胶东西北部招平断裂带构造特征与成矿
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摘要
胶东西北部是我国重要的产金基地,其黄金产量约占全国的四分之一。区内矿床约50%赋存在招平断裂带上,因此,研究招平断裂带,对于分析胶东地区的构造演化史、花岗岩的成因以及成矿溶液的形成、运移、沉淀成矿都具有重要的指导意义。同时,研究招平断裂带还具有重要的找矿意义。山东冶金第二勘查大队通过研究招平断裂带北端的走向变化,发现了阜山金矿床;中国地质大学邓军等通过研究招平断裂带的韧性剪切带特征,发现了金亭岭矿床。本论文是导师在招远开展地质科研工作的子课题之一,作者试图通过对招平断裂带进行构造分析,总结成矿规律,预测新的成矿靶区。
本文以大量的野外实地调查为基础,以区域地质为背景,以成矿系统理论为指导,以构造成岩成矿作用为体系,以矿床时空演化为主线,重点研究了招平断裂带的形态分布,构造、蚀变、矿化的分带。在分析了不同阶段胶东西北部应力场状态及变化的基础上,通过成岩成矿年龄分析,确定了不同时期招平断裂带的活动性质及成岩成矿时序关系。
重新厘定了招平断裂带的组成及展布方向。通过大量的野外工作,发现招平断裂带北段的破头青断裂并未在招远城北终止后与南段衔接,而是继续向南西方向延伸,金亭岭金矿位于其延长线上。从招远城北到金亭岭金矿,作者通过四条地质构造剖面的观察与分析,发现各剖面中均发育宽阔的蚀变破碎带。
总结了主断裂带内矿化与蚀变的分带性。从主断裂面到下盘围岩,蚀变分带依次为:断层泥――绢英岩或绢英岩化花岗岩――绢英岩化碎裂状花岗岩――钾化花岗岩。相应地,在绢英岩或绢英岩化花岗岩内通常发育浸染型矿体,在绢英岩化碎裂状花岗岩和钾化花岗岩中通常发育黄铁矿细脉充填型矿体。
提出了主断裂带与其下盘次级断裂可构成矿化分带。主断裂带内矿化类型为蚀变岩型,倾角较缓;随着向下盘距离的增加,矿化类型为蚀变岩型+石英脉型的过渡型,矿体倾角变陡;当远离招平断裂带时,矿化类型为石英脉型,产状近直立甚至倒转。
综合上述规律,结合典型矿床、成矿过程中构造应力场及成岩成矿年龄的分析,作者提出了三个找矿靶区:①破头青断裂带向南西方向的延伸,重点寻找金亭岭式矿床。②招平断裂带前柳行到滕家段,重点寻找蚀变岩型矿床。③夏甸金矿七号脉的下盘,在石英脉中寻找石英脉型矿床。
The northwestern Jiaodong peninsula is one of the most important gold provinces in China. The annual gold output in this region is one fourth of aggregate yields of China. There are about 50 percent of gold deposits situated in the Zhaoping fault belt (ZPFB). Therefore, studying ZPFB is of theoretical and practical significance in analyzing the structural evolution, genesis of granite as well as the ore-forming process in Jiaodong gold province. Based on the studying on the feature of ZPFB, the Fushan gold deposit and the Jintingling gold deposit was discovered by the No.2 metallurgy exploration team in Shandong, Prof. Deng Jun from China University of Geosciences, respectively. The paper is a branch of the project in Zhaoyuan taken on by my Supervisor, aims to summarize the ore-forming principle and forecast new geologic prospecting targets by thoroughly studying on the nature of ZPFB.
This paper is based on the detail field studying, takes the regional geology as setting, the theories of metallogenic series as a guide, tectonic mineralization as a system, and the deposit time-space evolution as principal line, and investigates primarily the ZPFB shape and the structure, alteration and mineralization zone. It also confirms the ZPFB activity nature and time sequence at different periods based on analyzing the states and changes of stress field in the northwest of Jiaodong at different stages and mineralization ages.
The author has stipulated over again the ZPFB conformations and extensional directions. Based on detail field studying, the author decides that it is not true that the northern portion is connected with the southern portion after it extends to Zhaoyuan and terminates there, but the truth that it keeps on extending southwestward at Zhaoyuan. It is worth of knowing that Jintingling gold deposit is located in the extension of the northern sector of the ZPFB. For studying deeply on ZPFB, four sections are made from the turning site of the ZPFB at the north Zhaoyuan to Jintingling gold deposit by the author, and all the four sections show vast beresitize zone.
Summarize the alteration and mineralization zones in main fault belts. The sequences of the alteration zones from the main fault section to the wall rocks on the lower wall are respectively: fault clay-beresitized rocks or beresitized granite-beresitized chip granite-potass granite. As a result, it often develops the disseminated ore bodies in the beresitized rocks, and often develops the pyrite veinule filled ore bodies in the beresitized chip granite and potass granite.
The author considers that the ore bodies in ZPFB and sub-fault belts in lower wall show distinctively mineralization zones. the ore bodies in ZPFB belong to altered rock type and the dip angles are gentle, varying from 30o to 40o. But with the access to the footwall, the mineralization type transformed into altered rock type and quartz vein type. The ore-bodies become steep and their angles are from 40o to 70o. The mineralization type of those ore-bodies completely becomes into quartz vein type away from ZPFB and the ore-bodies become sub-vertical, even inverse.
