动能弹侵彻陶瓷复合装甲机理
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摘要
陶瓷复合装甲由于在防护领域的应用背景而引起人们的广泛关注。本文针对陶瓷复合装甲的研究现状，深入系统地研究了陶瓷/金属、陶瓷/非金属轻型装甲和陶瓷多层复合装甲的抗弹性能及优化设计，同时研究了在冲击载荷作用下陶瓷面板的破碎机理，对陶瓷复合装甲不同于均质装甲的抗弹性能进行了分析。文中建立了一些新的模型和解决问题的方法。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(一)建立了小型穿甲弹垂直侵彻陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的动量模型和能量模型，它们分别适用不同情况，并通过试验验证；基于能量模型和背板椭圆吸能相同假设，建立了小型穿甲弹斜侵彻陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的分析模型，给出了弹道极限速度预测公式；利用能量模型对陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的优化设计进行了分析，给出了陶瓷/金属复合装甲的最佳优化系数。
(二)系统地研究了陶瓷/非金属轻型复合装甲的损伤机理和抗弹性能。首先，分析了纤维类正交铺层复合靶板在冲击载荷作用下的损伤破坏机理，结合包含损伤和应变率效应的材料动态本构方程，建立了纤维复合材料板弹道极限速度的预测公式；其次，根据陶瓷/纤维材料复合靶板在冲击载荷下的破坏特点，建立了陶瓷/复合材料靶板抗弹性能分析模型，给出了弹道极限速度预测公式；最后，利用应力波反射和透射理论讨论了陶瓷/复合材料靶板的设计问题，对双层陶瓷复合靶板的优化设计进行了分析，给出了在一定面密度下的最佳优化系数，讨论了一定弹道极限速度下的面密度和厚度随优化系数的变化关系。
(三)研究了冲击载荷作用下陶瓷面板破碎锥角的形成机理。首先，在低速撞击的条件下，基于准静态Hertz的理论与萨布斯基理论，分析了陶瓷破碎锥角的形成；其次，在中高速撞击条件下，利用球面应力波反射迭加理论，分析了陶瓷背面的层裂的形成；最后，简单讨论了高速撞击下陶瓷的破碎机理。
(四)对杆式弹以1000m/s～3000m/s速度侵彻陶瓷多层复合装甲进行了探讨。首先，基于双剪统一强度理论和球型空穴膨胀理论建立了靶板抗力表达式，并通过压力相等条件给出了杆式弹侵彻陶瓷复合靶板的侵彻速度与撞击速度的表达式，最后用试验进行了验证；其次，利用上面的靶板抗力表达式、侵彻速度、弹杆速度的微分方程，建立了陶瓷/玻璃钢/钢板复合多层靶板侵彻深度分析模型，分两组试验对侵彻深度、
不同长径比的侵彻效果进行了验证;最后，建立了杆式弹垂直侵彻陶瓷多层复合靶板
的工程模型，给出了预测靶板抗弹性的K。表达式，并通过试验验证，同时，利用该
公式和给定的约束条件对陶瓷复合装甲的优化设计进行了研究。
During the past years a great deal of interest has been devoted to the study of ceramic composite armor due to the application in defense, In the light of recent work of ceramic/composite armor the dissertation provides the defensible performance of ceramic/ metal, ceramic/non-metal light armor and multi-layer ceramic composite armor and its optimization design. At one time, it motives us to study the smash mechanism of ceramic facet plate under the effect of impact load and to analyzed different defensible performance from homogeneous armor. There set up some new models and come up with a series of solution. The major contributions in this dissertation are as fellows.
1. Momentum and energy model of small AP normal penetrate through ceramic/ metal light armor is presented. They are applied to different situations and verified by experiments. Analysis model of small AP oblique penetrating ceramic/ metal light armor is established on the basis of energy model and the assumption of ellipse absorbing the same energy in back plate, giving the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity. With energy model the optimization design in relation to ceramic/ metal light armor is analyzed and the optimal coefficient of ceramic/ metal composite armor is gained.
2. The damage mechanism and defensible performance of ceramic/ metal light composite armor are studied. Firstly the damage or destroy mechanism of anisotropic fiber orthogonal composite target under the action of impact load is analyzed. With the material dynamic constitutive equation including damage and the effect of stain rate the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity of fiber composite target. Secondly based on the damage feature about ceramic/ fiber composite target caused by impact load, analysis model about defense performance of ceramic/ composite material target is formed and the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity is also given. Lastly using the reflection and projectile theory of stress wave the paper discusses the design of ceramic/ composite material target, optimizes the design of double layer ceramic/composite targets, gains optimal coefficient under certain area density and discusses the variety relationship of area density and thickness with optimal coefficient u
nder some ballistic limit velocity
3. For impacting on ceramic plate formation mechanism of smash cone angle is investigated. At first in the condition of low-velocity impact it is discussed with the formation of ceramic smash cone angle on the base of quasi-statistic Hertz and 3 a 6 y A c - theory. Then using spherical stress wave reflection and transmission theory under the state of medium-high velocity the formation of spot in the ceramic back. Finally the damage mechanism of ceramic suffered by the high impact is simply discussed.
4. We discuss the multi-layer composite armor penetrated by the rod projectile with the velocity of 1000m/s~3000m/s. Firstly on the basis of twin shear unified strength theory and spherical cavity expand theory it is established the expression about target defense force, given the equations of rod projectile penetrate and impact velocities on ceramic/ composite target under the same pressure and verified through the experiment. Secondly the analysis model of ceramic/ GRFP/ steel composite multi-layer target penetrate depth employing above differential equation of target defense force, penetrate velocity and rod velocity. There are two team of experiments which testify separately the penetrate depth
and effect with different length-to-diameter. Finally engineering model is advanced which rod projectile normal penetrate ceramic multi-layer composite target. The V50 expression of target defensible performance is given verified by the experiment. Using the expression and the given restriction optimization design of ceramic/ composite armor is researched.
