典型金属矿床正断层中继构造控矿作用研究
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摘要
正断层中继构造是正断层分段扩展的基本构造形式，是国际上构造地质学研究的新课题。本文在认识正断层分段构造形式及其扩展演化特征的基础上，对伸展环境中的矿床成矿构造受正断层控制的特征进行研究，发现和恢复矿床受中继构造控制的形态特征，探讨了矿床新的构造成矿因素和形成机制，对我国目前大规模矿产资源勘查工作具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论文取得主要研究成果有：
(1)通过对锡铁山矿床矿体地质特征的系统研究，提出了锡铁山矿床喷流沉积的原始形态为矿体沉积扇模式这一创新性认识，并分析了矿体沉积扇的形成机制以及与矿床分带性的关系，丰富了喷流沉积矿床成矿构造的研究内容。
(2)以锡铁山矿床和厂坝矿床为例，研究发现古地堑系中喷流沉积矿床成矿盆地的构造形态由正断层中继构造控制，决定了喷流矿液在盆地内的重力流迁移方式和矿体沉积扇形态，为认识喷流沉积矿床构造控矿规律提供了新的思路。
(3)以锡铁山矿床为例，探讨了正断层中继构造与喷流沉积矿床喷流口构造的关系，首次提出正断层分段扩展应力场的不均匀控制着喷流口构造。根据正断层扩展的力学性质，喷流口构造应该位于雁行断裂带尾端的地段，是断裂顶端应力集中点的位置，具有最大的应力差，是矿液优先喷出的位置。
(4)在典型喷流矿床实例研究中，结合正断层中继构造扩展演化特征从运动学角度探讨同生断层多次活动对喷流沉积矿床的影响。具体表现在：a、同生断层扩展导致成矿盆地形态的变化，影响含矿热液的迁移与沉淀；b、断层扩展使断层顶端的位置发生迁移，改变喷流中心位置及分布。
(5)在典型喷流矿床实例研究中，正断层分段扩展能形成雁列型和对称型不同的中继构造型式，它们制约着地堑系同生正断层带构造盆地中喷流沉积矿床的分布，且不同级别同生断层中继构造有着不同的控矿作用。
(6)以礼岷、小柳沟矿田为实例，首次结合正断层中继构造特征探讨岩体侵位构造产生的容矿正断层成矿构造特征，重新认识矿体分布形式与成矿规律，建立矿床中继构造控矿型式，并根据正断层分段扩展特征，探讨了正断层中继构造的控矿机制。
The relay structure which is not only common feature of normal fault systems but also reflect normal fault segmentation propagation mechanism, is a new research subject of structure geology. Based on propagation and development feature of relay structure in normal fault, the author has used the mode of relay structure in normal fault to study metallotectonics characteristics of metal deposit controlled by normal fault in extension setting, discovered and recovered the whole structure form of deposit, has discussed new factor and mechanism of metallotectonics, and it has important theory meaning and applied significance to the presently large-scale mineral resource surveying work in our country. The main new views obtained are as follows:
(1) According to systematic studying geological feature of ore body in Xitieshan deposit, the author proposed that the exhalative sedimentary primitive shape of Xitieshan deposit is "ore body fan", and has analyzed formation mechanism and relation with zonation of deposit of "ore body fan", enriched the content of metallotectonics of exhalative sedimentary deposit.
(2) Based on study of ore deposits and ore-body structures of two sedimentary-exhalative ore-deposit, Changba and Xitieshan ore deposit, the author found that the structural patterns of metallogenic basin of seafloor exhalative sulfide deposits in the ancient graben systems are controlled by relay structures in normal faults. The shapes of metallogenic basins dominate migration of gravity current of ore-hosted fluid and shape of ore-body sedimentary fan in the ramp. By measuring and comparing the difference of length-to-thickness ratios of ore-body sedimentary fan, it shows that the occurrence of the ramp has a remarkable impact on shape of ore-body. It provides new research thinking to recognize metallotectonics of exhalative sedimentary deposit.
(3) Take Xitieshan deposit as an example, the author discuss the relation between the spout structure of exhalative sedimentary deposit and relay structure of normal fault, it is the first time to propose that the spout structure of exhalative sedimentary deposit is controlled by relay structure of normal fault. According to mechanical properties of relay structure in normal fault, the spout structure should locate in end of en echelon fault, which has stress concentration and the biggest stress difference, is position which the ore fluid first spouts.
(4) In the case study of typical exhalative sedimentary deposit, combine the propagation feature of relay structure of normal fault, the influence of the multi-activity growth fault on exhalative sedimentary deposit in terms of kinematics is discussed, which is: a, the propagation of growth fault reduce the change of mineralize basin shape, influence the migration and sediment ore-hostd fluid; b, the propagation of fault make the position of fault tip move, influence the position and distribution of spout structure.
(5) The segmentation propagation of normal fault produce different form of relay structure, such as en echelon-type and symmetry-type relay structure, which restrict the distribution of exhalative sedimentary deposit in structure basin controlled by growth faults of graben systems, and different scale relay structure of growth faults has different control of mineralization.
