冀东“长城式”金矿地质特征与成因及找矿远景评价
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摘要
本文以成矿系统理论为指导，将“长城式”金矿研究与冀东区域和冷口盆地地质特征研究相结合，较全面地总结区域成矿地质背景、冷口盆地成矿条件和“长城式”金矿地质特征。通过地质、地球化学、地球物理、遥感地质以及不同矿化类型金矿的对比研究，分析“长城式”金矿成矿物质来源、成矿过程和成矿物理化学条件，探讨矿床成因，建立成矿模式。并以地质异常致矿理论为指导，建立预测模式，进行找矿远景评价。研究工作取得的主要进展如下。
1、从地质、航磁、化探、遥感等方面总结冀东金矿成矿地质背景。以赋矿围岩和矿化形式为依据，将冀东金矿分为5大类、10个亚类。总结金矿地质特征，分析探讨区域构造演化与Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等矿产的时空分布规律，建立了冀东地区金矿成矿模式。
2、通过对地层、岩浆活动、区域构造演化、构造协调性等方面分析，提出了马兰峪复式背斜形成时代及成因新认识。认为该背斜是在中生代早期西伯利亚板块向南挤压华北板块过程中形成的，其时代为印支期—燕山早期(T—J_1)。该分析为研究冷口断裂带和冷口盆地构造演化奠定了良好基础。
3、通过地层沉积特征和岩浆岩特征对比分析，以及构造演化与应力场协调性分析，深化了冷口断裂带及冷口盆地成因与形成时代新认识。认为冷口断裂既非元古代的生长断层，也非形成于燕山中期，而是在印支期—燕山早期(T—J_1)马兰峪复式背斜形成过程中发生的。中生代以来，在该断裂及其东侧青龙—滦县深断裂的控制下，冷口盆地经历了挤压拗陷、拉张断陷和不均衡抬升的演化过程。
4、较系统地研究了冷口盆地建造的地质、地球化学特征及其与金成矿的关系。(1)岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素研究表明，中上元古界地层Au等元素丰度较低，不利于提供矿源；迁西群变质岩含金丰度相对较高，同时伴有较高的B、Sb、As等活泼元素，是可能的原始矿源(岩)层。(2)以肖营子岩基为代表的花岗岩类岩体群，具有壳幔混合源、Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征，是中生代燕山早期同源岩浆在演化分异过程中脉动力性上升侵位的产物。其微量元素和稀土元素特征与冀东茅山、高家店、青山口等含矿花岗岩十分相似，说明它们系同源岩浆演化的产物，冷口盆地花岗岩也具有较大成矿的可能性。(3)通过对地质、航磁、化探、遥感信息综合分析认为，NW向和NE向断裂构造，花岗岩体接触带，航磁异常和线、环型构造等密度线急变带、环型构造与线型构造交汇处是金矿成矿有利部位。(4)以赋矿围岩和矿化形式为依据，将冷口盆地内金矿分为2类6个亚类，为进一步
探讨“长城式”金矿奠定了基础。
5、从角砾岩体产出的地质构造背景和遥感影像特征、出露形态和产状、组分和矿化蚀
变特征等方面分析，首次明确提出“长城式”金矿区存在与钱成一超浅成岩体（次火山岩
体）有关的隐爆一震碎角砾岩，且与“长城式”金矿关系密切。
6、综合研究认为，所谓的“长城式”金矿不是一种新的成因类型，而是产于中上元古
界碳酸盐岩一碎屑岩建造中的多种金矿化类型组合。其上部为产于碳酸盐岩地层中与隐爆
作用有关的蚀变角砾岩型金矿，下部为产于岩体接触带附近碳酸盐岩一碎屑岩地层中的破
碎蚀变岩型、硫化物石英脉型金矿。成矿与燕山期花岗岩类浅成一超浅成侵入体（次火山
岩体）关系密切，成矿物质主要来源于基底变质岩或深部；成矿流体可能是一种被加热的
大气降水、基底变质岩中封存的变质水和岩浆水的混合物。蚀变角砾岩型金矿的主成矿温
度在170oC—270C之间，成矿深度上限约为3km，是在中低温、浅成一超浅成条件下形成
的隐爆角砾岩型金矿。成矿时代为中林罗世晚期 （14——164Ma）。建立了“长城式”金矿成
矿模式。
7、以地质异常控矿理论为指导，将“长城式”金矿致矿异常分为7类，建立综合评价
模型；利用GIS叠合分析功能，评价冀东“长城式”金矿找矿远景，共圈定找矿远景区（带）
6个，重点找矿区段（矿四、矿区）15处，并对各找矿远景区（带、段）进行简要评价。
8、文章最后说明确认“长城式”金矿成因的重要意义，提出进一步工作的建议。
Guided by mineralization system theory, the thesis focus on the analysis of mineralization factors. On geological setting, author analyzed 'the Great Wall type gold deposits' within the geological setting evolvement of regional and Lengkou basin, from regional geological setting to Lengkou basin, then proceed to the next step- 'the Great Wall type gold deposits' . On study objects, author not only paid attention to the characteristics of gold mineralization of alterated breccia type gold deposits, but also thought much of the comparison with those of other type gold deposits. On research methods, author integrated information of geology, geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing.
Based on the integrative study, author analyzed the ore-controlling factors, discussed the deposit genesis, set up the metallogenic pattern and prognosis model, which would guide the geological exploration in this area. The progresses of study are mainly as follows:
