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1997-2003年新疆伽师震源区特征的地震学方法研究
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摘要
1997年、1998年和2003年,在新疆维吾尔自治区伽师-巴楚县约400km~2的范围内,分别发生了三组显著的强震(群)活动(本论文统称为伽师震源区)。本论文对伽师强震的发震构造及其破裂特征,强震迁移过程及应力场状态等做了较系统的研究。通过研究地壳的精细速度结构,揭示了震源区的介质环境;通过首次对1997-2003年研究区发生的地震进行系统的精确定位和强震的矩张量反演研究,得到了对强震的发震构造及其活动特征的新认识;通过在研究区首次使用宽频带数字地震波形资料反演中等强度地震的矩张量,进一步分析了震源区的应力场状态;通过对三次强震破裂的时空过程进行研究,对不同类型强震的破裂特征及其前、余震发生的位置和机制与主震破裂的关系取得了一些重要的认识。本论文得到的主要结论有:
     根据双差层析成像得到的震源区小尺度三维速度结构反演结果,1997年伽师强震群震源区所处的介质环境为显著的低P波速度、低波速比区域。推测这可能与伽师震源区存在流体有关。
     对1998年4-10月两个台阵记录的1024次地震进行了三维定位;对1997-2003年1155次地震采用波形互相关技术进行了双差定位。精确定位后,地震震源深度分布在14-32km,优势分布于16-26km。1997年的强震群集中在不到40km×40km的很小的范围,优势分布方向为NE向。相对于1997年强震群,1998年的两次强震往东南迁移,呈NE向条带展布;2003年2月24日6.8地震进一步往南发展,余震活动范围更广,形成了复杂的共轭分布图像。根据强震远震波形的矩张量反演及Harvard大学的结果表明,三次强震(群)活动不但在空间和强度上表现出显著不同的特征,而且其震源机制多样,与震源区附近的历史地震机制不同。1997年强震群中7次Ms≥6.0地震震源机制解以走滑活动为主,存在正断层类型的地震;1998年两次6级地震分别为正断层和走滑机制;而2003年6.8地震则为逆断层机制。
     根据精确定位后的地震空间图像以及强震矩张量反演得到的震源机制解,确定震源区内主要存在NNW向、NE向以及SEE向发震构造,都为高倾角断层。1997年4月6-16日期间的4次6级地震形成了NNW向构造F_1,倾角为60°左右,是正断层兼右旋走滑性质的破裂机制。1997年1月21、3月1日及1998年8月2日的发震构造为NE走向的F_2断层,倾角70°左右,是正断层兼左旋走滑性质的破裂机制。1998年8月27日地震的发震构造F_3几乎直立,走向NE,是典型的左旋走滑断裂。NE向的F_3与F_2断层平行,NNW向的F_1在1997年的震源区切断F_2和F_3。2003年2月24日Ms6.8地震的发震断层较为复杂,余震平面分
During the year of 1997, 1998 and 2003, three groups of strong earthquakes (total of 10 with magnitude equal or greater than Ms6.0) occurred in a small area between Jiashi and Bachu counties in Xinjiang autonomous region, western China (Hereinafter is called the Jiashi source region), separately. In order to get a more systematic knowledge about the characteristics of the source region for the whole time period, seismological studies are conducted on the seismic fault structures, the rupture process of strong earthquakes, the temporal-spatial migrating process of earthquakes, as well as the state of stress field. By applying double difference tomography method to the arrival time data recorded by two temporal seismic arrays, a high resolution velocity structure was imaged, providing us information of the medium environment in and around the source area. By relocating earthquakes occurred in the period from 1997 to 2003 systematically for the first time, combined with the focal mechanisms of the main shock, seismic fault structures and their rupture manners are revealed. Through performing the moment tensor inversion using 3-component broadband seismic waves at regional distances, the focal mechanisms for 54 moderate-sized earthquakes are determined, which offsets the gap of no moment tensor solutions for moderate-sized earthquakes in Jiashi source region previously. And furthermore, the state of stress field is investigated using stress tensor inversion method. Through the source rupture process inversion of three Ms6 earthquakes, some important conclusions have been obtained about the features of rupture process of events with different focal mechanisms, about the relationship between the main shock rupture and the aftershock location, as well as about the relationship between the main shock slip and the aftershock's focal mechanisms. The main results of this thesis are summarized as follows:
    According to the results of double difference tomography, low P velocity and low Vp/Vs are detected in the source region of 1997 strong earthquake swarm, suggesting the existence of fluids within high aspects fractures in and around the source region.
    1024 events from Apr. to Oct.1998 were precisely relocated by using 3-D velocity
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