用户名: 密码: 验证码:
三维构造应力场与油气运移及其在辽河油田滩海地区的应用
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
石油天然气资源是战略资源。搞清石油和天然气的分布规律,具有重要的意义。研究表明,地应力场和油气分布有密切的联系,因而油田应力场的研究十分重要。尽管前人在这方面做了大量的研究,但是由于问题的复杂性,这一研究依然处于探索阶段。本论文研究“三维应力场、裂缝及其与油气移聚关系”,完成了深入细致的石油地质分析、构造应力场历史分析、地应力测量、岩石力学实验测试、三维应力场有限元法数值模拟、三维裂缝数值计算、应力场与油气运移、裂缝与油气运移综合研究工作,在基础理论探讨、技术方法创新、软件编制及综合应用等方面,均有较大的突破。本文取得了如下的成果和主要认识:
     1 运用现代力学理论,将石油地质环境分析与岩石力学应力应变分析相结合,探讨了油气运移的机理,认为地应力是油气运移的主要驱动力之一。指出了三维应力场中平均应力是描述油气流体在孔隙地层中运移的主要指标,平均应力梯度减小的方向就是油气运移的优势方向。
     2 完善了从油田地质研究、岩(体)石力学分析、应力与油气运移关系、三维有限元数学模拟、油气运移分析到靶区预测的全系列技术路线。深化了三维有限元分析这一环节。
     3 发展了有限元三维建模技术,建立了一套独特的“始于地层和断层形态描述、先建层、再成体”的三维网格剖分技术。其核心是含复杂断裂起伏多变空间地层的分割剖分技术。它能较准确地反映油田应力场地质模型的力学特性,精度高,也有很高的效率。
     4 深入研究了三维张性微裂缝形成的力学机理,首次指出:在裂隙内饱含孔隙水的情况下,微裂缝周边的应力集中程度更高,裂缝更容易扩展乃至连通,因此,在张裂缝发育的研究中应该对格里菲斯准则进行修正。
     5 改进了三维有限元模拟后处理分析,编制了在WINDOWS系统下运行的油田应力场地质分析程序,形成了软件包,实现了矢量的三维空间变换及结果的可视化及自动成图,提高了分析的自动化水平。软件可视化包括:空间应力矢量(大小和方向)、裂缝性态(张裂缝和剪裂缝发育程度及其方向矢量)在特定观察面(如沿起伏的地层面)上的展示。
     6 在应用实践方面,结合辽河滩海地区完成了系列化分析。建立了真三维模型,反映了地层、断层的真实性态,计算得到了该地区三维应力场和油气运移的主要指标(最大水平主应力方向、平均主应力、张裂缝和剪裂缝及其方向矢量)三维分布图,完成综合分析,指出:①应力场总体上制约着本区油气运聚总趋势,油气由西北部盖州滩洼陷向东部太阳岛断裂背斜带及燕南潜山带运移聚集。②随
    
    时代由老到新,三期构造应力场的应力数值变大,同时,裂缝发育程度增强,运
    移通道环境改善,表明时代越新油气运移能力增强。③应力分布特点:平面上,
    断裂带及其附近为低应力值区;在剖面上,断裂浅部应力低,断裂深部应力高。
    流体势在深部为高势区,浅部为低势区。它驱使油气由断裂两侧向断裂带移聚,
    然后由沿断裂带由深部向浅部移聚。油气运移为水平加垂向的混合模式。这些部
    位也是裂缝相对发育区。④三期构造应力场空间最大主应力方向皆为垂向,五裂
    缝大多为50”~85”的中高角度剪裂缝,油气的垂向运移比较明显。同时,还沿
    最大水平主应力方向发生侧向运移。⑤在局部范围内,断裂的交汇处、断裂的弧
    弯内测、构造高部位重叠处,是油气勘探优先考虑的区域。③预测了油气有利成
    藏区域,为油田勘探和开发提供了科学依据。
Petroleum is a kind of strategic resource of great importance. It is meaningful to find out the distribution of oil and gas. The research work done shows that the geostress plays important role on the distribution of oil and gas. Therefore, it is very important to study the field of geostress in oil field. Although much have been done in this aspect, the study is still in the stage of approach because of the complexity of this problem. This dissertation studies numerical modeling of 3-d geostress field, numerical modeling of 3-d fracture and influence of stress and fracture on the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. This dissertation performes an advanced analysis of oil geology, analysis of the history of geostress field in oil field, measuring of tectonic stress, tests of rock mechanics parameters, 3-d FEM (finite element method) numerical simulation for the field of geostress, numerical calculation for three dimensional fracture, analysis of relationship between geostress field and migration of oil
     and gas, analysis of relationship between fracture and migration of oil and gas, etc. And some great breakthrough has been done. Main outcomes and cognition are given as followings:
    1. Applying contemporary theory of mechanics, combining analysis of petroleum geological environment with stress-stain analysis of rock, discussing mechanism of migration of oil and gas, this dissertation stresses that the geostress is one of the main driving force for migration of oil and gas. This paper also points out clearly that the average stress is the main driving force for migration of the petroleum in the pore stratum, the downhill direction of average stress gradient is the preponderant direction of the migration oil and gas.