(6) Take Liming and Xiaoliugou deposit as an example, accord with the propagation feature of relay structure of normal fault, the author discuss the metallotectonics feature of the ore-hosted normal fault by magma invade, re-recognize the distribution form and mineralize law of ore body, set up the ore-controlling pattern by relay structure, and according to mechanics characteristic of relay structure in normal fault, discuss the ore-control mechanism by relay structure of normal fault.
(1)通过对锡铁山矿床矿体地质特征的系统研究，提出了锡铁山矿床喷流沉积的原始形态为矿体沉积扇模式这一创新性认识，并分析了矿体沉积扇的形成机制以及与矿床分带性的关系，丰富了喷流沉积矿床成矿构造的研究内容。
(2)以锡铁山矿床和厂坝矿床为例，研究发现古地堑系中喷流沉积矿床成矿盆地的构造形态由正断层中继构造控制，决定了喷流矿液在盆地内的重力流迁移方式和矿体沉积扇形态，为认识喷流沉积矿床构造控矿规律提供了新的思路。
(3)以锡铁山矿床为例，探讨了正断层中继构造与喷流沉积矿床喷流口构造的关系，首次提出正断层分段扩展应力场的不均匀控制着喷流口构造。根据正断层扩展的力学性质，喷流口构造应该位于雁行断裂带尾端的地段，是断裂顶端应力集中点的位置，具有最大的应力差，是矿液优先喷出的位置。
(4)在典型喷流矿床实例研究中，结合正断层中继构造扩展演化特征从运动学角度探讨同生断层多次活动对喷流沉积矿床的影响。具体表现在：a、同生断层扩展导致成矿盆地形态的变化，影响含矿热液的迁移与沉淀；b、断层扩展使断层顶端的位置发生迁移，改变喷流中心位置及分布。
(5)在典型喷流矿床实例研究中，正断层分段扩展能形成雁列型和对称型不同的中继构造型式，它们制约着地堑系同生正断层带构造盆地中喷流沉积矿床的分布，且不同级别同生断层中继构造有着不同的控矿作用。
(6)以礼岷、小柳沟矿田为实例，首次结合正断层中继构造特征探讨岩体侵位构造产生的容矿正断层成矿构造特征，重新认识矿体分布形式与成矿规律，建立矿床中继构造控矿型式，并根据正断层分段扩展特征，探讨了正断层中继构造的控矿机制。
The relay structure which is not only common feature of normal fault systems but also reflect normal fault segmentation propagation mechanism, is a new research subject of structure geology. Based on propagation and development feature of relay structure in normal fault, the author has used the mode of relay structure in normal fault to study metallotectonics characteristics of metal deposit controlled by normal fault in extension setting, discovered and recovered the whole structure form of deposit, has discussed new factor and mechanism of metallotectonics, and it has important theory meaning and applied significance to the presently large-scale mineral resource surveying work in our country. The main new views obtained are as follows:
(1) According to systematic studying geological feature of ore body in Xitieshan deposit, the author proposed that the exhalative sedimentary primitive shape of Xitieshan deposit is "ore body fan", and has analyzed formation mechanism and relation with zonation of deposit of "ore body fan", enriched the content of metallotectonics of exhalative sedimentary deposit.
(2) Based on study of ore deposits and ore-body structures of two sedimentary-exhalative ore-deposit, Changba and Xitieshan ore deposit, the author found that the structural patterns of metallogenic basin of seafloor exhalative sulfide deposits in the ancient graben systems are controlled by relay structures in normal faults. The shapes of metallogenic basins dominate migration of gravity current of ore-hosted fluid and shape of ore-body sedimentary fan in the ramp. By measuring and comparing the difference of length-to-thickness ratios of ore-body sedimentary fan, it shows that the occurrence of the ramp has a remarkable impact on shape of ore-body. It provides new research thinking to recognize metallotectonics of exhalative sedimentary deposit.
(3) Take Xitieshan deposit as an example, the author discuss the relation between the spout structure of exhalative sedimentary deposit and relay structure of normal fault, it is the first time to propose that the spout structure of exhalative sedimentary deposit is controlled by relay structure of normal fault. According to mechanical properties of relay structure in normal fault, the spout structure should locate in end of en echelon fault, which has stress concentration and the biggest stress difference, is position which the ore fluid first spouts.
(4) In the case study of typical exhalative sedimentary deposit, combine the propagation feature of relay structure of normal fault, the influence of the multi-activity growth fault on exhalative sedimentary deposit in terms of kinematics is discussed, which is: a, the propagation of growth fault reduce the change of mineralize basin shape, influence the migration and sediment ore-hostd fluid; b, the propagation of fault make the position of fault tip move, influence the position and distribution of spout structure.
(5) The segmentation propagation of normal fault produce different form of relay structure, such as en echelon-type and symmetry-type relay structure, which restrict the distribution of exhalative sedimentary deposit in structure basin controlled by growth faults of graben systems, and different scale relay structure of growth faults has different control of mineralization.
(6) Take Liming and Xiaoliugou deposit as an example, accord with the propagation feature of relay structure of normal fault, the author discuss the metallotectonics feature of the ore-hosted normal fault by magma invade, re-recognize the distribution form and mineralize law of ore body, set up the ore-controlling pattern by relay structure, and according to mechanics characteristic of relay structure in normal fault, discuss the ore-control mechanism by relay structure of normal fault.
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