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沉积盆地波动分析理论基础探讨
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摘要
地壳上普遍存在的波动现象说明地壳波动理论的合理性,地球上板块构造出现以前的地球动力学问题、板块构造出现以后的大陆内部变形问题也需要地壳波动理论对板块构造学说的补充。基于地质事件的旋回性、地壳波动理论和地壳的波浪状镶嵌构造说发展起来的盆地波动分析已逐渐发展成为盆地分析的重要理论体系之一。但是,不管是地壳波动还是盆地波动,在对波动成因解释上还存在争议和不确定的因素。
     盆地波动表现在具有紧密联系的两个方面,一是时间域的盆地充填、构造运动、油气成藏具有旋回性特点;二是空间域的隆(起)坳(陷)转化和迁移、盆地翘板运动、以及同级构造发育的等距性等。
     地壳上沉积盆地的形成是地球系统各圈层内各种过程相互作用的结果,这些过程包括天文过程、地球表面过程、地球浅表过程和地球深部过程,其中,前两者属于外动力地质作用,后两者属于内动力地质作用。这些过程之间的耦合作用形成了盆地过程(系统)。
     对于沉积盆地波动成因的解释,既要强调外力地质作用,也要强调内力地质作用;既强调天文因素,也强调地球自转,还强调地幔对流。这不同于只强调内动力地质作用的地壳波动说,也不同于仅强调地球自转速度变化引起惯性力变化的地壳波浪状镶嵌构造说,还不同于仅强调地幔对流的板块构造学说。
     根据物理、化学原理,可判断地球系统各圈层内发生的过程都是具有不同时间尺度的周期性或旋回性过程,从而可以推论作为这些周期性或旋回性过程耦合作用结果的沉积盆地,其发展演化过程必然具有周期性或波动性特点,表现在沉积的旋回性、构造运动的旋回性和油气成藏过程的旋回性等。另一方面,由于重力分异等引起的密度波和由于板间作用引起的应力或位移在板内的波动传播,使变形在空间上具有了波浪状特点,表现在隆(起)坳(陷)的转换和迁移、不整合面的非等时性、盆地的掀斜和构造发育的等距性等。
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