    2. This paper perfects a whole series of technical routes which begins at research of oil geology, then analysis of rock mechanics, migration theory stress and oil and gas, 3-D FEM mathematical simulation, 3-D fracture simulation, and then integrative analysis of petroleum migration, finally, forecast of target area. It has strengthened the analysis process of three dimensional FEM numerical simulation of geostress field and fracture.
    3. This paper develops model-building technology of 3-D FEM and establishes a particular set of 3-D meshing and splitting technology. That begins at morphologic description of stratum and fault at first, then forming grid in stratum and then meshing in the 3-d volume structure. The core of which is division technology of 3-d dimensional stratum which is consisted of different kind of rock and contains complicated fault. It can reflect mechanical characteristics of geological model for the field of geostress in the oil field correctly and truly. It has very high efficiency also.
    4. According to thorough research on mechanical mechanism of 3-D tensional micro-fracture producing, this point is put forward the first time that: there is more stress concentration in the circumference of micro-cracks. And the cracks are easier to expand and to link with each other
    
    
    when the fissures contained saturated pore fluid than dry state. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the Griffith criteria.
    5. Much research work has been done on improving post-treatment of 3-D FEM numerical simulation. And a software package running in Windows98 system has been compiled which is used for analysis of geostress field in oil field. It can calculate the transform of vector in 3-D space. It can give vector of stress, and break factor and direction vector of tensive crack and shearing crack in the special observation planes (for examples, in a stratal surface which is fluctuant in depth). It can increase the automation in the FEM analysis of 3-D geostress field in oil field. It can realize visualization and automatic map drawing of the results.
    6. On the basis of theory study, a series of research work has been done in Liaohe oil field Thanhai aera. Some 3-D models has been established which correctly reflectes the true mechnical characteristics and the geometric characteristics
引文
1.李四光.地质力学概论.科学出版社,1973
    2.李四光.地质力学方法.科学出版社,1976
    3.B.A.索柯洛夫[苏].油气运移.科学出版社,1959
    4.A.A.巴基洛夫[苏].油气聚集带形成地质条件与分布.石油工业出版社,1988
    5.李明诚.石油与天然气运移.石油工业出版社,1994
    6.R.E.科林斯[苏].流体通过多孔材料的流动.石油工业出版社,1984
    7.真柄钦次[日].压实与流体运移.石油工业出版社,1981
    8.张博全.压实在油气勘探中的应用.中国地质大学出版社,1992
    9.孙其政.地下流体地震预报方法.地震出版社,1997
    10.陈全茂等.辽河盆地东部凹陷构造及其含油气性分析.地质出版社,1998
    11.张咸恭等.中国工程地质学.科学出版社,2000
    12.李鉴扬.对华北及其邻区中、新生代断陷盆地形成机制的新认识.1985
    13.曾秋生.中国地壳应力状态.地震出版社,1990
    14.孙宝珊等.老爷庙地区断裂系统及成因研究.科研报告,1998
    15.王连捷,孙宝珊等.张强凹陷科尔康油田地应力测量及其与油气关系.科研报告,1995
    16.孙宝珊等.笔架岭地层断裂封闭性研究.科研报告,1997
    17.路则平,孙洪斌,姚继峰等.辽河滩海地区石油地质综合研究及勘探目标评价.科研报告,1998
