滑带剪切过程的离散元模拟研究
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摘要
滑带土的物质组成通常存在极大的不均匀性,并且在滑坡启动和滑动过程中的力学性能有很大的变化,在高速滑动过程中还出现明显的液化现象,这些都是连续介质力学不能很好概括或解释的。以散粒体力学为基础,研究滑带土的颗粒离散性对其宏观力学性能,尤其是宏观动力行为的影响,将促进对滑带土在复杂动力过程中的动力行为的认识,并为相关的试验研究提供依据。
研究滑带土多相动力系统的动力过程目前只有两种途径:一是通过两相介质划分建立有连续介质相和离散颗粒相构成的两相流动力体系;二是将所有多相组成表达成离散单元,通过规定单元的不同属性区别出不同物相,建立统一的颗粒流模型,研究各个物相颗粒运动特征和动力过程。而颗粒流模型大部分采用的是颗粒离散元建立动力模型。
本文首先根据滑带土颗粒间力的传递特征,建立了滑带土颗粒接触力学模型,并根据滑带土颗粒分布特征构建滑带土的室内试验的离散元数字模型,通过对比数字试验和物理试验的结果,确定模拟滑带土力学行为的合理参数范围。
其次在两相流理论基础上建立了滑带土分相运动的动力模型,并利用滑带土室内试验的模拟成果建立模拟滑带分相运动的离散元模型,对滑带土剪切过程中的分相运动特性进行了验证。
最后对具有非连续分布结构的滑带进行的颗粒流模拟,对在剪切过程中滑带非连续分布结构中的应力分布状态和物质运动特征作出了分析和总结。
Non-uniformity generally exists in material constitution of sliding zone soils, and great changes in mechanical characteristics may take place at sliding initiation and in the sliding process. In addition, apparent liquidation occurs during the high-speed sliding, which can not be explained by using continuum mechanics. On the basis of scattered grain mechanics, study on the effect of grain discrete characteristics of the sliding zone soil on its macro mechanical features, especially on macro dynamic behavior, will help to understand the dynamic behavior of the sliding zone soil during the complex dynamic process and provide the basis for relevant test research..
At present, there are two ways for the study on the multiphase dynamic process of the dynamic system for the sliding zone soil, one is setting up a continuum phase and a two-phase flowing dynamic system formed by discrete grain phase by dividing a two-phase medium and the other is building a unified model of the grain flow and studying the grain movement characteristics and the dynamic process by expressing all the multiphase constitution as the different properties of discrete elements to distinguish different phases. As to grain flow model, grain discrete elements are used to set up dynamic models.
In this paper, contact mechanics among grains in the sliding zone soil is first modeled according to the transfer characteristics of the force among grains in the sliding zone soil, and the discrete element mathematic model for indoor test of the sliding zone soil is built based on soil grain distribution characteristics and proper parameter is defined for the mechanical behavior of the simulated sliding zone soil by comparing the digital tests with the physical tests.
Secondly, the dynamic model of sub-phase movement of the sliding zone soil is built based on two-phase flow theory and the discrete element model of the simulated sub-phase movement by using the simulated results of indoor tests for the sliding zone soil, and verification is given for sub-phase movement characteristics in the shearing process of the sliding zone soil.
Finally, particle flow simulation is made for the sliding zone having non- continuous distributed structure, and analysis and summary is made for non-continuous structure of the sliding zone in the shearing process and material movement characteristics.
研究滑带土多相动力系统的动力过程目前只有两种途径:一是通过两相介质划分建立有连续介质相和离散颗粒相构成的两相流动力体系;二是将所有多相组成表达成离散单元,通过规定单元的不同属性区别出不同物相,建立统一的颗粒流模型,研究各个物相颗粒运动特征和动力过程。而颗粒流模型大部分采用的是颗粒离散元建立动力模型。
本文首先根据滑带土颗粒间力的传递特征,建立了滑带土颗粒接触力学模型,并根据滑带土颗粒分布特征构建滑带土的室内试验的离散元数字模型,通过对比数字试验和物理试验的结果,确定模拟滑带土力学行为的合理参数范围。
其次在两相流理论基础上建立了滑带土分相运动的动力模型,并利用滑带土室内试验的模拟成果建立模拟滑带分相运动的离散元模型,对滑带土剪切过程中的分相运动特性进行了验证。
最后对具有非连续分布结构的滑带进行的颗粒流模拟,对在剪切过程中滑带非连续分布结构中的应力分布状态和物质运动特征作出了分析和总结。
Non-uniformity generally exists in material constitution of sliding zone soils, and great changes in mechanical characteristics may take place at sliding initiation and in the sliding process. In addition, apparent liquidation occurs during the high-speed sliding, which can not be explained by using continuum mechanics. On the basis of scattered grain mechanics, study on the effect of grain discrete characteristics of the sliding zone soil on its macro mechanical features, especially on macro dynamic behavior, will help to understand the dynamic behavior of the sliding zone soil during the complex dynamic process and provide the basis for relevant test research..
At present, there are two ways for the study on the multiphase dynamic process of the dynamic system for the sliding zone soil, one is setting up a continuum phase and a two-phase flowing dynamic system formed by discrete grain phase by dividing a two-phase medium and the other is building a unified model of the grain flow and studying the grain movement characteristics and the dynamic process by expressing all the multiphase constitution as the different properties of discrete elements to distinguish different phases. As to grain flow model, grain discrete elements are used to set up dynamic models.
In this paper, contact mechanics among grains in the sliding zone soil is first modeled according to the transfer characteristics of the force among grains in the sliding zone soil, and the discrete element mathematic model for indoor test of the sliding zone soil is built based on soil grain distribution characteristics and proper parameter is defined for the mechanical behavior of the simulated sliding zone soil by comparing the digital tests with the physical tests.
Secondly, the dynamic model of sub-phase movement of the sliding zone soil is built based on two-phase flow theory and the discrete element model of the simulated sub-phase movement by using the simulated results of indoor tests for the sliding zone soil, and verification is given for sub-phase movement characteristics in the shearing process of the sliding zone soil.
Finally, particle flow simulation is made for the sliding zone having non- continuous distributed structure, and analysis and summary is made for non-continuous structure of the sliding zone in the shearing process and material movement characteristics.
引文
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