堤防振动沉模防渗墙材料与受力变形特性研究
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摘要
病险堤坝的处治工程中,形成了一些比较成熟的治理技术,积累了丰富的经验。垂直防渗技术已广泛用于堤坝的除险加固,是病险堤坝工程的主要防渗加固措施。工程中,常用的垂直防渗技术有:灌浆法、防渗墙法、高压喷射注浆法、深层搅拌法和垂直铺塑等。
堤坝的垂直防渗是一个系统工程,垂直防渗方案的选择主要涉及到筑堤料、堤基土和防渗料的性状。然而,每项垂直防渗技术都有一定的针对性和局限性,各种堤坝病害的产生机理、出现部位和破坏程度也不尽相同。为确保病险堤坝的防渗处治效果,必须加强防渗技术的研究,选择科学、经济、合理的综合治理方案。
垂直防渗技术的发展,也促进了防渗料的不断更新。本文在回顾和总结国内外垂直防渗技术的研究成果及其应用现状的基础上,针对振动沉模防渗墙技术,侧重研究了堤防振动沉模防渗料的性状及其防渗墙的受力变形特性。
为了保证振动沉模防渗料的和易性、可泵性、流动性、离析性、泌水性和防渗性,保证振动沉模防渗墙体的纵向均匀性,使墙体与堤防填料协调变形,加大振动沉模防渗墙的处理深度,需降低墙体防渗料的分层性及其刚度。通过振动沉模混合砂浆防渗料的室内配比试验,研究了混合砂浆防渗料的优化配比设计及其分层性状,揭示了混合防渗料的固化增强及其破坏机理。根据室内和现场试验,分析了防渗料各组分不同掺量对其性状的影响程度及其影响规律,揭示了防渗料各组分对强度的影响规律。混合砂浆防渗料的破坏特性及其判别准则是评价振动沉模防渗墙体安全性的关键问题,根据混合砂浆防渗料的破坏特性,提出了混合砂浆防渗料以及防渗墙的破坏判别指标。结合振动沉模防渗墙技术的工程应用,论述了墙体施工质量的控制措施,对振动沉模防渗墙工程的各种特殊情况提出相应的处理方案。针对堤防工程中垂直防渗除险加固技术存在的问题,本文工作内容主要包括:
1、总结分析了国内、外病险堤坝的失事原因、堤坝失事与渗透破坏的关系、堤坝的渗透破坏型式、各种垂直防渗加固技术的研究成果和应用现状、防渗料的研究成果及其应用现状等;同时,结合长江中下游地区堤防工程的特点,分析了堤防防渗加固工程中存在的问题。
2、根据混合砂浆各组分原材料的性状,结合振动沉模防渗墙的设计和施工技术要求,采用水泥、粉煤灰、砂、土和外加剂等原材料,应用均匀设计理论,通过混合砂浆防渗料试件的室内配比试验,研究了混合砂浆防渗料的优化配比设计和混合砂浆防渗料各配比材料用量。
3、混合砂浆防渗料中,水泥和粉煤灰主要起固化料的作用,土料主要起充填作用,
At present, a number of matured vertical cutoff techniques have been widely used in levee project,many rich experiences have been accumulated in the treatment of diseased levee project. The vertical cutoff technique has been widely used in levee project,such as grouting,preventing seepage wall,high pressure jetting,deep mixing cement pile,vertical spreading plastic technique,and so on.The vertical cutoff technique in levee project is a synthetic system engineering,the selection of vertical cutoff scheme is mainly concerned with behavior of embankment filling,dike subsoil,preventing seepage mixture and so on. Although a large number of research achievements on vertical cutoff techniques have been obtained, each has a certain suitability.But,the mechanism has not been understood thoroughly,the design theory and the project application are quite immature. At the same time,the mechanism,the site and the degree of destroy of each disease are different. Most of the existing construction ways are relatively backward,which hinders the further development of vertical cutoff technique. So,the selection of a scientific,economical and rational synthesize scheme is a key in the treatment of diseased levee project.The preventing seepage material is also accompanied by the development of vertical cutoff technique. Based on the research results of vertical cutoff techniques and their application and test results in levee project,the composite mortar of vibratory sink mold wall is mainly studied in this paper. According to the application of vibration sinking mould wall in Huai River entering sea channel,the mechanism of vibration sinking mould wall is first discussed. Based on the test results,the seepage,the pump,the fluidity,the segregability,the bleeding and the imperviousness of composite mortar of different mixing ratio are discussed. The mechanics characteristics of composite mortar and cutoff wall and their influencing factors are then analyzed,especially,the influence of the aging and the components are very notable. At the same time,the construction points of vertical cutoff techniques is also discussed. The main works is introduced in the following:(1) The cause of crash,the relation between the crash,the filtration failure and the kind of filtration failure in levee and dam project are summarized. The research results show that a large number of research achievements on vertical cutoff techniques and impervious materials and their application are conservative and relatively backward according to the seepage failure kinds in levee and dam project. At the same time,the problem of levee project in lower reaches of the Yangtze River is also analyzed.