    18.李登华,江建虹,刘敏.辽河滩海东部凹陷石油地质特征及勘探目标评价.科研报告,1997
    19.江建虹.辽河滩海地层地质构造特征.科研报告,1997
    20.马寅生.燕山东段—下辽河盆地中新生代盆岭构造及应力场演化.博士论文,1997
    21.孙殿卿.地质力学找油的一个观点—构造体系的观点.地质力学所所刊,1992
    22.陈庆宣.岩石变形与构造应力场分析中值得注意的几个问题.地质力学所所刊,1986
    23.陶一川.油气运移聚集的流体动力学机理问题.石油与天然气地质,1983,4(3)
    24.陶一川.地下流体的势和油气运移的数据—与张厚福同志商榷.石油与天然气地质,1985,6/2,209~210
    25.孙宝珊.铲(犁)式断裂控油模式概析.地质力学学报,1996
    26.孙宝珊,丁原辰,任希飞等.辽北张强地质燕山期以来主要构造运动期最大主应力的测定.地质评价,2000
    27.孙宝珊.矿田构造应力场与成矿关系分析.矿田构造与成矿预测,1993
    28.孙宝珊,丁原辰等.声发射法测量古今应力在油田的应用.地质力学报,1996,2(2):11~17
    29.孙宝珊,周新桂.油田断裂封闭性研究.地质力学学报,1995,1(2):21-27;
    30.丁原辰,张大伦.声发射抹录不净现象在地应力测量中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,
    
    1991
    31.丁原辰,张大伦,傅方才.岩石试样凯瑟效应的实验研究.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,1984
    32.丁原辰、王红才等.声发射估计岩石古应力的实验研究.地质力学与地壳运动,1992
    33.Jean du Rouchet, 尚慧云等译.应力场—石油运移的关系.油气运移第一集.石油工业出版社,1988
    34.姚军辉,徐向华等.葵花岛构造带应力场与油气运移聚集关系.石油与天然气地质文集,第六集.地质出版社,1997
    35.吴起林等.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化.地震学报,1995,5(4),461-465
    36.徐永元译.构造回返运动过程里泥岩中烃类的初次运移.油气运移,第1集,1988.石油地质出版社,1988
    37.刘家铎.沾化凹陷罗家鼻状构造油气运移富集规律研究.成都理工学院学报,2000,27/2,总98,111~115
    38.张春明.塔西南群苦恰克构造带油气运移与聚集.石油勘探与开发,1999,26/5总151,8~9
    39.王德强。歧口凹陷深层流体势场特征与油气运移.石油勘探与开发,1999,26/3总149,15~17
    40.李明诚.地壳中的热流体活动与油气运移.地学前缘,1995,2/4,155~162
    41.李明诚.油气运移研究的现状与发展.石油勘探与开发,1994,21/2总118,1~6
    42.李明诚.油气运移研究的现状及主要进展.世界石油工业,2000,7/1总73,24~27
    43.李明诚.地流体、封隔体和含油气系统与油气运移的关系.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24/4总120,29~33
    44.李明诚.油气运移研究的现状与发展.地球物理学进展,1991,6/3总19,17~21
    45.孙樯.地球深部流体与油气生成及运移浅析.地球科学进展,2000,15/3总88,283~288
    46.阎福礼.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用.石油与天然气地质,1999,20/4,295~298
    47.黄永岭.用地震压力预测技术研究临清坳陷(东部)泥岩压实与油气运移.复式油气田,1999,4,35~38
    48.吴冲龙.关于“沉积盆地古构造应力场、超压体系与油气运移”问题的探讨.复式油气田,1999,3,55~58
    49.武红岭.油田构造应力场驱动油气运移的理论和方法研究.石油学报,1999,20/5,7~12
    50.童亨茂.应力对流体及油气二次运移作用的几种模式.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23/2,总112,14~17
    51.黄福堂.储层有机地球化学及油气运移特征.大庆石油地质与开发,17/1总65,4~7,1998
    52.潘日芳.高升—牛心坨地区流体运动规律与油气运移聚集特征研究.断块油气田,1999,6/6,总36,17~19
    53.伍涛.孤南洼陷异常流体压力与油气运移聚集.断块油气田,1999,3总33,11~14
    
    
    54.沈淑敏.构造应力驱动与油气运移.地震出版社,1998
    55.王连捷,王薇等.钻孔崩落法地应力测量水文地质.环境地质与工程地质论文集,1992
    56.王连捷,王薇等.地应力驱动油气运移的基本方程与有限元分析.地质力学学报,1996
    57.王连捷.地应力驱动油气运移基本方程及有限元模拟.地质力学学报,5/1,27~32,1999
    58.王连捷,潘立宙等著.地应力测量及其在工程中的应用.地质出版社,1991.11
    59.王连捷,张利容,彭华等.利用钻孔崩落法确定深部地应力状态[C].工程地质、水文地质、环境地质论文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1993
    60.王正允.谢家湾构造流体包裹体及油气运移期.石油与天然气地质,1998,19/2,152~156
    61.孙雄.构造应力场对油气运移的影响.石油勘探与开发,1998,25/1总141,1~4
    62.张树林.南堡凹陷的断裂构造与油气三次运移.石油与天然气地质,1996,17/4,262~267
    63.周月根.地下超临界流体与油气运移关系浅析.地质地球化学,1998,1总231,15~18
    64.李伟.应用油田水地球化学及流体势追踪油气运移途径.石油勘探与开发,1996,23/6,34~36
    65.李延钧.板桥凹陷古流体势与油气运移聚集史研究.沉积学报,1996,14/4,94~101
    66.冯向阳.应力驱动与油气运移势场的剖面研究.地质力学学报,1996,2/2,26~30
    67.王屿涛.准噶尔分地西北缘油气运移的地球化学研究.石油实验地质1,1995,17/3,265~27
    68.范土芝.地下流体势的空间分布模式与油气运移聚集关系.地球科学,1996,21/2,185~190
