盐岩储气库水溶建腔流体输运理论及溶腔形态变化规律研究
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摘要
本文在总结前人已有成果的基础上，对盐岩储气库水溶建腔过程中的流体输运和溶腔形态变化规律进行了研究，完成了以下研究工作：
一、依据流体力学、化学动力学理论及物质平衡原理，对盐岩储气库水溶建腔过程中流体输运和溶蚀机理进行了分析，建立了盐岩溶蚀模型。水溶建腔过程中溶腔形态变化受流体输运浓度场与速度场相互作用的影响，在溶腔内的不同区域，流体输运具有不同的特征，在稳定溶蚀的状态下，溶腔内盐溶速率和采盐速率通过流体输运达到平衡。
二、建立了流体输运和溶腔数学模型，推导了描述溶腔形态变化的溶蚀速度方程和溶腔动边界方程。利用弹性力学理论，建立了夹层力学模型，描述了含夹层非均质盐岩地层水溶建腔过程中，夹层的受力特征和破坏准则以及对溶腔形态变化的影响。
三、给出了流体输运和溶腔形态变化数学模型的数值计算方法，对差分方程进行了稳定性分析，独立编制了盐岩储气库水溶建腔数值模拟程序，该程序能够动态模拟和显示溶腔形态发展变化过程。
四、应用物理模拟的实例对数学模型和数值模拟模型进行了验证，结果表明本文模型能够正确描述盐岩地层水溶建腔的基本规律。
五、通过数值模拟对水溶建腔影响因素进行了分析，得到几点认识：
盐岩层纵向均质性越好，则溶腔形状越规则；盐层厚度越大，对建腔越有利，而且溶腔形状易调整；对较薄的盐层，建腔难度也增大；
摘要
腔体溶蚀过程中，夹层的存在，破坏了溶腔边界的连续性，不利于建
腔作业和腔体形态控制。根据夹层力学模型，可以得到夹层应力分布
随几何参数的变化规律;夹层的破坏形式一般为弯曲破坏，当弯曲应
力超过夹层极限应力时，夹层将发生断裂和垮塌。
研究结果还表明，在控制溶腔形状的工艺参数中，防护液的控制
对腔体形态变化的影响最大，改变防护液液面位置，可以有效控制腔
体形态，而其他工艺参数都是通过改变浓度场或者速度场来改变溶腔
形状的。
六、提出了盐层水溶建腔优化设计的原则和方法。水溶建腔优化
设计原则，就是考虑到溶腔的安全性、稳定性，根据建腔周期的要求、
采盐浓度的要求，自底向上分阶段溶蚀，保证溶腔形状的连续性，对
于含夹层非均质盐岩地层，应根据夹层状况对水溶建腔的设计参数作
相应的调整。
从溶腔总体结构和工艺参数两个方面，提出了盐岩地层水溶建腔
优化设计方法，首先考虑盐层与盐丘的不同特征，合理设计溶腔的有
效容积、基本尺寸和形状参数;在此基础上，按照水溶建腔“自顶向
下”设计方法，对工艺参数进行优化设计。
对均质盐岩地层和含夹层非均质盐岩地层的水溶建腔优化设计进
行了数值模拟，计算结果表明，按照“自顶向下”设计方法，在合理
的工艺参数下，能够溶蚀出符合设计要求的溶腔。
通过本文研究，为盐岩储气库水溶建腔设计提供了理论依据，对
建设盐岩地下储气库方案设计具有指导意义。
Theory of fluid transportation and configuration development in solution mined cavern were studied in this thesis. The main works of this thesis include:
1. According to theory of fluid and chemical kinetics and material equilibrium, mechanism of fluid transportation were analyzed and a model for halite dissolution was given. Shape of solution mined cavern was affected by interaction of consistence and flow field. Characteristic of fluid transportation was different in various regions of solution mined cavern. Rate of dissolution and production were balanced by fluid transportation.
2. Mathematical model for fluid transportation and solution mining cavern was set up. Equations of dissolution Rate and of moving border for solution mined cavern were derived. The mechanical feature of interlining was discussed and its mechanics model was given by theory of elastic mechanics to describe its influence to the development of solution mined cavern.
3. The numerical solution to the mathematical model and its computing program were given to simulate development of solution
mined cavern.
4. The model was tested and verified by experiment. Some affecting factors were discussed for the model.
5. Principle and method were given for optimizing designing of solution mined cavern. The principle could be expressed by dissolving upward gradationally to ensure the continuity of the border of solution mined cavern considering of its security and stability. Then determining the overall structure of the solution mined cavern to optimize the technology parameter by downward designing method.
Solution mined cavern has been designed in both homogeneous halite stratum and non-homogeneous halite stratum with interlining by numerical simulation method. It has been indicated that the numerical simulating result and the designing cavern were in good agreement for solution mining with the reasonable technology parameter.
