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胶莱盆地形成演化与油气形成条件
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摘要
胶莱盆地是我国东部的一个白垩纪走滑盆地,含有丰富的油气资源,其形成演化主要受到郯庐断裂、牟平-即墨断裂、五荣断裂活动和深部地幔上隆作用的控制。本文应用构造地质学、地球物理学和地球化学的新理论和新方法,对胶莱盆地的构造几何学、运动学和油气形成条件进行了研究。取得了以下主要的成果和认识:①地质和地球物理资料的构造解析结果,伸展活动主要发生在莱阳期和王氏期,莱阳期为北东-南西向伸展,王氏期为南北向伸展,诸城凹陷主要伸展时期是莱阳期,高密凹陷和莱阳凹陷的主要伸展时期是王氏期。通过褶皱、逆断层、角度不整合接触关系、节理、擦痕、显微构造和声发射测试资料分析,胶莱盆地经历的压缩活动主要有三期。莱阳期末和青山期末的压缩为北西南东向,王氏期之后的压缩为近南北向。王氏期之后的压缩可进一步分为白垩纪末、古近纪末和新近纪末三期。从构造变形强度来看,青山期末的压缩最强。②综合包裹体均一温度、镜质体反射率、声波时差等计算结果,盆地内部剥蚀厚度最大的地区位于诸城凹陷的南部和莱阳凹陷的东部,最大大于6000米。其次是柴沟地垒、大野头凸起、牟平即墨断裂带的北部和海阳凹陷的西部,普遍大于3000米。剥蚀厚度最小的地区是郊县凹陷的中部和莱阳凹陷的南西部,最小小于1000米。③以构造解析、节理统计、断面擦痕测量、显微构造研究和岩石声发射测试结果为约束条件,用有限元法对胶莱盆地形成演化的各期古构造应力场进行了数值模拟。其结果是,莱阳期最大主压应力方向为NW-SE方向,最大主应力75Mpa以上;青山期整体以拉张为主,最大主张应力方向为NW-SE,最大主张应力60Mpa左右;青山末期最大主压应力方向为NW-SE,最大主压应力大于80Mpa;王氏期最大主张应力方向近南北向,最大主张应力在50Mpa左右;王氏期后最大主压应力方向为NE-SW,最大主压应力在60-75Mpa左右。④有机碳丰度、氯仿沥青“A”含量、热解、气相色谱等地球化学分析表明,水南段形成于相对还原的沉积环境,有机质主要来源于低等生物,有机质丰度高,有机质类型好,且有机质的热演化已经达到成熟阶段,是本区主要的烃源岩,具有良好的生油潜力。逍仙庄段有机质丰度中等,有机质类型以混合型为主,热演化程度较高,也具有一定的生油潜力。⑤综合生油条件、储层条件和保存条件,结合油气显示情况分析,大野头凸起外围和诸城凹陷西北部属
    
    于含油气远景最有利地区,柴沟地垒、胶县洼陷和莱阳地区属于含油气远景较
    有利地区,海阳凹陷东部海域、平度洼陷和李党家构造带属于含油气远景不明
    地区,海阳凹陷陆地部分等强烈剥蚀区属于含油气远景不利地区。
Jiaolai basin is a fault-strike slip basin of Cretaceous in the east of China, it has abundant hydrocarbon resources, its formation and evolution was controlled mainly by the activity of Tanlu, Muping-Jimo and Wurong fracture and the function of deep mantle's uplift. In this paper, we use new theories and methods of structural Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry to study structural geometry, kinematics and formation condition of combination gas of jiaolai basin, the outcome and recognition are underneath:(1)By the structural analysis and results of information of Geology and Geophysics, we can draw conclusions that the activity of extension occurred mainly in Laiyang and Wangshi stage, the direction of Laiyang stage is north east-south west ang Wangshi stage is south-north, the main stage of extension is Laiyang stage in Zhucheng seg, the main stage of extension is Wangshi stage in Gaomi and Laiyang seg. By the information analysis of fold, reverse fault, angular unconformity contact relation, jointing, scr
    atch, microstructure and acoustic emission testing, we can know that compression activity of Jiaolai basin has three stages. The compression activity of end of Laiyang and Qingshan stage is north west-south east, after Wangshi stage is close to south-north. The compression after Wangshi stage can divide into three stages: end of Cretaceous, end of Tertiary and end of Quaternary. By the structural metastatic intensity, compression of the end of Wangshi stage is most deep. (2) From the compositive outputs of inclusion homotemperature, vitrinite reflectivity and acoustic time, we know that the largest denuded thickness lies in the north of Zhucheng seg and east of Laiyang seg, numerical value exceeds 6,000 meter. The second is Chaigou horst, Dayetou horseback, north of Muping-Jimo fracture zone and west of Haiyang seg, numerical value generally exceeds 3,000 meter. The smallest zone is the center of Jiaoxian seg and south-west of Laiyang seg, the smallest value is less than 1,000 meter.(3)With the constraint co
    ndition of research of structural analysis, count of jointing, measurement of scratch, microstructure and testing result of acoustic emission, we use finite element method to process numerical simulation with palaeotectonic stress field of all stages of formation and evolution of Jiaolai basin. The results are below: the direction of the maximal principal compressional stress of Laiyang stage is north west-south east and the value is above 75Mpa;In Qingshan stage the activity is integral pull apart, the direction of the maximal principal stretch stress is north west-south east and the value is about 60Mpa; the direction of the maximal principal compressional stress of end of Qingshan stage is north west-south east and the value is above 80Mpa; the direction of the maximal principal stretch stress is close to
    
    
    south-north and the value is about 50Mpa;after Qingshan stage, the direction of the maximal principal compressional stress is north east-south west and the value is about 60-75Mpa.(4)By geochemistry analysis of abundance of organic carbon, content of chloroform asphalt "A", thermal decomposition and gas chromatograph, Shuinan member was formed in relative hydrogenant environment, its organic material was mainly derived from offgrade onganism, the abundance of organic material is high and type is favorable and thermal evolution of organic material have already arrived maturation stage, it is the main hydrocarbon source rock of this region and have favorable genetic potential, the abundance of organic material of Xiaoxianzhuang member is medium, the type is mixed type and thermal evolution is more high and have definite genetic potential .Generalizing oil-forming condition, container rock condition and preservation condition, together with analysis of evidences of oil and gas show, we can concluded that outski
    
    rts of Dayetou horseback and north-west of Zhucheng seg belong to the most beneficial region of oil and gas prospect, Chaigou horst, Jiaoxian depression and Laiyang district belong to more benef
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