    69.雷利安.东濮凹陷桥口构造油气运移模式探讨.天然气工业,1996,16/1总75,9~14
    70.华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移.沉积学报,1995,77~85
    71.王文斌.华东某构造古水动力场与油气运移聚集关系研究.成都理工学院学报,1994,21/2,总71,71~78
    72.张德芰.川北砂岩型铀成矿条件与油气运移过程中的物理—化学条件(摘要).矿物岩石,1994,14/2总56,83
    73.Hipplr,S.J.张断层附近砂岩中显微变形构造和成岩作用对油气运移和聚集的意义.地质科学译丛,1993,10/4总40,60~67
    74.刘福宁.北三台地区用地震资料进行泥岩压实和油气运移研究.石油实验地质,1993,15/1,74~80
    75.Ameen,M.S.伊拉克北部基底构造对油气生成、运移和聚集的影响.国外油气勘探,1993,5/4总28,383~395
    76.贾跃明.找油理论的新思维—地壳流体大规模运移控制油气藏的形成和分布.中国地质,1993,7,总194,26~28
    77.吴康.利用流体包体分析川西二叠系裂缝形成和油气运移时期.天然气工业,1992,12/6总56,15~20
    78.祁林.四川盆地喜马拉雅期地应力场演化对油气运移聚集影响.四川地质学报,1992,
    
    12/3总31,232~238
    79.于福华.异常压力流体层段内油气的生成和运移:讨论.国外海上油气,1991,4总33,51~58
    80.胡伯良.塔里木盆地北部沙雅隆起雅克拉构造油气地球化学特征及其生成、运移和聚集.石油实验地质,1990,12/3,232~247
    81.Allan,u.s.断裂构造中的圈闭及油气运移模式.地质科学译丛,1990,3总24,67~73
    82.沈淑敏.中国东南大陆边缘地区构造应力场特征与东海盆地油气运移规律.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,1989,12,1~76
    83.胡济世.异常高压、流体压裂与油气运移.石油勘探与开发,1989,16/3,16~23
    84.田世澄.油气初次运移的地球化学效应及排烃类型.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),1990,15/1,75~86
    85.田世澄.泌阳凹陷孔隙流体压力及油气运移特征.地球科学—武汉地质学院学报,1986,11/3,323~327
    86.Medvedeva,A.M.孢粉分析在西西伯利亚油气田流体运移研究中的应用.中南石油地质科技情报,1988,2总16,28~35
    87.佚名.油气初次运移的研究现状.石油地质译文选,1987,1~17
    88.Davidson,M.J.油气垂直运移法:一种有潜力的地球化学勘探方法.地质地球化学,1987,1,8~11,71
    89.张厚福.我国油气运移的研究现状与展望.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24/4总120,1~3,20
    90.杨怀义.辽河盆地东部凹陷滩海地区油源对比.石油与天然气地质文集,第6集,40~47
    91.侯读杰.混源油气运移方向的地球化学识别.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24/4总120,87~90
    92.魏忠文.南堡凹陷北部东营末期构造应力场与油气运移关系的探讨.现代地质(中国地质大学研究生院学报),2000,14/4,435~439
    93.张兴权.天然地震与构造裂缝、油气运移的关系研究.石油勘探与开发,2000,27/4总156,106~108
    94.张德元,刘元生,李一兵主编.油田地震信息监测研究与应用.地震出版社,1995
    95. Jean Louis Vigneresse, Modification of the Regional Stress Field by Magma in Trusion and Formation of Tabular Granitic plutions. Tectonophysics, (302)203—224, 1999
    96. Liu-Guangxun; Ding-Jianmin,Recent stress field of Mesozoic Neozoic basins and its relationship to basin structure and oil-gas occurrence. International symposium on tectonic evolution and dynamics of continental lithosphere(the Third All-China conference on tectonics), 3, Vol. 1; Pages 100, 1987
    97. Anderson, E. M.. The Dynamics of Faulting and Dyke Formation With Aplication to Britain, 2nd
    
    ed.,206pp.,OIiver and Boyd,Edinburgh
    98. Lahaie-Franz; Grasso-Jean-Robert,Loading rate impact on fracturing pattern; lessons from hydrocarbon recovery, Lacq gas field, France. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 104; 8, Pages 17,941-17,954, 1999
    99. Cartwright-Joseph; Johnson-Howard; etc. Post-depositional remobilisation of deepwater massive sandstone reservoirs; impact on reservoir modelling and prediction.AAPG Bulletin, 83; 8, Pages 1303-1304, 1999
    100. Iliffe-James. Basin dynamics, plumbing, pressures and hydrocarbon charge of Tertiary reservoirs of the UKCS. AAPG Bulletin, 83; 8, Pages 1318, 1999
