山区高速公路层状岩质边坡稳定性监测与预测方法研究
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摘要
本论文以沪蓉西高速公路湖北宜昌-恩施段的层状岩质高边坡为主要研究对象,在系统科学方法论的指导下,采用现场调研、现场监测以及数值计算相结合的综合研究手段,并引用了现代数学理论、非线性科学理论以及人工智能技术,通过全线边坡稳定性评价,分析容易破坏的边坡类型,从中选取典型边坡,从工程地质特征分析、监测信息研究以及边坡位移预测三方面,建立起山区高速公路层状岩质高边坡稳定性综合预测的方法。主要研究成果有:
1、系统分析了研究区的工程地质条件,在分析全线边坡稳定性的影响因素的基础上,总结了全线边坡的破坏模式,提出了基于结构面特征的山区高速公路层状岩质边坡稳定性分级标准,根据分级标准对全线边坡进行了稳定性分级。根据稳定性分级结果,提出全线边坡中,容易发生破坏的边坡类型为硬岩顺层边坡和软岩边坡。
2、与常规的变形观测方法相比,GPS观测技术具有不受天气和通视条件影响的优点,可以被应用到山区高速公路的边坡监测中;从观测手段和数据处理两方面采取措施,降低观测误差,并用试验证明了GPS观测技术能满足高速公路边坡监测的精度要求。
3、分析了压力分散型锚索与传统拉力集中型锚索在锚固机理、失效模式和设计方法上的不同,开发并研制出了压力分散型锚索受力状态监测装置。
4、推导了基于位移序列表达的边坡系统的演化方程,应用非线性科学理论和人工智能技术,提出了边坡位移预测的微粒群算法和RBF神经网络算法;推导了边坡位移预测的最大可预测时间,提出了山区高速公路边坡预测的最佳可预测时间;并提出了基于变形分析的高速公路边坡稳定性预测的综合判别准则。
5、以沪蓉西高速公路湖北宜昌-恩施段三处典型边坡为实例,从边坡的工程地质特征分析、监测信息研究以及边坡位移预测三个方面,进行了边坡稳定性预测研究,从工程应用的角度验证了边坡稳定性预测的有效性和工程意义。
In terms of the methodology of system science, and in combination with the modern mathematics theories, the nonlinear science theories and the artificial intelligent technologies as well, this study deals with the stability of the layered rock slope of a section of Hurongxi highway which links Yichang city and Enshi city in Hubei Province by using techniques of field survey, site monitoring and numerical simulation. Through the investigation of the rock slope stability and the classification of the rock slopes with failure proneness along the whole section of Hurongxi highway, and the selection of typical slopes, this dissertation presents a comprehensive landslide prediction approach for high layered rock slopes of highway in mountainous areas considering three aspects, i.e., the characterization of engineering geology, the summarization of monitoring data, and the prediction of slope displacements. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:
1.The engineering geological condition of the area of interest is systematically analyzed, and on the basis of the analysis of affecting factors of slope stability, the slope failure modes along the whole section of Hurongxi highway are summarized, the classification criteria for stability of layered rock slopes in mountainous areas, which is based on the structural interface features, are proposed. Moreover, according to these classification criteria, the stability classification of all the highway slopes is performed. The results of stability classification indicate that amongst all the slopes along this highway section, the slopes which are liable to slide are the hard rock bedding slopes and the soft rock slopes.
2、Compared with the conventional methods for deformation measurement, the GPS technique can not be affected by the weather and vision condition, on this account, it can be used to monitor the slopes of highways in mountainous regions. Nevertheless, to reduce the observation error, countermeasures have to be adopted from the aspects of monitoring techniques and the data processing. Through field test, this study proves that the GPS technique can favorably meet the precision request of slope monitoring.
3、For the concentrated-tension-type cable and the dispersive-pressure-type cable, their differences on the anchoring mechanism, the failure modes and the design methods are analyzed, and a corresponding device for monitoring the stress state of the dispersive-pressure -type cables is developed.
4、The evolution equation of slope system based on displacement sequence is deduced, and the PSO algorithm as well as the RBF NN algorithm for slope displacement forecasting are proposed by using the non-linear science theory and the artificial intelligent technology. The maximum forecasting time and the optimal forecasting time for slope displacement forecasting of highway in mountainous regions are given. Furthermore, the comprehensive judgement criterion for slope stability of highway in mountainous regions based on deformation analysis is proposed.
