钢管自应力免振混凝土轴压柱设计理论研究
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摘要
钢管混凝土结构能充分发挥钢管和混凝土两种材料的作用,具有优越的力学性能。混凝土是否充满整个钢管,均匀,密实,都将影响钢管混凝土的力学性能,进而影响到整个结构的安全使用。如何保证核心混凝土的施工质量是施工中的难题,由于核心混凝土施工质量不好而出现的事故时有发生。普通混凝土在硬化过程中产生收缩,使钢管的约束作用降低。另外,在持续荷载作用下,混凝土的徐变会使钢管应力逐渐增加,应力大到一定程度就会引起钢管局部破坏。本文将自应力混凝土和自密实混凝土技术应用于钢管混凝土中,利用自密实混凝土高流动性且不离析的特性,保证了核心混凝土的均匀和密实,克服了拱和长柱施工的困难。自应力混凝土在硬化过程中产生体积膨胀,在钢管的约束下核心混凝土加载前就处于三向受压状态 加载过程中钢管侧向约束作用得到充分发挥,使得钢管自应力混凝土的力学性能较普通钢管混凝土有所提高。已有的研究表明,自应力混凝土产生的膨胀变形以及自应力可以长期保持稳定,这就意味着在钢管中浇筑自应力混凝土可以完全避免普通混凝土因收缩产生的约束效应降低问题;同时,在使用荷载下自应力混凝土的徐变明显小于普通混凝土的徐变,从而获得钢管和自应力核心混凝土长期应变协调性,确保钢管自应力混凝土承载力长期稳定。本文通过试验和理论分析,主要研究了钢管自应力免振混凝土柱的变形和受力性能,主要有以下几个方面:
1、通过试验,研究了自应力混凝土的早期力学性能和膨胀变形的时变性规律。试验表明:使用硫铝酸盐自应力水泥,通过调整自应力混凝土的配合比,可以配制出具有自密实性的自应力混凝土。硫铝酸盐自应力混凝土早期强度发展非常快,1天的抗压强度就可以达到28天的50%以上,弹性模量达到28天的80%以上。在钢管的约束下,自应力混凝土的侧向初始应力能达到3～6MPa。计算分析中发现徐变变形和弹性变形大约能占有效自由膨胀变形的2/3,这两部分变形在计算中不容忽视;本文建立了徐变模式下的有效自由膨胀变形随龄期变化的计算公式。在此基础上通过回归分析得到了不同含钢率条件下限制膨胀变形与有效自由膨胀变形的关系,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。根据本文推导的限制膨胀变形计算公式可以计算出各个龄期时各种含钢率下的限制膨胀变形,根据内力平衡条件就可以得到初始自应力值。
2、通过钢管自应力混凝土轴心受压短柱试验,研究了初始自应力对其力学性能的影响。讨论了混凝土强度等级、含钢率,自应力水平等因素对极限承载力的影响。试验
The function of concrete and steel tube can be fully exerted in concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) structure, CFT shows excellent mechanical performance. Whether concrete is fully, uniformly and compactly filled the whole steel tube will influence the mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tube distinctly, and then influence the safety of the whole structure. However, it is difficult to guarantee the construction quality of concrete core while constructing, so that the accident happens frequently. In addition the creep and shrinkage deformation of concrete core will increase under sustained load, it can cause stress redistribution of concrete and steel tube, sometimes a local failure of steel tube occurs when the stress increases to a high level. The technology of self-stressing concrete and self-compacting concrete is applied to CFT in this paper. Self-compacting concrete with high flow ability and segregation resistance can guarantee concrete core uniform and compact, and overcome the shortcoming of arch and long column construction difficulty. Self-stressing concrete core produces volume expansion while hydrating. Concrete core restrained by steel tube is compressed in three directions. The lateral confinement of steel tube is fully utilized. Compared with conversional CFT, the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete-filled steel tube is improved. Existing research indicates that expansion and self-stress produced by self-stressing concrete can remain stable for a long time, so the confinement degradation caused by creep and shrinkage in conversional CFT can be prevented using self-stressing concrete in CFT; Meanwhile, the creep deformation of self-stressing concrete core under accepted load is smaller than plain concrete, so the deformation of steel tube will keep together with self-stressing concrete in a long-term, the carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube will be stable in a long-term too. The mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube under axial load is researched through test and theoretical analysis. The major results are summarized as follows:1. The early age mechanical performance and expansive performance of self-stressing concrete is researched through test. The result of the test shows: self-stressing concrete with self-compacting ability can be obtained through adjusting mixture proportions. The strength of self-stressing concrete made with sulphoaluminate expansive cement develops very fast in early age. Compressive strength at 1 day can be up to more than 50% of compressive strength at 28 days; elastic modulus at 1 day can be up to more than 80% of elastic modulus at 28 days. The
self-stress of concrete restrained by steel tube can reach to 3~6MPa. It is found that the creep and elastic deformation can occupy about 2/3 of effective expansive deformation; these two parts of deformation can't be ignored in calculating. The calculating formula for effective expansive deformation varied with time is proposed in this paper, creep deformation is considered in the formula. On this basis of test results, the relationship of effective expansive deformation to restrained expansive deformation in different steel area to concrete area ratio is obtained through regression analysis. The results of calculation accord with the results of the test better. The calculating formula for restrained expansive deformation proposed in the paper can calculate restrained expansive deformation in different age. The initial self-stress can be obtained through internal force equilibrium condition.2^ The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column is researched through test. The factors that have