity that draws lessons from the former researchers and an attempt that elaborates theoretic foundation that integrates classic theory with realistic questions discussed in the article.
Part2, more emphases put on the characteristics of modern logistics services' market and strategic choices our enterprises now are facing. In combination with the characteristics of the times and latest research results, it provides a preliminary analysis of modern service industry and logistics services. It also illustrates hierarchical subdivision of modern logistics market and modern logistics services providers. Meanwhile, it demonstrates a comparative study of experiences and business advantages of high-end logistics enterprises home and abroad, a more profound analysis and research about China's logistics market and the state-of-the-art and bottle-necks of traditional logistics enterprises and the consequent enterprise management tactics and strategic choice that adjust to the need of the times and consumers.
Part 3, this part offers a thorough study of the four key points in the course of the transformation of enterprise. First, this part analyzes and illuminates the elements, the system of appraisal indicator, and the effective promoting mechanism and the according management of enterprise core competitive power. Second, it deals with classic theories of business mix and flow redesign and the optimization of business flow in the third logistics enterprises, especially a comparative study of business advantages of many high-end enterprises in this industry for reference. Third, it discourses the optimization and innovation of organization in China's logistics enterprises, demonstrating the-state-of-art, cause, necessity of the optimization and innovation of organization, putting forward the principles, orientation, steps and aspects concerned and thereafter effective control of the reshuffle. Fourth, it studies the subjects of how to enhance the competitive power of supply chain and how to choose and appraise strategic partners in the supply chain. It summarizes interrelated factors of the supply chain and construction principle of the supply chain.
Part 4, together with the above-mentioned academic and theoretic discussions, in respect to the four important key points in the transformation of enterprises, with Sinotrans as a study subject, this part elaborates on the history of its operating logistics services and its present strategic environment and opportunities of development. It solves the key problems of SINOTRANS in establishing and developing enterprise core competence, comprising business strategy, organization innovation and effective monitoring mode, and it gives relative theoretic instructions and measures through analysing and case study of strategic coopration between businesss group.
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