(一)建立了小型穿甲弹垂直侵彻陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的动量模型和能量模型，它们分别适用不同情况，并通过试验验证；基于能量模型和背板椭圆吸能相同假设，建立了小型穿甲弹斜侵彻陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的分析模型，给出了弹道极限速度预测公式；利用能量模型对陶瓷/金属轻型装甲的优化设计进行了分析，给出了陶瓷/金属复合装甲的最佳优化系数。
(二)系统地研究了陶瓷/非金属轻型复合装甲的损伤机理和抗弹性能。首先，分析了纤维类正交铺层复合靶板在冲击载荷作用下的损伤破坏机理，结合包含损伤和应变率效应的材料动态本构方程，建立了纤维复合材料板弹道极限速度的预测公式；其次，根据陶瓷/纤维材料复合靶板在冲击载荷下的破坏特点，建立了陶瓷/复合材料靶板抗弹性能分析模型，给出了弹道极限速度预测公式；最后，利用应力波反射和透射理论讨论了陶瓷/复合材料靶板的设计问题，对双层陶瓷复合靶板的优化设计进行了分析，给出了在一定面密度下的最佳优化系数，讨论了一定弹道极限速度下的面密度和厚度随优化系数的变化关系。
(三)研究了冲击载荷作用下陶瓷面板破碎锥角的形成机理。首先，在低速撞击的条件下，基于准静态Hertz的理论与萨布斯基理论，分析了陶瓷破碎锥角的形成；其次，在中高速撞击条件下，利用球面应力波反射迭加理论，分析了陶瓷背面的层裂的形成；最后，简单讨论了高速撞击下陶瓷的破碎机理。
(四)对杆式弹以1000m/s～3000m/s速度侵彻陶瓷多层复合装甲进行了探讨。首先，基于双剪统一强度理论和球型空穴膨胀理论建立了靶板抗力表达式，并通过压力相等条件给出了杆式弹侵彻陶瓷复合靶板的侵彻速度与撞击速度的表达式，最后用试验进行了验证；其次，利用上面的靶板抗力表达式、侵彻速度、弹杆速度的微分方程，建立了陶瓷/玻璃钢/钢板复合多层靶板侵彻深度分析模型，分两组试验对侵彻深度、
不同长径比的侵彻效果进行了验证;最后，建立了杆式弹垂直侵彻陶瓷多层复合靶板
的工程模型，给出了预测靶板抗弹性的K。表达式，并通过试验验证，同时，利用该
公式和给定的约束条件对陶瓷复合装甲的优化设计进行了研究。
During the past years a great deal of interest has been devoted to the study of ceramic composite armor due to the application in defense, In the light of recent work of ceramic/composite armor the dissertation provides the defensible performance of ceramic/ metal, ceramic/non-metal light armor and multi-layer ceramic composite armor and its optimization design. At one time, it motives us to study the smash mechanism of ceramic facet plate under the effect of impact load and to analyzed different defensible performance from homogeneous armor. There set up some new models and come up with a series of solution. The major contributions in this dissertation are as fellows.
1. Momentum and energy model of small AP normal penetrate through ceramic/ metal light armor is presented. They are applied to different situations and verified by experiments. Analysis model of small AP oblique penetrating ceramic/ metal light armor is established on the basis of energy model and the assumption of ellipse absorbing the same energy in back plate, giving the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity. With energy model the optimization design in relation to ceramic/ metal light armor is analyzed and the optimal coefficient of ceramic/ metal composite armor is gained.
2. The damage mechanism and defensible performance of ceramic/ metal light composite armor are studied. Firstly the damage or destroy mechanism of anisotropic fiber orthogonal composite target under the action of impact load is analyzed. With the material dynamic constitutive equation including damage and the effect of stain rate the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity of fiber composite target. Secondly based on the damage feature about ceramic/ fiber composite target caused by impact load, analysis model about defense performance of ceramic/ composite material target is formed and the predictable formula about ballistic limit velocity is also given. Lastly using the reflection and projectile theory of stress wave the paper discusses the design of ceramic/ composite material target, optimizes the design of double layer ceramic/composite targets, gains optimal coefficient under certain area density and discusses the variety relationship of area density and thickness with optimal coefficient u
nder some ballistic limit velocity
3. For impacting on ceramic plate formation mechanism of smash cone angle is investigated. At first in the condition of low-velocity impact it is discussed with the formation of ceramic smash cone angle on the base of quasi-statistic Hertz and 3 a 6 y A c - theory. Then using spherical stress wave reflection and transmission theory under the state of medium-high velocity the formation of spot in the ceramic back. Finally the damage mechanism of ceramic suffered by the high impact is simply discussed.
4. We discuss the multi-layer composite armor penetrated by the rod projectile with the velocity of 1000m/s~3000m/s. Firstly on the basis of twin shear unified strength theory and spherical cavity expand theory it is established the expression about target defense force, given the equations of rod projectile penetrate and impact velocities on ceramic/ composite target under the same pressure and verified through the experiment. Secondly the analysis model of ceramic/ GRFP/ steel composite multi-layer target penetrate depth employing above differential equation of target defense force, penetrate velocity and rod velocity. There are two team of experiments which testify separately the penetrate depth
and effect with different length-to-diameter. Finally engineering model is advanced which rod projectile normal penetrate ceramic multi-layer composite target. The V50 expression of target defensible performance is given verified by the experiment. Using the expression and the given restriction optimization design of ceramic/ composite armor is researched.
引文
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