effect on ultimate strength of short column, such as compressive strength of concrete, the area of steel tube to concrete core ratio, self-stress level, is discussed here. The result of the test shows: because of the effect of initial self-stress, the elastic working range of short column is extended to 90% of ultimate strength; the ultimate strength has improvement too. The concept of self-stress level is introduced in this paper, self-stress level is defined as initial self-stress to concrete strength ratio, how the self-stress level has effect on the ultimate strength is analyzed .The result of calculation indicates: the relationship of ultimate strength increment to self-stress level can be expressed by quadratic parabola. The summit of curve is optimal self-stress level, namely, the ultimate strength can be improved to the maximum extent when self-stress level reach to the optimal self-stress level. Based on the test result, the optimal self-stress level can be calculated, which is 0.116. With the deformation compatibility conditions and equilibrium conditions, the numerical analysis model is established using integral method. Load-deformation curves of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column is simulated; it is help to understand the working mechanism of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column.3. The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance long column is researched through test. The factors that have effect on ultimate strength of long column, such as slenderness ratio, self-stress level, are disgussed. The result of the test shows: Because long column failed in different form, so initial stress has different influence on the mechanical performance of long column. The long column that happened stability disruption is still in elastic working range before failure. The function of initial stress is not fully exerted; initial stress has little influence on the mechanical performance of long column. The long column happened strength disruption, it is because concrete core is squish and the confinement of steel
tube is lost, the function of initial stress is fully exerted. Compared with conventional CFT, the carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube can be improved about 31%. Slendemess ratio is still the main factor that influences the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube. Based on test results, the relation of carrying capacity increment to slendemess ratio is obtained through regression analysis. The carting capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube can be obtained on that.4.. Test on the long-term mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube under axial load is carried on. The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance in long term is researched. The result of the test shows: Though the initial lateral stress can restrain the development of axial creep deformation, compare with conventional concrete core that bears the same load, the axial initial stress will increase stress ratio, the creep deformation of self-stressing concrete core will greater than conventional concrete core, but it is smaller than plain concrete. The ACI creep model and BP-KX creep model is applied in this paper. With deformation compatibility conditions and equilibrium conditions, the numerical model is established using age-adjusted effective modulus method, the calculating results agree with test results well. How self-stress level has effect on the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube is analyzed on the basis of numerical model, so with concrete compressive strength and the area of steel tube to concrete core ratio. The coefficient of stress redistribution is deduced in the paper, the change of load that steel tube carried can be calculated through it, so the long-term carrying capacity can be calculated on the basis of the confficient. The formula reflects the factors that have effect on the long-term carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube.A new approach that self-stressing concrete can be applied is put forward in this paper. The expansive energy of expansive cement is fully utilized. The calculating theory of self-stressing concrete restrained by steel tube is solved. It makes a good foundation for self-stressing concrete applied in concrete-filled steel tube. The confinement degradation of steel tube cause by creep of concrete core is solved too, at the same time, the carrying capacity degradation of steel tube concrete in long-term is solved effectively too. Self-compacting concrete can guarantee the construction quality of concrete core, the difficult problem in construction can be easily solved. Test and theoretical analysis on this kind of CFT is carried on, it provides useful data for this new kind of CFT applied in actual proj ect.