1. Author summarized roundly the geological setting of gold deposits, analyzed the characteristics of geological tectonic structure in eastern Hebei. Based on the characteristics of mineralization forms and country rocks, author classified the gold deposits of eastern Hebei into 5 types and 10 sub-types. Author not only summarized the geological characteristics of gold deposits, analyzed the relationship between regional tectonic evolvement and distributing laws of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc ore deposits, but also set up the metallogenic pattern of eastern Hebei, which built up the basis of the study of geological characteristics and genesis of Lengkou basin gold deposits on metallogenic system theory, these conclusions would guide the geological exploration effectively in study area.
2. Author brought forward a new view on the age of Malanyu duplex anticline. There were three kinds of views on the age of Malanyu duplex anticline: first is that Manlanyu-Shanhaiguan was a palaeohigh, and the Malanyu duplex anticline formed in early Mesozoic. Second is that the Malanyu duplex anticline formed in Indo-Chinese epoch(Zhaoyue, 1990, Yangnong, 1996). Third is that Malanyu duplex anticline formed in early stage of middle Yanshanian epoch(J1-J2, Hebei geological bureau, 1988). Studying on stratigraphy, magmatic activities, tectonic evolvement and structure compatibility, author thought that the Malanyu duplex anticline was formed in Indo-Chinese epoch-early Yanshanian epoch (T-J1) by the continuous collision which Siberia Plate pressed the North China Plate from north to south after Mongolia anti-ocean closed. These
views about Malanyu anticline are helpful to understand the forming-age and genesis of Malanyu diplex anticline deeply, are benefit for studying the geological setting and tectonic evolvement of Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin.
3. Author put forward a new view about the forming-age and genesis of Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin. There were also three views on the problem, first view is that the Lenglou basin was the joint zone of archean Qianxi-Zhunhua terrane and Qianan terrane (Yangwensi, Qiuyoushou, 1998), second view is that the Lengkou faults were basement faults, formed in Dahongyu epoch of middle Proterozoic, these faults were growth faults in early stage, which controlled the forming and development of Lengkou basin, that is to say that Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin were formed in middle Proterozoic (Dingfu, Lizailu etc, 1998), third view is that Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin were formed in late stage of middle Yanshanian epoch(J3, Hebei geological Bureau,1988). Based on the study on characteristics of stratum, comparison of magma, and analysis of tectonic evolvement and stress field, author thought that Lengkou faults were formed in Indo-China epoch to Yanshanian epoch (T-J1) while the Malanyu duplex anticline was forming. Controlled by the Lengkou faults and the Qinglong-Luanxian deep fault, Lengkou basin went through squeezing, rifting and imbalance uplifting in Mesozoic.