(2) According to the behavior of raw material,the optimal mix ratio of composite mortar is determined. At the same time,the amount of every raw material to be used is also determined by the mix ratio test of composite mortar.(3) The cement and the flying ash are mainly used as concretion agent in the composite mortar,the soil is mainly imbued with gap around the sand,the sand is mainly used as aggregate,and the additional dose is chiefly used as water-reducing and reinforcement. The behavior of the composite mortar is mainly concerned with the mix ratio,the water cement ratio,the cement sand ratio,the cement grade,the size of sand,the aging,the additional amount of cement and flying ash,the gradation of mixture,and so on.(4) Layering compression strength and layering degree of composite mortar is studied according to the layering model test. The layering properties and the effect regular to the compression strength of composite mortar are promulgated. The layering compression strength formula of the wall is then put forward.(5) According to the strength test results of composite mortar,the mechanical characteristics,the influence of the additional amount and the aging are analyzed. The behavior of impervious,pump,fluidity and bleeding of different composite ratio are discussed by the test results,the effects on the composite mortar behavior of different content of admixture are analyzed. The rational mixture ratio is then put forward. At the same time,the behavior of composite mortar is comparative analyzed with the flexible concrete and the plastic concrete.(6) The damage model,the microstructure,the solidification and the strength increasing mechanism of composite mortar are proclaimed by the result of the scanning electron microscope(SEM).(7) The failure characteristics of composite mortar are revealed from the tests. A new point of view of the critical stress state of tensile and shear for composite mortar is presented,and the failure criterion of cutoff wall is also presented. According to the failure criterion and mechanical analysis,the composite mortar wall would perform a good behavior,it has been verified by the cutoff wall in levee project.(8) The mechanical behavior of mortar vertical cutoff wall is analyzed by nonlinear elastoplastic FEM using Biot consideration theory. The effect regular of preventing seepage mixture,embankment filling and dike subsoil on the mechanical behavior and the concerted deformation is promulgated. At the same time,the behavior of contact plane of soil and vibratory sink mold vertical cutoff wall is analyzed by contact plane test.(9) The different particular treatment schemes is successfully proposed in the project application,such as the construction of conglomerate layer,change axial line joint seam,and so on. The result of field tests is used to certificate the impervious property and effect of vibratory
sink mold vertical cutoff wall with the help of project application. The depth of the vibratory sink mold vertical cutoff wall is successfully realized to overtake 20m in the use of HuaiHo River Waterway to sea embankment project.(10) According to the mortar vertical cutoff wall of levee project,the problem,which need to further study and resolve,is put forward.
堤坝的垂直防渗是一个系统工程,垂直防渗方案的选择主要涉及到筑堤料、堤基土和防渗料的性状。然而,每项垂直防渗技术都有一定的针对性和局限性,各种堤坝病害的产生机理、出现部位和破坏程度也不尽相同。为确保病险堤坝的防渗处治效果,必须加强防渗技术的研究,选择科学、经济、合理的综合治理方案。
垂直防渗技术的发展,也促进了防渗料的不断更新。本文在回顾和总结国内外垂直防渗技术的研究成果及其应用现状的基础上,针对振动沉模防渗墙技术,侧重研究了堤防振动沉模防渗料的性状及其防渗墙的受力变形特性。
为了保证振动沉模防渗料的和易性、可泵性、流动性、离析性、泌水性和防渗性,保证振动沉模防渗墙体的纵向均匀性,使墙体与堤防填料协调变形,加大振动沉模防渗墙的处理深度,需降低墙体防渗料的分层性及其刚度。通过振动沉模混合砂浆防渗料的室内配比试验,研究了混合砂浆防渗料的优化配比设计及其分层性状,揭示了混合防渗料的固化增强及其破坏机理。根据室内和现场试验,分析了防渗料各组分不同掺量对其性状的影响程度及其影响规律,揭示了防渗料各组分对强度的影响规律。混合砂浆防渗料的破坏特性及其判别准则是评价振动沉模防渗墙体安全性的关键问题,根据混合砂浆防渗料的破坏特性,提出了混合砂浆防渗料以及防渗墙的破坏判别指标。结合振动沉模防渗墙技术的工程应用,论述了墙体施工质量的控制措施,对振动沉模防渗墙工程的各种特殊情况提出相应的处理方案。针对堤防工程中垂直防渗除险加固技术存在的问题,本文工作内容主要包括:
1、总结分析了国内、外病险堤坝的失事原因、堤坝失事与渗透破坏的关系、堤坝的渗透破坏型式、各种垂直防渗加固技术的研究成果和应用现状、防渗料的研究成果及其应用现状等;同时,结合长江中下游地区堤防工程的特点,分析了堤防防渗加固工程中存在的问题。
2、根据混合砂浆各组分原材料的性状,结合振动沉模防渗墙的设计和施工技术要求,采用水泥、粉煤灰、砂、土和外加剂等原材料,应用均匀设计理论,通过混合砂浆防渗料试件的室内配比试验,研究了混合砂浆防渗料的优化配比设计和混合砂浆防渗料各配比材料用量。
3、混合砂浆防渗料中,水泥和粉煤灰主要起固化料的作用,土料主要起充填作用,
At present, a number of matured vertical cutoff techniques have been widely used in levee project,many rich experiences have been accumulated in the treatment of diseased levee project. The vertical cutoff technique has been widely used in levee project,such as grouting,preventing seepage wall,high pressure jetting,deep mixing cement pile,vertical spreading plastic technique,and so on.The vertical cutoff technique in levee project is a synthetic system engineering,the selection of vertical cutoff scheme is mainly concerned with behavior of embankment filling,dike subsoil,preventing seepage mixture and so on. Although a large number of research achievements on vertical cutoff techniques have been obtained, each has a certain suitability.But,the mechanism has not been understood thoroughly,the design theory and the project application are quite immature. At the same time,the mechanism,the site and the degree