1、通过试验,研究了自应力混凝土的早期力学性能和膨胀变形的时变性规律。试验表明:使用硫铝酸盐自应力水泥,通过调整自应力混凝土的配合比,可以配制出具有自密实性的自应力混凝土。硫铝酸盐自应力混凝土早期强度发展非常快,1天的抗压强度就可以达到28天的50%以上,弹性模量达到28天的80%以上。在钢管的约束下,自应力混凝土的侧向初始应力能达到3～6MPa。计算分析中发现徐变变形和弹性变形大约能占有效自由膨胀变形的2/3,这两部分变形在计算中不容忽视;本文建立了徐变模式下的有效自由膨胀变形随龄期变化的计算公式。在此基础上通过回归分析得到了不同含钢率条件下限制膨胀变形与有效自由膨胀变形的关系,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。根据本文推导的限制膨胀变形计算公式可以计算出各个龄期时各种含钢率下的限制膨胀变形,根据内力平衡条件就可以得到初始自应力值。
2、通过钢管自应力混凝土轴心受压短柱试验,研究了初始自应力对其力学性能的影响。讨论了混凝土强度等级、含钢率,自应力水平等因素对极限承载力的影响。试验
The function of concrete and steel tube can be fully exerted in concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) structure, CFT shows excellent mechanical performance. Whether concrete is fully, uniformly and compactly filled the whole steel tube will influence the mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tube distinctly, and then influence the safety of the whole structure. However, it is difficult to guarantee the construction quality of concrete core while constructing, so that the accident happens frequently. In addition the creep and shrinkage deformation of concrete core will increase under sustained load, it can cause stress redistribution of concrete and steel tube, sometimes a local failure of steel tube occurs when the stress increases to a high level. The technology of self-stressing concrete and self-compacting concrete is applied to CFT in this paper. Self-compacting concrete with high flow ability and segregation resistance can guarantee concrete core uniform and compact, and overcome the shortcoming of arch and long column construction difficulty. Self-stressing concrete core produces volume expansion while hydrating. Concrete core restrained by steel tube is compressed in three directions. The lateral confinement of steel tube is fully utilized. Compared with conversional CFT, the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete-filled steel tube is improved. Existing research indicates that expansion and self-stress produced by self-stressing concrete can remain stable for a long time, so the confinement degradation caused by creep and shrinkage in conversional CFT can be prevented using self-stressing concrete in CFT; Meanwhile, the creep deformation of self-stressing concrete core under accepted load is smaller than plain concrete, so the deformation of steel tube will keep together with self-stressing concrete in a long-term, the carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube will be stable in a long-term too. The mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube under axial load is researched through test and theoretical analysis. The major results are summarized as follows:1. The early age mechanical performance and expansive performance of self-stressing concrete is researched through test. The result of the test shows: self-stressing concrete with self-compacting ability can be obtained through adjusting mixture proportions. The strength of self-stressing concrete made with sulphoaluminate expansive cement develops very fast in early age. Compressive strength at 1 day can be up to more than 50% of compressive strength at 28 days; elastic modulus at 1 day can be up to more than 80% of elastic modulus at 28 days. The
self-stress of concrete restrained by steel tube can reach to 3~6MPa. It is found that the creep and elastic deformation can occupy about 2/3 of effective expansive deformation; these two parts of deformation can't be ignored in calculating. The calculating formula for effective expansive deformation varied with time is proposed in this paper, creep deformation is considered in the formula. On this basis of test results, the relationship of effective expansive deformation to restrained expansive deformation in different steel area to concrete area ratio is obtained through regression analysis. The results of calculation accord with the results of the test better. The calculating formula for restrained expansive deformation proposed in the paper can calculate restrained expansive deformation in different age. The initial self-stress can be obtained through internal force equilibrium condition.2^ The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column is researched through test. The factors that have effect on ultimate strength of short column, such as compressive strength of concrete, the area of steel tube to concrete core ratio, self-stress level, is discussed here. The result of the test shows: because of the effect of initial self-stress, the elastic working range of short column is extended to 90% of ultimate strength; the ultimate strength has improvement