By summarizing the above principles, together with the analysis of typical gold deposit, stress field of ore-forming process and metallogenic time, the author brings forward three geologic prospecting target areas as follows: ①Jintingling type deposits should be prospected in the extensional direction of potouqing fault discovered recently ②The alteration type deposits should be prospected primarily in the sector from qianliuxing to tengjia within ZPFB.③The quartz vein type gold deposit should be prospected within a series of quartz veins distributed in the footwall of the No.7 vein of Xiadian gold deposit.
本文以大量的野外实地调查为基础,以区域地质为背景,以成矿系统理论为指导,以构造成岩成矿作用为体系,以矿床时空演化为主线,重点研究了招平断裂带的形态分布,构造、蚀变、矿化的分带。在分析了不同阶段胶东西北部应力场状态及变化的基础上,通过成岩成矿年龄分析,确定了不同时期招平断裂带的活动性质及成岩成矿时序关系。
重新厘定了招平断裂带的组成及展布方向。通过大量的野外工作,发现招平断裂带北段的破头青断裂并未在招远城北终止后与南段衔接,而是继续向南西方向延伸,金亭岭金矿位于其延长线上。从招远城北到金亭岭金矿,作者通过四条地质构造剖面的观察与分析,发现各剖面中均发育宽阔的蚀变破碎带。
总结了主断裂带内矿化与蚀变的分带性。从主断裂面到下盘围岩,蚀变分带依次为:断层泥――绢英岩或绢英岩化花岗岩――绢英岩化碎裂状花岗岩――钾化花岗岩。相应地,在绢英岩或绢英岩化花岗岩内通常发育浸染型矿体,在绢英岩化碎裂状花岗岩和钾化花岗岩中通常发育黄铁矿细脉充填型矿体。
提出了主断裂带与其下盘次级断裂可构成矿化分带。主断裂带内矿化类型为蚀变岩型,倾角较缓;随着向下盘距离的增加,矿化类型为蚀变岩型+石英脉型的过渡型,矿体倾角变陡;当远离招平断裂带时,矿化类型为石英脉型,产状近直立甚至倒转。
综合上述规律,结合典型矿床、成矿过程中构造应力场及成岩成矿年龄的分析,作者提出了三个找矿靶区:①破头青断裂带向南西方向的延伸,重点寻找金亭岭式矿床。②招平断裂带前柳行到滕家段,重点寻找蚀变岩型矿床。③夏甸金矿七号脉的下盘,在石英脉中寻找石英脉型矿床。
The northwestern Jiaodong peninsula is one of the most important gold provinces in China. The annual gold output in this region is one fourth of aggregate yields of China. There are about 50 percent of gold deposits situated in the Zhaoping fault belt (ZPFB). Therefore, studying ZPFB is of theoretical and practical significance in analyzing the structural evolution, genesis of granite as well as the ore-forming process in Jiaodong gold province. Based on the studying on the feature of ZPFB, the Fushan gold deposit and the Jintingling gold deposit was discovered by the No.2 metallurgy exploration team in Shandong, Prof. Deng Jun from China University of Geosciences, respectively. The paper is a branch of the project in Zhaoyuan taken on by my Supervisor, aims to summarize the ore-forming principle and forecast new geologic prospecting targets by thoroughly studying on the nature of ZPFB.
This paper is based on the detail field studying, takes the regional geology as setting, the theories of metallogenic series as a guide, tectonic mineralization as a system, and the deposit time-space evolution as principal line, and investigates primarily the ZPFB shape and the structure, alteration and mineralization zone. It also confirms the ZPFB activity nature and time sequence at different periods based on analyzing the states and changes of stress field in the northwest of Jiaodong at different stages and mineralization ages.
The author has stipulated over again the ZPFB conformations and extensional directions. Based on detail field studying, the author decides that it is not true that the northern portion is connected with the southern portion after it extends to Zhaoyuan and terminates there, but the truth that it keeps on extending southwestward at Zhaoyuan. It is worth of knowing that Jintingling gold deposit is located in the extension of the northern sector of the ZPFB. For studying deeply on ZPFB, four sections are made from the turning site of the ZPFB at the north Zhaoyuan to Jintingling gold deposit by the author, and all the four sections show vast beresitize zone.
Summarize the alteration and mineralization zones in main fault belts. The sequences of the alteration zones from the main fault section to the wall rocks on the lower wall are respectively: fault clay-beresitized rocks or beresitized granite-beresitized chip granite-potass granite. As a result, it often develops the disseminated ore bodies in the beresitized rocks, and often develops the pyrite veinule filled ore bodies in the beresitized chip granite and potass granite.
The author considers that the ore bodies in ZPFB and sub-fault belts in lower wall show distinctively mineralization zones. the ore bodies in ZPFB belong to altered rock type and the dip angles are gentle, varying from 30o to 40o. But with the access to the footwall, the mineralization type transformed into altered rock type and quartz vein type. The ore-bodies become steep and their angles are from 40o to 70o. The mineralization type of those ore-bodies completely becomes into quartz vein type away from ZPFB and the ore-bodies become sub-vertical, even inverse.
By summarizing the above principles, together with the analysis of typical gold deposit, stress field of ore-forming process and metallogenic time, the author brings forward three geologic prospecting target areas as follows: ①Jintingling type deposits should be prospected in the extensional direction of potouqing fault discovered recently ②The alteration type deposits should be prospected primarily in the sector from qianliuxing to tengjia within ZPFB.③The quartz vein type gold deposit should be prospected within a series of quartz veins distributed in the footwall of the No.7 vein of Xiadian gold deposit.
引文
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