新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效研究
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摘要
新创企业的巨大社会经济价值与其普遍存在的低存活率与低成长性现象形成了巨大反差，这吸引着众多学者围绕新创企业成长绩效等相关问题进行了大量研究。纵观现有相关研究可知，尽管已有较多单独应用社会资本理论或资源能力理论解释新创企业成长绩效的理论与经验研究，但少有综合应用该两大理论将外部网络关系、内部能力与成长绩效同时纳入一个整合模型的研究。因而，人们在社会资本理论与资源能力理论的内在联系以及它们在解释新创企业成长绩效上的层次关系等问题上仍然思维迷糊。基于此考虑，本文构建了新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效整合关系理论分析框架，从企业层面，结合新创企业各主要外部网络关系及各主要内部能力，沿着“外部网络关系品质——内部能力——成长绩效”的逻辑思路，就新创企业各外部网络关系品质通过相应内部能力这一中介传导机制对成长绩效产生的间接影响及其机理进行了理论与经验研究，以试图更为深刻地揭示新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效的关系及其机理。
为实现上述研究目标，本文主要深入研究了以下问题：
①新创企业内部能力与成长绩效关系。
②新创企业外部网络关系品质与内部能力关系。
③新创企业外部网络关系品质与成长绩效关系。
④新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效三者整合关系。
本文对上述各拟研究问题均按以下步骤进行研究：
①通过逻辑推理，建立关于各拟研究问题的相应理论分析框架，为拟构建模型勾勒大致轮廓。
②在“步骤①”的逻辑指引下，在充分考虑各内部能力相互关系基础上详细分析新创企业各主要内部能力对其成长绩效的影响；详细分析新创企业与各主要外部网络关系对象间关系品质对其相应内部能力与成长绩效的直接影响，以及通过相应内部能力对成长绩效的间接影响，并提出一系列相关假设，从而为拟构建模型刻画细致纹理。
③在综合考虑“步骤①”所建立各理论分析框架以及“步骤②”所提各假设所反映变量间关系基础上，构建数个待经验检验之竞争性理论模型。
④运用样本数据对“步骤③”所构建各竞争性理论模型进行结构方程模型分析，以检验样本数据对各假设的支持情况。
⑤对比假设提出与假设检验结果，推导并总结与各研究问题相关的研究结论，并讨论其理论与实践意义。
通过对276家高科技新创企业的经验研究，本文得出以下结论：
(1)关系品质为高阶多维度变量，沟通、信任、承诺、协调与满意五者彼此存在互动关系，均属于关系品质重要维度之一，但关系品质测量维度选择可视具体研究情境而定。
(2)创业导向、技术能力、营销能力与融资能力构成新创企业早期成长阶段的主要内部能力。新创企业主要内部能力越强，越有利于其提高成长绩效。
(3)新创企业的技术能力、营销能力与融资能力的增强有助于提升其创业导向，而其中技术能力与营销能力的提升在很大程度上受企业融资能力强弱的影响，即新创企业各主要内部能力之间存在一定的相互关系，因而它们在促进新创企业成长绩效上存在一定的层次关系。
(4)合作伙伴、顾客、政府部门与金融机构是新创企业的重要外部网络关系对象。新创企业与这些关系对象间的关系品质越高，越有助于其提升成长绩效。
(5)新创企业与外部网络关系对象间的良好关系品质有助于其内部能力提升。其中，新创企业与合作伙伴的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、技术能力与营销能力；与顾客的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、技术能力与营销能力；与政府部门的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、营销能力与融资能力；与金融机构的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向与融资能力。
(6)关系品质是外部网络关系功效的决定要素之一，可用于解释企业多种外部网络关系对企业的影响，因而不失为外部网络关系研究的重要视角之一。
(7)新创企业内部能力对其成长绩效具正向直接影响，而外部网络关系品质主要通过促进内部能力提升而对成长绩效具正向间接影响。因此，外部网络关系品质是成长绩效的间接影响因素，而内部能力则是成长绩效的直接影响因素，并在外部网络关系品质与成长绩效间扮演了中介传导机制角色。其中：①合作伙伴关系品质与顾客关系品质均主要通过创业导向、技术能力与营销能力对成长绩效产生间接影响；政府部门关系品质主要通过创业导向、营销能力与融资能力对成长绩效产生间接影响；金融机构关系品质主要通过创业导向与融资能力对成长绩效产生间接影响。②技术能力主要在合作伙伴关系品质及顾客关系品质两者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；营销能力主要在合作伙伴关系品质、顾客关系品质及政府部门关系品质三者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；融资能力主要在政府部门关系品质及金融机构关系品质两者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；而创业导向则在新创企业各种外部网络品质与成长绩效关系中均扮演重要中介传导机制角色。