The paper provided an academic basis for designing solution mined cavern and took an important role in building underground gas storage in salt stratum.
一、依据流体力学、化学动力学理论及物质平衡原理，对盐岩储气库水溶建腔过程中流体输运和溶蚀机理进行了分析，建立了盐岩溶蚀模型。水溶建腔过程中溶腔形态变化受流体输运浓度场与速度场相互作用的影响，在溶腔内的不同区域，流体输运具有不同的特征，在稳定溶蚀的状态下，溶腔内盐溶速率和采盐速率通过流体输运达到平衡。
二、建立了流体输运和溶腔数学模型，推导了描述溶腔形态变化的溶蚀速度方程和溶腔动边界方程。利用弹性力学理论，建立了夹层力学模型，描述了含夹层非均质盐岩地层水溶建腔过程中，夹层的受力特征和破坏准则以及对溶腔形态变化的影响。
三、给出了流体输运和溶腔形态变化数学模型的数值计算方法，对差分方程进行了稳定性分析，独立编制了盐岩储气库水溶建腔数值模拟程序，该程序能够动态模拟和显示溶腔形态发展变化过程。
四、应用物理模拟的实例对数学模型和数值模拟模型进行了验证，结果表明本文模型能够正确描述盐岩地层水溶建腔的基本规律。
五、通过数值模拟对水溶建腔影响因素进行了分析，得到几点认识：
盐岩层纵向均质性越好，则溶腔形状越规则；盐层厚度越大，对建腔越有利，而且溶腔形状易调整；对较薄的盐层，建腔难度也增大；
摘要
腔体溶蚀过程中，夹层的存在，破坏了溶腔边界的连续性，不利于建
腔作业和腔体形态控制。根据夹层力学模型，可以得到夹层应力分布
随几何参数的变化规律;夹层的破坏形式一般为弯曲破坏，当弯曲应
力超过夹层极限应力时，夹层将发生断裂和垮塌。
研究结果还表明，在控制溶腔形状的工艺参数中，防护液的控制
对腔体形态变化的影响最大，改变防护液液面位置，可以有效控制腔
体形态，而其他工艺参数都是通过改变浓度场或者速度场来改变溶腔
形状的。
六、提出了盐层水溶建腔优化设计的原则和方法。水溶建腔优化
设计原则，就是考虑到溶腔的安全性、稳定性，根据建腔周期的要求、
采盐浓度的要求，自底向上分阶段溶蚀，保证溶腔形状的连续性，对
于含夹层非均质盐岩地层，应根据夹层状况对水溶建腔的设计参数作
相应的调整。
从溶腔总体结构和工艺参数两个方面，提出了盐岩地层水溶建腔
优化设计方法，首先考虑盐层与盐丘的不同特征，合理设计溶腔的有
效容积、基本尺寸和形状参数;在此基础上，按照水溶建腔“自顶向
下”设计方法，对工艺参数进行优化设计。
对均质盐岩地层和含夹层非均质盐岩地层的水溶建腔优化设计进
行了数值模拟，计算结果表明，按照“自顶向下”设计方法，在合理
的工艺参数下，能够溶蚀出符合设计要求的溶腔。
通过本文研究，为盐岩储气库水溶建腔设计提供了理论依据，对
建设盐岩地下储气库方案设计具有指导意义。
Theory of fluid transportation and configuration development in solution mined cavern were studied in this thesis. The main works of this thesis include:
1. According to theory of fluid and chemical kinetics and material equilibrium, mechanism of fluid transportation were analyzed and a model for halite dissolution was given. Shape of solution mined cavern was affected by interaction of consistence and flow field. Characteristic of fluid transportation was different in various regions of solution mined cavern. Rate of dissolution and production were balanced by fluid transportation.
2. Mathematical model for fluid transportation and solution mining cavern was set up. Equations of dissolution Rate and of moving border for solution mined cavern were derived. The mechanical feature of interlining was discussed and its mechanics model was given by theory of elastic mechanics to describe its influence to the development of solution mined cavern.
3. The numerical solution to the mathematical model and its computing program were given to simulate development of solution
mined cavern.
4. The model was tested and verified by experiment. Some affecting factors were discussed for the model.
5. Principle and method were given for optimizing designing of solution mined cavern. The principle could be expressed by dissolving upward gradationally to ensure the continuity of the border of solution mined cavern considering of its security and stability. Then determining the overall structure of the solution mined cavern to optimize the technology parameter by downward designing method.
Solution mined cavern has been designed in both homogeneous halite stratum and non-homogeneous halite stratum with interlining by numerical simulation method. It has been indicated that the numerical simulating result and the designing cavern were in good agreement for solution mining with the reasonable technology parameter.
The paper provided an academic basis for designing solution mined cavern and took an important role in building underground gas storage in salt stratum.
引文
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