4. Author studied systematically the relation between tecton
1、从地质、航磁、化探、遥感等方面总结冀东金矿成矿地质背景。以赋矿围岩和矿化形式为依据，将冀东金矿分为5大类、10个亚类。总结金矿地质特征，分析探讨区域构造演化与Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等矿产的时空分布规律，建立了冀东地区金矿成矿模式。
2、通过对地层、岩浆活动、区域构造演化、构造协调性等方面分析，提出了马兰峪复式背斜形成时代及成因新认识。认为该背斜是在中生代早期西伯利亚板块向南挤压华北板块过程中形成的，其时代为印支期—燕山早期(T—J_1)。该分析为研究冷口断裂带和冷口盆地构造演化奠定了良好基础。
3、通过地层沉积特征和岩浆岩特征对比分析，以及构造演化与应力场协调性分析，深化了冷口断裂带及冷口盆地成因与形成时代新认识。认为冷口断裂既非元古代的生长断层，也非形成于燕山中期，而是在印支期—燕山早期(T—J_1)马兰峪复式背斜形成过程中发生的。中生代以来，在该断裂及其东侧青龙—滦县深断裂的控制下，冷口盆地经历了挤压拗陷、拉张断陷和不均衡抬升的演化过程。
4、较系统地研究了冷口盆地建造的地质、地球化学特征及其与金成矿的关系。(1)岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素研究表明，中上元古界地层Au等元素丰度较低，不利于提供矿源；迁西群变质岩含金丰度相对较高，同时伴有较高的B、Sb、As等活泼元素，是可能的原始矿源(岩)层。(2)以肖营子岩基为代表的花岗岩类岩体群，具有壳幔混合源、Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征，是中生代燕山早期同源岩浆在演化分异过程中脉动力性上升侵位的产物。其微量元素和稀土元素特征与冀东茅山、高家店、青山口等含矿花岗岩十分相似，说明它们系同源岩浆演化的产物，冷口盆地花岗岩也具有较大成矿的可能性。(3)通过对地质、航磁、化探、遥感信息综合分析认为，NW向和NE向断裂构造，花岗岩体接触带，航磁异常和线、环型构造等密度线急变带、环型构造与线型构造交汇处是金矿成矿有利部位。(4)以赋矿围岩和矿化形式为依据，将冷口盆地内金矿分为2类6个亚类，为进一步
探讨“长城式”金矿奠定了基础。
5、从角砾岩体产出的地质构造背景和遥感影像特征、出露形态和产状、组分和矿化蚀
变特征等方面分析，首次明确提出“长城式”金矿区存在与钱成一超浅成岩体（次火山岩
体）有关的隐爆一震碎角砾岩，且与“长城式”金矿关系密切。
6、综合研究认为，所谓的“长城式”金矿不是一种新的成因类型，而是产于中上元古
界碳酸盐岩一碎屑岩建造中的多种金矿化类型组合。其上部为产于碳酸盐岩地层中与隐爆
作用有关的蚀变角砾岩型金矿，下部为产于岩体接触带附近碳酸盐岩一碎屑岩地层中的破
碎蚀变岩型、硫化物石英脉型金矿。成矿与燕山期花岗岩类浅成一超浅成侵入体（次火山
岩体）关系密切，成矿物质主要来源于基底变质岩或深部；成矿流体可能是一种被加热的
大气降水、基底变质岩中封存的变质水和岩浆水的混合物。蚀变角砾岩型金矿的主成矿温
度在170oC—270C之间，成矿深度上限约为3km，是在中低温、浅成一超浅成条件下形成
的隐爆角砾岩型金矿。成矿时代为中林罗世晚期 （14——164Ma）。建立了“长城式”金矿成
矿模式。
7、以地质异常控矿理论为指导，将“长城式”金矿致矿异常分为7类，建立综合评价
模型；利用GIS叠合分析功能，评价冀东“长城式”金矿找矿远景，共圈定找矿远景区（带）
6个，重点找矿区段（矿四、矿区）15处，并对各找矿远景区（带、段）进行简要评价。
8、文章最后说明确认“长城式”金矿成因的重要意义，提出进一步工作的建议。
Guided by mineralization system theory, the thesis focus on the analysis of mineralization factors. On geological setting, author analyzed 'the Great Wall type gold deposits' within the geological setting evolvement of regional and Lengkou basin, from regional geological setting to Lengkou basin, then proceed to the next step- 'the Great Wall type gold deposits' . On study objects, author not only paid attention to the characteristics of gold mineralization of alterated breccia type gold deposits, but also thought much of the comparison with those of other type gold deposits. On research methods, author integrated information of geology, geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing.