(8)综合应用外部网络关系品质与内部能力，并充分考虑它们之间的关系，较应用其中单一因素解释新创企业成长绩效具有更强的解释力，并能更为深刻地揭示外部网络关系品质与内部能力对成长绩效的作用机理。
综合本文各研究结论及研究中所进行的其他探索，对比前人相关研究，本研究创新点主要表现在以下几个方面：
(1)本研究发现新创企业与外部网络关系对象间的良好关系品质有助于其内部能力提升，从而在社会资本理论与企业资源能力理论之间架设了又一新桥梁。
(2)本研究发现新创企业外部网络关系品质对内部能力及成长绩效均具显著正向影响，因而开辟了从关系品质角度研究外部网络关系对新创企业影响的新视角。
(3)本研究成功测量了新创企业与其多种外部网络关系对象间的关系品质，从而拓展了关系品质的评估范畴。
(4)本研究发现，新创企业内部能力对其成长绩效具正向直接影响，而外部网络关系品质主要通过促进内部能力提升而对成长绩效具重要正向间接影响。因此，外部网络关系品质主要是成长绩效的间接影响因素，而内部能力则是成长绩效的直接影响因素，并在外部网络关系品质与成长绩效之间扮演了中介传导机制的角色。因此，本文较以往研究更为深刻地揭示了新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效关系，亦即更为深刻地揭示了社会资本理论与资源能力理论的内在联系以及它们在解释新创企业成长绩效上的层次关系。
(5)本研究从新创企业对创业机会识别、获取与开发的角度研究新创企业成长绩效，发现新创企业内部能力与外部网络关系品质均对其创业机会的识别、获取与开发具正面影响，从而将创业研究领域中的机会观由创业决策阶段延伸至创业执行阶段，并为新创企业成长绩效研究开辟了又一新视角。
最后，本文亦较为系统地分析了本研究的理论与实践意义，并深入剖析了研究的不足之处，以期后续研究对其加以进一步完善。
Social economic value contrasts with commonly existing high fatality rate and low growth of new ventures, which attracts a lot of researchers and results in a great many of studies. It is easy to find either theoretical or empirical studies which based on social capital theory or resource and capabilities-based theory to elaborate the growth of new ventures. However, few studies are found where both these two theories are involved taking external network relationship, internal capacity and growth into an integral model. This is why people hardly know the internal relationship between these two theories and how they contribute to levels of the growth of new ventures. Based on social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory, this research constructed the comprehensive framework integrating the relationship quality (RQ) of external network, internal capabilities and growth, made theoretical and empirical studies on the influences of external network RQ on growth by means of internal capabilities. Thus it attempts to find out the relationship among these variables and the mechanism.
To realize the general purpose mentioned above, this research conducted a profound study on the following aspect:
(1) the relationship between internal capabilities and growth of new ventures.
(2)the relationship between RQ of external network and internal capabilities of new ventures.
(3)the relationship between RQ of external network and growth of new ventures.
(4) the integrating relationship among RQ of external network, internal capabilities and growth of new ventures.