    101. Meneses-Rocha-Javier; Yurewicz-Donald-A. Petroleum exploration and production in fold and thrust belts; ideas from a Hedberg research symposium. AAPG Bulletin. 83; 6, Pages 889-897, 1999
    102. Losh-Steven; Meulbroek-P; Walter-L; Eglinton-L. Fluid migration in a faulted reservoir system, South Eugene Island Block 330, offshore Louisiana.Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1998
    103. Heppard-Philip-D; Albertin-Martin-L. Abnormal pressure evaluation of the recent Pliocene and Miocene gas discoveries from the eastern Nile Delta, Egypt, using 2D and 3D seismic data. Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1998
    104. Nunn-Jeffrey-A; Cathles-Lawrence-M, Global basins research network; advancing the science of fluid flow prediction in sedimentary basins. AAPG Bulletin. 82; 10, Pages 1947-1948, 1998
    105. Nunn-Jeffrey-A; Cathles-Lawrence-M. Global basins research network; advancing the science of fluid flow prediction in sedimentary basins. AAPG Bulletin. 82; 10, Pages 1947-1948, 1998
    106. Brosse-Etienne; Le-Gallo-Yann; Bazin-Brigitte; Jeffrey-S. Controlling parameters of mineral diagenesis in reservoirs; the contribution of numerical modeling. AAPG Bulletin. 82; 10, Pages 1896, 1998
    107. Brosse-Etienne; Le-Gallo-Yann; Bazin-Brigitte; Jeffrey-S. Controlling parameters of mineral diagenesis in reservoirs; the contribution of numerical modeling. AAPG Bulletin. 82; 10, Pages 1896, 1998
    108. Xie-Taijun; Zhang-Qunying; Yang-Xuechang. Geopressure field and hydrocarbon migration in Weixinan Depression. Journal of China University of Geosciences , 8; 2, Pages 133-138. 1997
    109. Capello-de-P-Maria-Angela; Batzle-Michael. Rock physics in seismic monitoring. Leading
    
    Edge(Tulsa, OK), 16; 9, Pages 1255-1260, 1997
    110. Yu-Z; Pang-X; Pepper-A-S. Petroleum generation and migration modelling in Daqing oil field, Songliao Basin, China. Annual Meeting Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 6; Pages 129, 1997
    111. Hermanrud-Christian;Nordgard-Bolas-Hege-Mari;Fichler-Christine;Rornes-Astri;Heggland-Roar. Studies of hydrocarbon migration; an important discipline in hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Bulletin, 81; 8, Pages 1383, 1997
    112. Forbes-P-L;Ungerer-P;Mudford-B-S. A two-dimensional model of overpressure development and gas accumulation in Venture Field, Eastern Canada. AAPG Bulletin, 76; 3, Pages 318-338, 1992
    113. Sun-Baoshan; Shen-Shumin; Wang-Lianje; Wei-Dawei; Zhang-Zhiguo. Relationship between the features of tectonic stress field and the migration and accumulation of oil and gas in the Xayar Uplift, northeastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Annual Report-Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1990; Pages 56-63. 1992
    114. Luo-Ming; Baker-Mark-R; LeMone-David-V,Generation and development of overpressure in War-Wink gas field, Delaware Basin, West Texas. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America. 23; 5, Pages 56-57. 1991.