Based on the integrative study, author analyzed the ore-controlling factors, discussed the deposit genesis, set up the metallogenic pattern and prognosis model, which would guide the geological exploration in this area. The progresses of study are mainly as follows:
1. Author summarized roundly the geological setting of gold deposits, analyzed the characteristics of geological tectonic structure in eastern Hebei. Based on the characteristics of mineralization forms and country rocks, author classified the gold deposits of eastern Hebei into 5 types and 10 sub-types. Author not only summarized the geological characteristics of gold deposits, analyzed the relationship between regional tectonic evolvement and distributing laws of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc ore deposits, but also set up the metallogenic pattern of eastern Hebei, which built up the basis of the study of geological characteristics and genesis of Lengkou basin gold deposits on metallogenic system theory, these conclusions would guide the geological exploration effectively in study area.
2. Author brought forward a new view on the age of Malanyu duplex anticline. There were three kinds of views on the age of Malanyu duplex anticline: first is that Manlanyu-Shanhaiguan was a palaeohigh, and the Malanyu duplex anticline formed in early Mesozoic. Second is that the Malanyu duplex anticline formed in Indo-Chinese epoch(Zhaoyue, 1990, Yangnong, 1996). Third is that Malanyu duplex anticline formed in early stage of middle Yanshanian epoch(J1-J2, Hebei geological bureau, 1988). Studying on stratigraphy, magmatic activities, tectonic evolvement and structure compatibility, author thought that the Malanyu duplex anticline was formed in Indo-Chinese epoch-early Yanshanian epoch (T-J1) by the continuous collision which Siberia Plate pressed the North China Plate from north to south after Mongolia anti-ocean closed. These
views about Malanyu anticline are helpful to understand the forming-age and genesis of Malanyu diplex anticline deeply, are benefit for studying the geological setting and tectonic evolvement of Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin.
3. Author put forward a new view about the forming-age and genesis of Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin. There were also three views on the problem, first view is that the Lenglou basin was the joint zone of archean Qianxi-Zhunhua terrane and Qianan terrane (Yangwensi, Qiuyoushou, 1998), second view is that the Lengkou faults were basement faults, formed in Dahongyu epoch of middle Proterozoic, these faults were growth faults in early stage, which controlled the forming and development of Lengkou basin, that is to say that Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin were formed in middle Proterozoic (Dingfu, Lizailu etc, 1998), third view is that Lengkou faults and Lengkou basin were formed in late stage of middle Yanshanian epoch(J3, Hebei geological Bureau,1988). Based on the study on characteristics of stratum, comparison of magma, and analysis of tectonic evolvement and stress field, author thought that Lengkou faults were formed in Indo-China epoch to Yanshanian epoch (T-J1) while the Malanyu duplex anticline was forming. Controlled by the Lengkou faults and the Qinglong-Luanxian deep fault, Lengkou basin went through squeezing, rifting and imbalance uplifting in Mesozoic.
4. Author studied systematically the relation between tecton
引文
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