The research issues mentioned above were analyzed in the following steps:
(1) The research constructed a theoretical framework for all the research issues through logical deduction and drawing the outline of theory model which would be constructed.
(2)The research analyzed in depth the influences of internal capabilities on growth, the direct influences of external network RQ on internal capabilities and growth and the indirect influences of external network RQ on growth by means of internal capabilities. At the same time, the research did put forward a series of related hypotheses in order to picture the detail of the theory model which would be constructed.
(3)The research constructed several comparing theoretical model to be tested by empirical studies.
(4)The research analyzed the sample data by using the statistic technology of structural equation modeling to test which of all the hypotheses were supported by the sample data.
(5)The research made several conclusions about all research issues by comparing hypotheses and related tested outcome, and discussed their theoretical and empirical contribute.
According to the empirical analysis on the data from 276 high-tech new ventures, the principal conclusions are drawn as follows.
(1) The RQ is a multi-dimensional high-order variable. Communication, trust, promises, coordination and satisfaction interplay with each other, all of which is one of the essential dimensional of the RQ. However, the measurement of RQ depends upon the definite situation.
(2) Entrepreneurial orientation, technological capabilities, marketing capabilities and financing capabilities make up the crucial internal capabilities of the first few years of development of new ventures. The stronger these capacities are, the faster and more healthy these new ventures will grow.
(3)For new ventures, strong capabilities in technical, marketing and financial terms will contribute to the betterment of its entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, enhancement in technical and marketing capabilities depends, to a large extent, on the financing capabilities of these new ventures. From this aspect, we can say that there exists a close association between the four essential elemental internal capabilities of new ventures, so they play their role in the growth of new ventures on different levels.
(4)Partners, customers, government departments, and financial agencies are the main elements of the external networks of new ventures. The higher the RQ of the connection between these new ventures and either of these elements, the better is helps with the growth of these new ventures.
(5)High RQ between new ventures and their external network objects can contribute to the improvement of the internal capabilities of new ventures. Among these relationships, High RQ between new ventures and their partners, and that between new ventures and their customers both help to improve the entrepreneurial orientation, technical and marketing capability; High RQ between new ventures and their government departments helps to promote its entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and financing capabilities; High RQ between new ventures and their financial agencies also helps to improve both its entrepreneurial orientation and financing capabilities.
(6)The RQ of external networks is one of the fundamental element of the influence of external networks on the development of new ventures. It can be used when explaining the impacts of all the external networks on these new ventures, which makes an important approach to the research on the external networks.
(7)The internal capabilities plays a notable positive part in the growing of these new ventures. The RQ of external network, however, mainly contributes to the growth of these new ventures indirectly by firstly improving their internal capabilities. Thus, the RQ of external network is the indirect element while internal capacities are the direct element in influencing growth of these new ventures, and internal capacities function as the media between the RQ of external network and the growth of these new ventures. In the course of this process: ?both the high quality partner relationship and customers relationship effect the growth of these new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation, technological capabilities and marketing capabilities; The high quality government departments relationship plays its due part in the development of new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation, marketing capabilities and financing capabilities; The high quality relationship with financial agencies effect the growth of these new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation and financing capabilities. (2) among these interactions, for new ventures, technological capabilities acts as the medium between the partner and customer relationship as a whole and growth; Marketing capabilities plays the part of medium mainly between partner relationship, customer relationship and government department relationship as a whole and growth; Financing capabilities acts as the medium mainly between government department relationship and financial agencies relationship as a whole and growth; entrepreneurial orientation acts as the medium between all the external networks and growth.
(8)The approach of applying all the external networks and internal capabilities as a whole and analyze the interplay between them makes a stronger proof for the growth of new ventures and explains better the dynamic between both internal and external factors of new ventures than simply applying one of these factors.
To synthesize the conclusion of this research and other exploration during the research, with an eye on previous research results, the innovativeness of this study lies in the following:
(1)It is found in this research that the high RQ between new ventures and their external network objects helps improve their internal capacities so as to build a new bridge between social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory.