of destroy of each disease are different. Most of the existing construction ways are relatively backward,which hinders the further development of vertical cutoff technique. So,the selection of a scientific,economical and rational synthesize scheme is a key in the treatment of diseased levee project.The preventing seepage material is also accompanied by the development of vertical cutoff technique. Based on the research results of vertical cutoff techniques and their application and test results in levee project,the composite mortar of vibratory sink mold wall is mainly studied in this paper. According to the application of vibration sinking mould wall in Huai River entering sea channel,the mechanism of vibration sinking mould wall is first discussed. Based on the test results,the seepage,the pump,the fluidity,the segregability,the bleeding and the imperviousness of composite mortar of different mixing ratio are discussed. The mechanics characteristics of composite mortar and cutoff wall and their influencing factors are then analyzed,especially,the influence of the aging and the components are very notable. At the same time,the construction points of vertical cutoff techniques is also discussed. The main works is introduced in the following:(1) The cause of crash,the relation between the crash,the filtration failure and the kind of filtration failure in levee and dam project are summarized. The research results show that a large number of research achievements on vertical cutoff techniques and impervious materials and their application are conservative and relatively backward according to the seepage failure kinds in levee and dam project. At the same time,the problem of levee project in lower reaches of the Yangtze River is also analyzed.
(2) According to the behavior of raw material,the optimal mix ratio of composite mortar is determined. At the same time,the amount of every raw material to be used is also determined by the mix ratio test of composite mortar.(3) The cement and the flying ash are mainly used as concretion agent in the composite mortar,the soil is mainly imbued with gap around the sand,the sand is mainly used as aggregate,and the additional dose is chiefly used as water-reducing and reinforcement. The behavior of the composite mortar is mainly concerned with the mix ratio,the water cement ratio,the cement sand ratio,the cement grade,the size of sand,the aging,the additional amount of cement and flying ash,the gradation of mixture,and so on.(4) Layering compression strength and layering degree of composite mortar is studied according to the layering model test. The layering properties and the effect regular to the compression strength of composite mortar are promulgated. The layering compression strength formula of the wall is then put forward.(5) According to the strength test results of composite mortar,the mechanical characteristics,the influence of the additional amount and the aging are analyzed. The behavior of impervious,pump,fluidity and bleeding of different composite ratio are discussed by the test results,the effects on the composite mortar behavior of different content of admixture are analyzed. The rational mixture ratio is then put forward. At the same time,the behavior of composite mortar is comparative analyzed with the flexible concrete and the plastic concrete.(6) The damage model,the microstructure,the solidification and the strength increasing mechanism of composite mortar are proclaimed by the result of the scanning electron microscope(SEM).(7) The failure characteristics of composite mortar are revealed from the tests. A new point of view of the critical stress state of tensile and shear for composite mortar is presented,and the failure criterion of cutoff wall is also presented. According to the failure criterion and mechanical analysis,the composite mortar wall would perform a good behavior,it has been verified by the cutoff wall in levee project.(8) The mechanical behavior of mortar vertical cutoff wall is analyzed by nonlinear elastoplastic FEM using Biot consideration theory. The effect regular of preventing seepage mixture,embankment filling and dike subsoil on the mechanical behavior and the concerted deformation is promulgated. At the same time,the behavior of contact plane of soil and vibratory sink mold vertical cutoff wall is analyzed by contact plane test.(9) The different particular treatment schemes is successfully proposed in the project application,such as the construction of conglomerate layer,change axial line joint seam,and so on. The result of field tests is used to certificate the impervious property and effect of vibratory
sink mold vertical cutoff wall with the help of project application. The depth of the vibratory sink mold vertical cutoff wall is successfully realized to overtake 20m in the use of HuaiHo River Waterway to sea embankment project.(10) According to the mortar vertical cutoff wall of levee project,the problem,which need to further study and resolve,is put forward.
引文
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