基于Mie散射的微粒浓度和粒度测试的理论与实验研究
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摘要
微粒测试是一项涉及多学科、多领域的技术。由于自然界多数固体物质都是以微粒的形式存在:天然物质如土壤、泥沙、大气粉尘、谷物面粉、蔗糖等;人工物料如煤粉、催化剂、水泥、化肥、颜料、药品等,故与微粒测试和应用有关的技术在环保、石化、医药、化工、煤炭、海洋、水利、冶金、建材、地质、食品等多个工业领域中都有着广泛的应用。
微粒浓度、粒度检测的原理很多,采用光学方法是利用微粒与光的相互作用时所表现的现象和特性,手段众多,各种手段中应用了不同的测试原理和光学系统。
论文的主要工作如下:
本文第二章通过分析微粒与光相互作用时所表现的典型特性,比较了常用和典型的测试技术手段及方法,介绍了基于 Mie 散射理论的激光微粒测试方法。第三章中总结、阐述了 Mie 散射理论中所提出的物理概念、公式及意义,为进一步计算奠定基础。通过散射光强的测定而要想获得微粒粒度必须有微粒散射的理论依据,即通过实验数据与理论计算结果和散射图形进行分析比较;为此第四章根据 Mie 散射理论的两个强度分布函数,计算了微粒散射系数,描绘了微粒的散射图像。本文第五章讨论了以激光后向散射测量微粒浓度的方法和测量理论依据,应用光纤传感器及自制的模拟烟囱进行了实验室测试,实验结果表明微粒粒度小于 10 微米,在一定浓度范围测试的技术手段、方法是
Particulate measurement is one of multi-discipline and multi-fieldtechnologies. It is known that most solid substances exist in the form ofparticulate including the nature substances such as soil, silt, atmosphere dust,flour of grain and sucrose, as well as artificial substances such as powder coal,catalyst, cement, chemical fertilizer, pigment and drug. Therefore, thetechnology related to measuring particulate and its application has a wideapplication in many industrial fields such as environmental protection,petrochemicals, medicine, coal, ocean, water conservancy, metallurgy, buildingmaterials, geology and foodstuff, etc.
Although there are various principles to test particulate density andgranularity at present, the optical method has the meaning of further research forits peculiar features.
The main contents are as follows:
In chapter 2 the author analyzes the typical characteristics of the interactionbetween particulate and optical, reviews some related literatures aboutparticulate measurement, and compares the common measuring techniques andmethods with the typical ones. The laser particulate measuring method based onMie Scattering Theory is introduced, too. In the chapter 3 some related physicalconcepts, formulas and meanings in Mie Scattering Theory are summarized andillustrated, which will lay a solid foundation for further calculation. To get thegranularity of particulate by testing the intensity of scattering light, it isnecessary to know the theory of particulate scattering, i.e. comparing thescattering figure. According to two functions of intensity distribution based onMie scattering, scattering coefficient and efficiency factor of granularity arecalculated and scattering figure of granularity is described in the chapter 4. Thetesting method and its principle featuring the laser retro-scattering are putforward. On the basis of experiment with optical sensor and home-madesimulation chimney, it is feasible that this method is effective in a certain densityrange when the granularity is less than 10μm. In the chapter 6, the project formeasuring the density of granularity is given. The measurement data ofparticulate granularity and the method of calibrating granularity by slope will be
put into practice in one state owned enterprise.The innovations are as follows:1 After analyzing and calculating the relation between the intensity ofscatted light and the granularity,the project and measuring system are designed.The experiment results verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation. Theslope relation between the intensity of scatted light and the granularity is usedfirstly to calibrate the granularity.2 The project of retro-lens is put forward to measure granularity in theactual smoking tunnel, increasing the optical path and decreasing difficulty incollimation.3 According to theoretical analysis and simulation, the back scattedmeasurement project of granularity is given using optical-fiber-sensor. Thecorrectness and feasibility of theoretical calculation and practical applicationare verified.4 The Mie Scattering Theory is fully studied;scattering coefficient andefficient factor are calculated and simulated.
微粒浓度、粒度检测的原理很多,采用光学方法是利用微粒与光的相互作用时所表现的现象和特性,手段众多,各种手段中应用了不同的测试原理和光学系统。
论文的主要工作如下:
本文第二章通过分析微粒与光相互作用时所表现的典型特性,比较了常用和典型的测试技术手段及方法,介绍了基于 Mie 散射理论的激光微粒测试方法。第三章中总结、阐述了 Mie 散射理论中所提出的物理概念、公式及意义,为进一步计算奠定基础。通过散射光强的测定而要想获得微粒粒度必须有微粒散射的理论依据,即通过实验数据与理论计算结果和散射图形进行分析比较;为此第四章根据 Mie 散射理论的两个强度分布函数,计算了微粒散射系数,描绘了微粒的散射图像。本文第五章讨论了以激光后向散射测量微粒浓度的方法和测量理论依据,应用光纤传感器及自制的模拟烟囱进行了实验室测试,实验结果表明微粒粒度小于 10 微米,在一定浓度范围测试的技术手段、方法是
Particulate measurement is one of multi-discipline and multi-fieldtechnologies. It is known that most solid substances exist in the form ofparticulate including the nature substances such as soil, silt, atmosphere dust,flour of grain and sucrose, as well as artificial substances such as powder coal,catalyst, cement, chemical fertilizer, pigment and drug. Therefore, thetechnology related to measuring particulate and its application has a wideapplication in many industrial fields such as environmental protection,petrochemicals, medicine, coal, ocean, water conservancy, metallurgy, buildingmaterials, geology and foodstuff, etc.
Although there are various principles to test particulate density andgranularity at present, the optical method has the meaning of further research forits peculiar features.
The main contents are as follows:
In chapter 2 the author analyzes the typical characteristics of the interactionbetween particulate and optical, reviews some related literatures aboutparticulate measurement, and compares the common measuring techniques andmethods with the typical ones. The laser particulate measuring method based onMie Scattering Theory is introduced, too. In the chapter 3 some related physicalconcepts, formulas and meanings in Mie Scattering Theory are summarized andillustrated, which will lay a solid foundation for further calculation. To get thegranularity of particulate by testing the intensity of scattering light, it isnecessary to know the theory of particulate scattering, i.e. comparing thescattering figure. According to two functions of intensity distribution based onMie scattering, scattering coefficient and efficiency factor of granularity arecalculated and scattering figure of granularity is described in the chapter 4. Thetesting method and its principle featuring the laser retro-scattering are putforward. On the basis of experiment with optical sensor and home-madesimulation chimney, it is feasible that this method is effective in a certain densityrange when the granularity is less than 10μm. In the chapter 6, the project formeasuring the density of granularity is given. The measurement data ofparticulate granularity and the method of calibrating granularity by slope will be
put into practice in one state owned enterprise.The innovations are as follows:1 After analyzing and calculating the relation between the intensity ofscatted light and the granularity,the project and measuring system are designed.The experiment results verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation. Theslope relation between the intensity of scatted light and the granularity is usedfirstly to calibrate the granularity.2 The project of retro-lens is put forward to measure granularity in theactual smoking tunnel, increasing the optical path and decreasing difficulty incollimation.3 According to theoretical analysis and simulation, the back scattedmeasurement project of granularity is given using optical-fiber-sensor. Thecorrectness and feasibility of theoretical calculation and practical applicationare verified.4 The Mie Scattering Theory is fully studied;scattering coefficient andefficient factor are calculated and simulated.
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