too. The concept of self-stress level is introduced in this paper, self-stress level is defined as initial self-stress to concrete strength ratio, how the self-stress level has effect on the ultimate strength is analyzed .The result of calculation indicates: the relationship of ultimate strength increment to self-stress level can be expressed by quadratic parabola. The summit of curve is optimal self-stress level, namely, the ultimate strength can be improved to the maximum extent when self-stress level reach to the optimal self-stress level. Based on the test result, the optimal self-stress level can be calculated, which is 0.116. With the deformation compatibility conditions and equilibrium conditions, the numerical analysis model is established using integral method. Load-deformation curves of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column is simulated; it is help to understand the working mechanism of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube short column.3. The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance long column is researched through test. The factors that have effect on ultimate strength of long column, such as slenderness ratio, self-stress level, are disgussed. The result of the test shows: Because long column failed in different form, so initial stress has different influence on the mechanical performance of long column. The long column that happened stability disruption is still in elastic working range before failure. The function of initial stress is not fully exerted; initial stress has little influence on the mechanical performance of long column. The long column happened strength disruption, it is because concrete core is squish and the confinement of steel
tube is lost, the function of initial stress is fully exerted. Compared with conventional CFT, the carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube can be improved about 31%. Slendemess ratio is still the main factor that influences the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube. Based on test results, the relation of carrying capacity increment to slendemess ratio is obtained through regression analysis. The carting capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube can be obtained on that.4.. Test on the long-term mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube under axial load is carried on. The effect of initial stress on the mechanical performance in long term is researched. The result of the test shows: Though the initial lateral stress can restrain the development of axial creep deformation, compare with conventional concrete core that bears the same load, the axial initial stress will increase stress ratio, the creep deformation of self-stressing concrete core will greater than conventional concrete core, but it is smaller than plain concrete. The ACI creep model and BP-KX creep model is applied in this paper. With deformation compatibility conditions and equilibrium conditions, the numerical model is established using age-adjusted effective modulus method, the calculating results agree with test results well. How self-stress level has effect on the mechanical performance of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube is analyzed on the basis of numerical model, so with concrete compressive strength and the area of steel tube to concrete core ratio. The coefficient of stress redistribution is deduced in the paper, the change of load that steel tube carried can be calculated through it, so the long-term carrying capacity can be calculated on the basis of the confficient. The formula reflects the factors that have effect on the long-term carrying capacity of self-stressing concrete filled steel tube.A new approach that self-stressing concrete can be applied is put forward in this paper. The expansive energy of expansive cement is fully utilized. The calculating theory of self-stressing concrete restrained by steel tube is solved. It makes a good foundation for self-stressing concrete applied in concrete-filled steel tube. The confinement degradation of steel tube cause by creep of concrete core is solved too, at the same time, the carrying capacity degradation of steel tube concrete in long-term is solved effectively too. Self-compacting concrete can guarantee the construction quality of concrete core, the difficult problem in construction can be easily solved. Test and theoretical analysis on this kind of CFT is carried on, it provides useful data for this new kind of CFT applied in actual proj ect.
引文
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