(2)The research found external network RQ exerts a positive influence on the internal capabilities and growth of new ventures. Therefore, it sheds new light on the study of the influence of external network on new ventures in the perspective of RQ.
(3)The research successfully measures RQ between new ventures and their external network objects so as to broaden the domain of RQ evaluation.
(4)The research found that the internal capabilities of new ventures plays a notable positive part in the growing of new ventures. The RQ of external networks, however, mainly contributes to growth of new ventures indirectly by firstly improving internal capabilities of these new ventures. Thus, The RQ of external networks is the indirect element while internal capacities are the direct element in influencinggrowth of new ventures, and internal capacities function as the media between RQ of external networks and growth. Therefore, the research reveals more profoundly the interrelationships between RQ of external networks, internal capabilities and growth of new ventures, offers a better interpretation of the inner relation between social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory, as well as their influence on the growth of new ventures.
(5)The research mainly focuses on the growth of new ventures from the angle of the identification, acquisition and exploitation of opportunity, which are positively influenced by internal capabilities and RQ of external networks. So the research extends the opportunity theory in the entrepreneurial research from decision making stage to undertaking stage, and offers a new vision on the research about the growth of new ventures.
Finally, this research also gives a more or less comprehensive analysis on the theoretical and empirical contribution without ignoring its own shortcomings, which can serve as a referential hint for future researches.
为实现上述研究目标，本文主要深入研究了以下问题：
①新创企业内部能力与成长绩效关系。
②新创企业外部网络关系品质与内部能力关系。
③新创企业外部网络关系品质与成长绩效关系。
④新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效三者整合关系。
本文对上述各拟研究问题均按以下步骤进行研究：
①通过逻辑推理，建立关于各拟研究问题的相应理论分析框架，为拟构建模型勾勒大致轮廓。
②在“步骤①”的逻辑指引下，在充分考虑各内部能力相互关系基础上详细分析新创企业各主要内部能力对其成长绩效的影响；详细分析新创企业与各主要外部网络关系对象间关系品质对其相应内部能力与成长绩效的直接影响，以及通过相应内部能力对成长绩效的间接影响，并提出一系列相关假设，从而为拟构建模型刻画细致纹理。
③在综合考虑“步骤①”所建立各理论分析框架以及“步骤②”所提各假设所反映变量间关系基础上，构建数个待经验检验之竞争性理论模型。
④运用样本数据对“步骤③”所构建各竞争性理论模型进行结构方程模型分析，以检验样本数据对各假设的支持情况。
⑤对比假设提出与假设检验结果，推导并总结与各研究问题相关的研究结论，并讨论其理论与实践意义。
通过对276家高科技新创企业的经验研究，本文得出以下结论：
(1)关系品质为高阶多维度变量，沟通、信任、承诺、协调与满意五者彼此存在互动关系，均属于关系品质重要维度之一，但关系品质测量维度选择可视具体研究情境而定。
(2)创业导向、技术能力、营销能力与融资能力构成新创企业早期成长阶段的主要内部能力。新创企业主要内部能力越强，越有利于其提高成长绩效。
(3)新创企业的技术能力、营销能力与融资能力的增强有助于提升其创业导向，而其中技术能力与营销能力的提升在很大程度上受企业融资能力强弱的影响，即新创企业各主要内部能力之间存在一定的相互关系，因而它们在促进新创企业成长绩效上存在一定的层次关系。
(4)合作伙伴、顾客、政府部门与金融机构是新创企业的重要外部网络关系对象。新创企业与这些关系对象间的关系品质越高，越有助于其提升成长绩效。
