遥感蚀变信息场及其应用研究
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摘要
围岩蚀变是热液成矿作用发生过程的一个重要标志。蚀变矿物中典型离子或基团的诊断性波谱特征为利用遥感数据提取蚀变信息提供了理论依据。本论文在详细研究蚀变矿物中典型离子或基团的诊断性波谱特征和线、环构造信息、矿床(点)空间重复再现规律、岩浆岩分布等空间信息的基础上,把蚀变矿物的波谱信息与蚀变岩存在的空间信息相关联,提出了遥感蚀变信息场理念。并阐述了遥感蚀变信息场的性质、特点及地学意义。基于遥感蚀变信息场理念,利用多元统计学方法,建立了北方落叶时相遥感蚀变信息提取模型和研究区蚀变信息模式识别字典,在地表植被覆盖度大于80%的吉林省东部小西南岔铜金矿及其外围地区,利用多光谱遥感数据进行矿化蚀变信息提取,为吉东小西南岔铜金矿探矿取得突破性进展提供了有指导价值的依据。
Remote sensing technique has become a dvanced technique ways for Land & Resources investigation and inspection and has become one of the important technical ways in exploartion. Wallrock alteration is an important indication in the process of hydrothermal mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration minerals’diagnostic spectral characteristics exit in short wave infrared bands, which is the minerals characteristics. We can attain lots of alteration wallrocks distribution anomalous information, which can not be observed in common technical ways. Study on wallrock alteration can help to illuminate the physical and chemical conditions and the cause of deposit in the process of hydrothermal deposit forming. Also, it is one of important indication for exploitation.
Alteration information refers to synthetical spectral information including all kinds of background spectrum reflected by integrative wallrocks in the spatial entity which is benefit to the metallization taking place in the remote sensing imagery. The background spectrum refers to some environment background such as the spectrum of soil, vegetation, and etc. Under the effect of hydrotherm, the rocks, which are the mineral components, chemistry elements and structure changed, is called alteration wallrock, because of it usually presented round the hydrothermal deposit. Alteration wallrock is different to the normal wallrock in the mineral components, chemistry elements, rock structure and color, so it takes on different colors and textures in multi-band remote sensing image between alteration wallrocks and normal wallrocks.
Extracting the alteration information related to the mineralization, which is related to land surface condition, alteration type, alteration intensity, selected data type and available data time for seeking wallrock alteration information concerned the mineralization. The difference of geographic positions lie on styles of weathering, soil, vegetation, climate, and etc. Selecting the remote sensing data acquired in the late autumn or early spring can debase vegetation disturb.
There are three models in extracting the alteration information in the badly covered by vegetation field:①synthetical spectral model of using spectrum of vegetation and rock.②Model of eliminating the vegetable spectrum effects;③Model of mining the vegetable spectrum information.
The synthetical spectral information model uses the original remote sensing data and does not exit the spetral distortion complication. The information quantity of the synthetcal spectral information model is more than the other models. There is further perspective using the synthetical spectral information for alteration information extraction. In the paper, on the basis of the synthetical spectral information mdoel,the author modifies the model and extracts the alteration information.The topic pick out“Information extractioin information method research of remote sensing controlling mine based on GIS”and“multivariable metallogenesis target prediction of Jindong Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit”.The study of alteration information extracton is at Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit in east of Jilin province, in which more than 80% is covered by perennial forest and in Dongkunlun of Qinghai province. Attained the key results are listed as follow:
1.Remote sensing alteration field establishment
The informatioin included in remote sensing information is mainly spectral information characteristics, spatial information characteristics and time information characteristics. Based on the physical model and math ways, retmote sensing information basic quality can be synthesized and analysed to enhance the identification capability of chaned information in multi-band images. How to integrate the spectral information with spatial information to full use the spectral and spatial information in order to mine hidden information and find new knowledge, which has become focus on problem for remote sensing workers. In the paper, based on study the characteristic alteration mineral ions diagnostic spectral characters, analyzing the mineralization spatial iteration appearance law and integrated with the linear texture direction probability, linear structure spatial iteration appearance law and deposit, remote sensing alteration field standpoint has been established. Alteration information field is fountain field and its fountains are heat fountain. The point field-strength,linear field-strength, field-strength overlap,field gradient,alteration information quantity math expressions and their means in geology field are both put forward.Alteration information radiance, alteration information point, alteration information quantity and so on of the alteration field qualities are made certain. At last, complication resulted in alteration information pollution and alteration charcters and means are described in detail.