5、Taking three typical slopes along Hurongxi highway as the examples, the slope stability prediction is conducted considering three aspects, i.e., the characterization of engineering geology, the summarization of monitoring data, and the prediction of slope displacements. Consequently, the validity as well as the applicable value of the slope stability prediction is verified from the viewpoint of practical engineering.
1、系统分析了研究区的工程地质条件,在分析全线边坡稳定性的影响因素的基础上,总结了全线边坡的破坏模式,提出了基于结构面特征的山区高速公路层状岩质边坡稳定性分级标准,根据分级标准对全线边坡进行了稳定性分级。根据稳定性分级结果,提出全线边坡中,容易发生破坏的边坡类型为硬岩顺层边坡和软岩边坡。
2、与常规的变形观测方法相比,GPS观测技术具有不受天气和通视条件影响的优点,可以被应用到山区高速公路的边坡监测中;从观测手段和数据处理两方面采取措施,降低观测误差,并用试验证明了GPS观测技术能满足高速公路边坡监测的精度要求。
3、分析了压力分散型锚索与传统拉力集中型锚索在锚固机理、失效模式和设计方法上的不同,开发并研制出了压力分散型锚索受力状态监测装置。
4、推导了基于位移序列表达的边坡系统的演化方程,应用非线性科学理论和人工智能技术,提出了边坡位移预测的微粒群算法和RBF神经网络算法;推导了边坡位移预测的最大可预测时间,提出了山区高速公路边坡预测的最佳可预测时间;并提出了基于变形分析的高速公路边坡稳定性预测的综合判别准则。
5、以沪蓉西高速公路湖北宜昌-恩施段三处典型边坡为实例,从边坡的工程地质特征分析、监测信息研究以及边坡位移预测三个方面,进行了边坡稳定性预测研究,从工程应用的角度验证了边坡稳定性预测的有效性和工程意义。
In terms of the methodology of system science, and in combination with the modern mathematics theories, the nonlinear science theories and the artificial intelligent technologies as well, this study deals with the stability of the layered rock slope of a section of Hurongxi highway which links Yichang city and Enshi city in Hubei Province by using techniques of field survey, site monitoring and numerical simulation. Through the investigation of the rock slope stability and the classification of the rock slopes with failure proneness along the whole section of Hurongxi highway, and the selection of typical slopes, this dissertation presents a comprehensive landslide prediction approach for high layered rock slopes of highway in mountainous areas considering three aspects, i.e., the characterization of engineering geology, the summarization of monitoring data, and the prediction of slope displacements. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:
1.The engineering geological condition of the area of interest is systematically analyzed, and on the basis of the analysis of affecting factors of slope stability, the slope failure modes along the whole section of Hurongxi highway are summarized, the classification criteria for stability of layered rock slopes in mountainous areas, which is based on the structural interface features, are proposed. Moreover, according to these classification criteria, the stability classification of all the highway slopes is performed. The results of stability classification indicate that amongst all the slopes along this highway section, the slopes which are liable to slide are the hard rock bedding slopes and the soft rock slopes.
2、Compared with the conventional methods for deformation measurement, the GPS technique can not be affected by the weather and vision condition, on this account, it can be used to monitor the slopes of highways in mountainous regions. Nevertheless, to reduce the observation error, countermeasures have to be adopted from the aspects of monitoring techniques and the data processing. Through field test, this study proves that the GPS technique can favorably meet the precision request of slope monitoring.
3、For the concentrated-tension-type cable and the dispersive-pressure-type cable, their differences on the anchoring mechanism, the failure modes and the design methods are analyzed, and a corresponding device for monitoring the stress state of the dispersive-pressure -type cables is developed.
4、The evolution equation of slope system based on displacement sequence is deduced, and the PSO algorithm as well as the RBF NN algorithm for slope displacement forecasting are proposed by using the non-linear science theory and the artificial intelligent technology. The maximum forecasting time and the optimal forecasting time for slope displacement forecasting of highway in mountainous regions are given. Furthermore, the comprehensive judgement criterion for slope stability of highway in mountainous regions based on deformation analysis is proposed.
5、Taking three typical slopes along Hurongxi highway as the examples, the slope stability prediction is conducted considering three aspects, i.e., the characterization of engineering geology, the summarization of monitoring data, and the prediction of slope displacements. Consequently, the validity as well as the applicable value of the slope stability prediction is verified from the viewpoint of practical engineering.
引文
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