(5)新创企业与外部网络关系对象间的良好关系品质有助于其内部能力提升。其中，新创企业与合作伙伴的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、技术能力与营销能力；与顾客的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、技术能力与营销能力；与政府部门的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向、营销能力与融资能力；与金融机构的良好关系品质有助于提升其创业导向与融资能力。
(6)关系品质是外部网络关系功效的决定要素之一，可用于解释企业多种外部网络关系对企业的影响，因而不失为外部网络关系研究的重要视角之一。
(7)新创企业内部能力对其成长绩效具正向直接影响，而外部网络关系品质主要通过促进内部能力提升而对成长绩效具正向间接影响。因此，外部网络关系品质是成长绩效的间接影响因素，而内部能力则是成长绩效的直接影响因素，并在外部网络关系品质与成长绩效间扮演了中介传导机制角色。其中：①合作伙伴关系品质与顾客关系品质均主要通过创业导向、技术能力与营销能力对成长绩效产生间接影响；政府部门关系品质主要通过创业导向、营销能力与融资能力对成长绩效产生间接影响；金融机构关系品质主要通过创业导向与融资能力对成长绩效产生间接影响。②技术能力主要在合作伙伴关系品质及顾客关系品质两者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；营销能力主要在合作伙伴关系品质、顾客关系品质及政府部门关系品质三者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；融资能力主要在政府部门关系品质及金融机构关系品质两者与成长绩效关系中扮演重要中介传导机制角色；而创业导向则在新创企业各种外部网络品质与成长绩效关系中均扮演重要中介传导机制角色。
(8)综合应用外部网络关系品质与内部能力，并充分考虑它们之间的关系，较应用其中单一因素解释新创企业成长绩效具有更强的解释力，并能更为深刻地揭示外部网络关系品质与内部能力对成长绩效的作用机理。
综合本文各研究结论及研究中所进行的其他探索，对比前人相关研究，本研究创新点主要表现在以下几个方面：
(1)本研究发现新创企业与外部网络关系对象间的良好关系品质有助于其内部能力提升，从而在社会资本理论与企业资源能力理论之间架设了又一新桥梁。
(2)本研究发现新创企业外部网络关系品质对内部能力及成长绩效均具显著正向影响，因而开辟了从关系品质角度研究外部网络关系对新创企业影响的新视角。
(3)本研究成功测量了新创企业与其多种外部网络关系对象间的关系品质，从而拓展了关系品质的评估范畴。
(4)本研究发现，新创企业内部能力对其成长绩效具正向直接影响，而外部网络关系品质主要通过促进内部能力提升而对成长绩效具重要正向间接影响。因此，外部网络关系品质主要是成长绩效的间接影响因素，而内部能力则是成长绩效的直接影响因素，并在外部网络关系品质与成长绩效之间扮演了中介传导机制的角色。因此，本文较以往研究更为深刻地揭示了新创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效关系，亦即更为深刻地揭示了社会资本理论与资源能力理论的内在联系以及它们在解释新创企业成长绩效上的层次关系。
(5)本研究从新创企业对创业机会识别、获取与开发的角度研究新创企业成长绩效，发现新创企业内部能力与外部网络关系品质均对其创业机会的识别、获取与开发具正面影响，从而将创业研究领域中的机会观由创业决策阶段延伸至创业执行阶段，并为新创企业成长绩效研究开辟了又一新视角。
最后，本文亦较为系统地分析了本研究的理论与实践意义，并深入剖析了研究的不足之处，以期后续研究对其加以进一步完善。
Social economic value contrasts with commonly existing high fatality rate and low growth of new ventures, which attracts a lot of researchers and results in a great many of studies. It is easy to find either theoretical or empirical studies which based on social capital theory or resource and capabilities-based theory to elaborate the growth of new ventures. However, few studies are found where both these two theories are involved taking external network relationship, internal capacity and growth into an integral model. This is why people hardly know the internal relationship between these two theories and how they contribute to levels of the growth of new ventures. Based on social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory, this research constructed the comprehensive framework integrating the relationship quality (RQ) of external network, internal capabilities and growth, made theoretical and empirical studies on the influences of external network RQ on growth by means of internal capabilities. Thus it attempts to find out the relationship among these variables and the mechanism.