2 Study the extracting the alteration information model fit to the field of the badly convered by perennial forest
According to the alteration wallrocks spatial distributing characteristic of Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit, the ions including in the characteristic alteration mineral spectral information acted as spectral information vectors and linear direction probability acted as spatial characteristic variable, based on remote sensing alteration and multi-variable statistical theory, the model identification dictionary and the statistical identification model of Jidong Xiaoxinancha have been established.Calculated Linear textures field-strength mean and alteraton information quantity, predictive field linear textures field-strength means have been classified by the distance into two classes.One is alteration information,the other is not alteration information. At last, the alteration information extraction ways of surface bedrocks bareness(Beishan mine zone) and forest covered(Nanshan mine zone and xiaoxinancha adjacent field) are contrast to analysis.
3 Remote sensing alteration information extraction in bedrock barness filed in the middle field of the Qinghai Dongkunlu
Based on Qingha dongkunlun characteristic and remote sensing information field, analysed on remote sensing line and ring structure interpret and its characterics of deposits(mineralization), the study field exploration models of remote sensing image have been established.With the spatial iteration appearance law of the deposit(mineralization), remote sensing metallization predictive units has been established.According to ferric and hydroxy spectral characteristics in the ETM+ remote sesnig data,.ferric and hydroxy information has been enhanced in ETM+ remote sensing and integrated ferric information with hydrxoy information. Integrated the spatial information with spectral information of alteration information, alteration information extraction has been done in the bedrocks bareness field of Qinghai Dongkunlun, which will instrut us to investigate resources.
4 Main innovation and new development
(1) Integrated spatial information with spectral information in remote sensing, according to the filed theory, remote sensing alteration information field has been put forward. Characteristics, property, academic and geological mean are depicted.
(2) Based on the remote sensing alteration information field, the model identification dictionary and the statistical identification model of Jidong Xiaoxinancha have been established.
(3) Alteration information extraction ways of surface bedrocks bareness(Beishan mine zone) and forest covered(Nanshan mine zone and xiaoxinancha adjacent field) are contrast to analysis.The south of F14 fault exploration perspective in Beishan and whether 11th vein passing Xiangfang river fault in Nanshan are given unique interpretation.
(4) Exploration model of remote sensing image has been established.in remote sensing field in Qinghai Dongkunlun. Based on the model and geology analogy idea, remote sensing metallization predictive units has been established and extracted alteration information in units,which will instrut us to investigate resources.
Remote sensing technique has become a dvanced technique ways for Land & Resources investigation and inspection and has become one of the important technical ways in exploartion. Wallrock alteration is an important indication in the process of hydrothermal mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration minerals’diagnostic spectral characteristics exit in short wave infrared bands, which is the minerals characteristics. We can attain lots of alteration wallrocks distribution anomalous information, which can not be observed in common technical ways. Study on wallrock alteration can help to illuminate the physical and chemical conditions and the cause of deposit in the process of hydrothermal deposit forming. Also, it is one of important indication for exploitation.
Alteration information refers to synthetical spectral information including all kinds of background spectrum reflected by integrative wallrocks in the spatial entity which is benefit to the metallization taking place in the remote sensing imagery. The background spectrum refers to some environment background such as the spectrum of soil, vegetation, and etc. Under the effect of hydrotherm, the rocks, which are the mineral components, chemistry elements and structure changed, is called alteration wallrock, because of it usually presented round the hydrothermal deposit. Alteration wallrock is different to the normal wallrock in the mineral components, chemistry elements, rock structure and color, so it takes on different colors and textures in multi-band remote sensing image between alteration wallrocks and normal wallrocks.
Extracting the alteration information related to the mineralization, which is related to land surface condition, alteration type, alteration intensity, selected data type and available data time for seeking wallrock alteration information concerned the mineralization. The difference of geographic positions lie on styles of weathering, soil, vegetation, climate, and etc. Selecting the remote sensing data acquired in the late autumn or early spring can debase vegetation disturb.
There are three models in extracting the alteration information in the badly covered by vegetation field:①synthetical spectral model of using spectrum of vegetation and rock.②Model of eliminating the vegetable spectrum effects;③Model of mining the vegetable spectrum information.
The synthetical spectral information model uses the original remote sensing data and does not exit the spetral distortion complication. The information quantity of the synthetcal spectral information model is more than the other models. There is further perspective using the synthetical spectral information for alteration information extraction. In the paper, on the basis of the synthetical spectral information mdoel,the author modifies the model and extracts the alteration information.The topic pick out“Information extractioin information method research of remote sensing controlling mine based on GIS”and“multivariable metallogenesis target prediction of Jindong Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit”.The study of alteration information extracton is at Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit in east of Jilin province, in which more than 80% is covered by perennial forest and in Dongkunlun of Qinghai province. Attained the key results are listed as follow:
1.Remote sensing alteration field establishment
The informatioin included in remote sensing information is mainly spectral information characteristics, spatial information characteristics and time information characteristics. Based on the physical model and math ways, retmote sensing information basic quality can be synthesized and analysed to enhance the identification capability of chaned information in multi-band images. How to integrate the spectral information with spatial information to full use the spectral and spatial information in order to mine hidden information and find new knowledge, which has become focus on problem for remote sensing workers. In the paper, based on study the characteristic alteration mineral ions diagnostic spectral characters, analyzing the mineralization spatial iteration appearance law and integrated with the linear texture direction probability, linear structure spatial iteration appearance law and deposit, remote sensing alteration field standpoint has been established. Alteration information field is fountain field and its fountains are heat fountain. The point field-strength,linear field-strength, field-strength overlap,field gradient,alteration information quantity math expressions and their means in geology field are both put forward.Alteration information radiance, alteration information point, alteration information quantity and so on of the alteration field qualities are made certain. At last, complication resulted in alteration information pollution and alteration charcters and means are described in detail.
2 Study the extracting the alteration information model fit to the field of the badly convered by perennial forest
According to the alteration wallrocks spatial distributing characteristic of Xiaoxinancha copper and gold deposit, the ions including in the characteristic alteration mineral spectral information acted as spectral information vectors and linear direction probability acted as spatial characteristic variable, based on remote sensing alteration and multi-variable statistical theory, the model identification dictionary and the statistical identification model of Jidong Xiaoxinancha have been established.Calculated Linear textures field-strength mean and alteraton information quantity, predictive field linear textures field-strength means have been classified by the distance into two classes.One is alteration information,the other is not alteration information. At last, the alteration information extraction ways of surface bedrocks bareness(Beishan mine zone) and forest covered(Nanshan mine zone and xiaoxinancha adjacent field) are contrast to analysis.
3 Remote sensing alteration information extraction in bedrock barness filed in the middle field of the Qinghai Dongkunlu
Based on Qingha dongkunlun characteristic and remote sensing information field, analysed on remote sensing line and ring structure interpret and its characterics of deposits(mineralization), the study field exploration models of remote sensing image have been established.With the spatial iteration appearance law of the deposit(mineralization), remote sensing metallization predictive units has been established.According to ferric and hydroxy spectral characteristics in the ETM+ remote sesnig data,.ferric and hydroxy information has been enhanced in ETM+ remote sensing and integrated ferric information with hydrxoy information. Integrated the spatial information with spectral information of alteration information, alteration information extraction has been done in the bedrocks bareness field of Qinghai Dongkunlun, which will instrut us to investigate resources.
4 Main innovation and new development
(1) Integrated spatial information with spectral information in remote sensing, according to the filed theory, remote sensing alteration information field has been put forward. Characteristics, property, academic and geological mean are depicted.
(2) Based on the remote sensing alteration information field, the model identification dictionary and the statistical identification model of Jidong Xiaoxinancha have been established.
(3) Alteration information extraction ways of surface bedrocks bareness(Beishan mine zone) and forest covered(Nanshan mine zone and xiaoxinancha adjacent field) are contrast to analysis.The south of F14 fault exploration perspective in Beishan and whether 11th vein passing Xiangfang river fault in Nanshan are given unique interpretation.
(4) Exploration model of remote sensing image has been established.in remote sensing field in Qinghai Dongkunlun. Based on the model and geology analogy idea, remote sensing metallization predictive units has been established and extracted alteration information in units,which will instrut us to investigate resources.
引文
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