To realize the general purpose mentioned above, this research conducted a profound study on the following aspect:
(1) the relationship between internal capabilities and growth of new ventures.
(2)the relationship between RQ of external network and internal capabilities of new ventures.
(3)the relationship between RQ of external network and growth of new ventures.
(4) the integrating relationship among RQ of external network, internal capabilities and growth of new ventures.
The research issues mentioned above were analyzed in the following steps:
(1) The research constructed a theoretical framework for all the research issues through logical deduction and drawing the outline of theory model which would be constructed.
(2)The research analyzed in depth the influences of internal capabilities on growth, the direct influences of external network RQ on internal capabilities and growth and the indirect influences of external network RQ on growth by means of internal capabilities. At the same time, the research did put forward a series of related hypotheses in order to picture the detail of the theory model which would be constructed.
(3)The research constructed several comparing theoretical model to be tested by empirical studies.
(4)The research analyzed the sample data by using the statistic technology of structural equation modeling to test which of all the hypotheses were supported by the sample data.
(5)The research made several conclusions about all research issues by comparing hypotheses and related tested outcome, and discussed their theoretical and empirical contribute.
According to the empirical analysis on the data from 276 high-tech new ventures, the principal conclusions are drawn as follows.
(1) The RQ is a multi-dimensional high-order variable. Communication, trust, promises, coordination and satisfaction interplay with each other, all of which is one of the essential dimensional of the RQ. However, the measurement of RQ depends upon the definite situation.
(2) Entrepreneurial orientation, technological capabilities, marketing capabilities and financing capabilities make up the crucial internal capabilities of the first few years of development of new ventures. The stronger these capacities are, the faster and more healthy these new ventures will grow.
(3)For new ventures, strong capabilities in technical, marketing and financial terms will contribute to the betterment of its entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, enhancement in technical and marketing capabilities depends, to a large extent, on the financing capabilities of these new ventures. From this aspect, we can say that there exists a close association between the four essential elemental internal capabilities of new ventures, so they play their role in the growth of new ventures on different levels.
(4)Partners, customers, government departments, and financial agencies are the main elements of the external networks of new ventures. The higher the RQ of the connection between these new ventures and either of these elements, the better is helps with the growth of these new ventures.
(5)High RQ between new ventures and their external network objects can contribute to the improvement of the internal capabilities of new ventures. Among these relationships, High RQ between new ventures and their partners, and that between new ventures and their customers both help to improve the entrepreneurial orientation, technical and marketing capability; High RQ between new ventures and their government departments helps to promote its entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and financing capabilities; High RQ between new ventures and their financial agencies also helps to improve both its entrepreneurial orientation and financing capabilities.
(6)The RQ of external networks is one of the fundamental element of the influence of external networks on the development of new ventures. It can be used when explaining the impacts of all the external networks on these new ventures, which makes an important approach to the research on the external networks.
(7)The internal capabilities plays a notable positive part in the growing of these new ventures. The RQ of external network, however, mainly contributes to the growth of these new ventures indirectly by firstly improving their internal capabilities. Thus, the RQ of external network is the indirect element while internal capacities are the direct element in influencing growth of these new ventures, and internal capacities function as the media between the RQ of external network and the growth of these new ventures. In the course of this process: ?both the high quality partner relationship and customers relationship effect the growth of these new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation, technological capabilities and marketing capabilities; The high quality government departments relationship plays its due part in the development of new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation, marketing capabilities and financing capabilities; The high quality relationship with financial agencies effect the growth of these new ventures indirectly mainly through entrepreneurial orientation and financing capabilities. (2) among these interactions, for new ventures, technological capabilities acts as the medium between the partner and customer relationship as a whole and growth; Marketing capabilities plays the part of medium mainly between partner relationship, customer relationship and government department relationship as a whole and growth; Financing capabilities acts as the medium mainly between government department relationship and financial agencies relationship as a whole and growth; entrepreneurial orientation acts as the medium between all the external networks and growth.
(8)The approach of applying all the external networks and internal capabilities as a whole and analyze the interplay between them makes a stronger proof for the growth of new ventures and explains better the dynamic between both internal and external factors of new ventures than simply applying one of these factors.
To synthesize the conclusion of this research and other exploration during the research, with an eye on previous research results, the innovativeness of this study lies in the following:
(1)It is found in this research that the high RQ between new ventures and their external network objects helps improve their internal capacities so as to build a new bridge between social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory.
(2)The research found external network RQ exerts a positive influence on the internal capabilities and growth of new ventures. Therefore, it sheds new light on the study of the influence of external network on new ventures in the perspective of RQ.
(3)The research successfully measures RQ between new ventures and their external network objects so as to broaden the domain of RQ evaluation.
(4)The research found that the internal capabilities of new ventures plays a notable positive part in the growing of new ventures. The RQ of external networks, however, mainly contributes to growth of new ventures indirectly by firstly improving internal capabilities of these new ventures. Thus, The RQ of external networks is the indirect element while internal capacities are the direct element in influencinggrowth of new ventures, and internal capacities function as the media between RQ of external networks and growth. Therefore, the research reveals more profoundly the interrelationships between RQ of external networks, internal capabilities and growth of new ventures, offers a better interpretation of the inner relation between social capital theory and resource and capabilities-based theory, as well as their influence on the growth of new ventures.
(5)The research mainly focuses on the growth of new ventures from the angle of the identification, acquisition and exploitation of opportunity, which are positively influenced by internal capabilities and RQ of external networks. So the research extends the opportunity theory in the entrepreneurial research from decision making stage to undertaking stage, and offers a new vision on the research about the growth of new ventures.
Finally, this research also gives a more or less comprehensive analysis on the theoretical and empirical contribution without ignoring its own shortcomings, which can serve as a referential hint for future researches.
引文
1 转引自：刘常勇(2002，P21)
2 转引自：张玉利、任学锋(2001，p．49)
3 有关企业知识与能力的关系在后文企业能力概念分析中再做专门探讨。
5 转引自大卫·欧文(2003，p．44)
资料来源：节选自Alavi&Leidner(2001，P．111)
6 转引自：张玉利和徐海林(2003，p．24)
8 有关组织间学习对新创企业组织学习的意义在后文“2．2．4新创企业内部能力提升战略”中再作详细说明。
9 此段有关Adler&Sbenbar(1990)的观点系本研究整理自：赵晓庆(2001，p．16)
10 转引自：晏文胜(2004，p．106)
11 转引自：陶新元和常庆欣(2005)
12 转引自：拉各斯和霍尔特休斯(2002，p．81)
13 本研究后文(第2．4节)将对“关系品质”进行文献回顾。
14 转引自：杨农(2004．p．179-180)
15 转引自：林隆仪和李水河(2005)
17 基于此部分内容的前期研究成果《基于信任的高新技术型企业的协作机制研究》一文发表后曾被《中国人大报刊复印资料》的《高新技术产业化》专辑全文转载(一级)。
18 转引自：林降仪和李水河(2005)
19 后文将详细论述关系品质各维度内涵及重要性(见第2．4．2小节)与维度间关系(见第2．4．3小节)。
20 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
21 转引自：伊丽莎白·切尔(2004，p．333-334)
22 基于此部分内容的本研究中期成果：
1．《关系网络与创业互动机制研究》曾发表于《研究与发展管理》(A类)；
2．《新创企业外部网络关系品质与其内部能力提升——基于组织间学习与资源获取视角的分析》曾被《创业研究与教育国际研讨会(天津，2006．4)》全文录用，并由本研究者在会议上宣读交流；
3．《创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效之关系》曾被《首届(2006)中国管理学年会(北京，2006．12)》全文录用，并由本研究者在会议上宣读交流；
4．《关系网络如何支持高技术型创业》曾发表于《科学与管理》。
23 转引自：张方华和林仁方(2004，p．33)
24 转引自：伊丽莎白·切尔(2004，p．333-334)
26 此处有关苹果电脑公司、微软公司与上海尼赛拉公司的实例系转引自：杨德林和陈春宝(1997)
29 转引自：蔡梨、苗淑娟与李雪灵(2004)
30 有关NutraSweet公司例子整理自：温齐默(2003．p．89)
31 转引自：杨农(2004．p．336)
32 转引自：林润辉(2004，p．297)
33 转引自：马钦海和李艺(2005)
34 转引自：范秀成和刘建华(2004)
35 转引自：刘建新(2006)
36 转引自：李惠英(2001，p．31)
37 转引自：李志能(2001，p．50)
47 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
48 转引自：黄芳铭(2005，p．161)
49 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
50 简俊成和洪清德(2003)
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2 转引自：张玉利、任学锋(2001，p．49)
3 有关企业知识与能力的关系在后文企业能力概念分析中再做专门探讨。
5 转引自大卫·欧文(2003，p．44)
资料来源：节选自Alavi&Leidner(2001，P．111)
6 转引自：张玉利和徐海林(2003，p．24)
8 有关组织间学习对新创企业组织学习的意义在后文“2．2．4新创企业内部能力提升战略”中再作详细说明。
9 此段有关Adler&Sbenbar(1990)的观点系本研究整理自：赵晓庆(2001，p．16)
10 转引自：晏文胜(2004，p．106)
11 转引自：陶新元和常庆欣(2005)
12 转引自：拉各斯和霍尔特休斯(2002，p．81)
13 本研究后文(第2．4节)将对“关系品质”进行文献回顾。
14 转引自：杨农(2004．p．179-180)
15 转引自：林隆仪和李水河(2005)
17 基于此部分内容的前期研究成果《基于信任的高新技术型企业的协作机制研究》一文发表后曾被《中国人大报刊复印资料》的《高新技术产业化》专辑全文转载(一级)。
18 转引自：林降仪和李水河(2005)
19 后文将详细论述关系品质各维度内涵及重要性(见第2．4．2小节)与维度间关系(见第2．4．3小节)。
20 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
21 转引自：伊丽莎白·切尔(2004，p．333-334)
22 基于此部分内容的本研究中期成果：
1．《关系网络与创业互动机制研究》曾发表于《研究与发展管理》(A类)；
2．《新创企业外部网络关系品质与其内部能力提升——基于组织间学习与资源获取视角的分析》曾被《创业研究与教育国际研讨会(天津，2006．4)》全文录用，并由本研究者在会议上宣读交流；
3．《创企业外部网络关系品质、内部能力与成长绩效之关系》曾被《首届(2006)中国管理学年会(北京，2006．12)》全文录用，并由本研究者在会议上宣读交流；
4．《关系网络如何支持高技术型创业》曾发表于《科学与管理》。
23 转引自：张方华和林仁方(2004，p．33)
24 转引自：伊丽莎白·切尔(2004，p．333-334)
26 此处有关苹果电脑公司、微软公司与上海尼赛拉公司的实例系转引自：杨德林和陈春宝(1997)
29 转引自：蔡梨、苗淑娟与李雪灵(2004)
30 有关NutraSweet公司例子整理自：温齐默(2003．p．89)
31 转引自：杨农(2004．p．336)
32 转引自：林润辉(2004，p．297)
33 转引自：马钦海和李艺(2005)
34 转引自：范秀成和刘建华(2004)
35 转引自：刘建新(2006)
36 转引自：李惠英(2001，p．31)
37 转引自：李志能(2001，p．50)
47 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
48 转引自：黄芳铭(2005，p．161)
49 转引自：简俊成和洪清德(2003)
50 简俊成和洪清德(2003)
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