    115. Teufel-Lawrence-W; Farrell-Helen-E,Distribution of in-situ stress and natural fractures in the Ekofisk Field, North Sea; implications for reservoir permeability. AAPG Bulletin. 74; 5, Pages 777. 1990.
    116. Reid-William-M, Application of thematic mapper imagery to oil exploration in Austin Chalk, central Gulf Coast Basin, Texas. AAPG Bulletin. 72; 2, Pages 239. 1988. (American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1988. )
    117. Hamilton-Smith-Terrence,Fractured shale reservoirs; towards a realistic model. AAPG Bulletin. 80; 9, Pages 1524. 1996. (American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States.)
    118. Flemings-Peter-B; Zoback-Mark-D; Anderson-Roger-N, State of stress in a Plio-Pleistocene Gulf Coast growth fault; implications for fracture driven fluid flow. Annual Meeting Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 5; Pages 46-47. 1996.
    119. Stone-Donald-S,Structure and kinematic genesis of the Quealy wrench duplex; transpressional reactivation of the Precambrian Cheyenne Belt in the Laramie Basin, Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin. 79; 9, Pages 1349-1376. 1995.
    120. An integrated multicomponent three-dimensional seismic characterization of Joffre Field,
    
    Alberta, Canada. 1995
    121. McPherson-B-J; Bredehoeft-J-D,Basin evolution, fluid pressures, oil migration; Uinta Basin, Utah. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America. 27; 6, Pages 23. 1995.
    122. Anderson-Roger-N,Migration pathway for hydrocarbons within a fault zone conduit in the Eugene Island 330 Field of offshore Louisiana. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America. 27; 6, Pages 328. 1995.
    123. Bredehoeft-J-D; Wesley-J-B; Fouch-T-D,Simulations of the origin of fluid pressure, fracture generation, and the movement of fluids in the Uinta Basin, Utah. AAPG Bulletin. 78; 11, Pages 1729-1747. 1994.
    124. Anderson-Roger-N; Flemings-Peter; Losh-Steven; Austin-John; Woodhams-Richard,Gulf of Mexico growth fault drilled, seen as oil, gas migration pathway. Oil and Gas Journal. 94; 23, Pages 97-104. 1994.
    125. Chen-Zhilin; ZHou-Guangjia; Alexander-R,A biomarker study of immature crude oils from the Shengli Oilfield, People's Republic of China. Chemical Geology. 113; 1-2, Pages 117-132. 1994.
    126. Flemings-P-B; Haggerty-Susan-J; Anderson-R-N,Capillary pressure and effective stress; potential controls on hydrocarbon distribution and migration in Eugene Island Block 330. Annual Meeting Abstracts-American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 1994; Pages 150. 1994.
    127. Wolfe-J-E, A right-lateral structural model for Poui Field, offshore Trinidad, from 3-D seismic interpretation and subsurface well control. AAPG Bulletin. 77; 2, Pages 355. 1993.
    128. Caillet-Gerard,The caprock of the Snorre Field, Norway; a possible leakage by hydraulic fracturing. Marine and Petroleum Geology. 10; 1, Pages 42-50. 1993.
    129. Hunt, J. M., Generation and migration of Petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments. AAPG Bull.V.74No.1,1990,pp. 1-12
    130. Stephen S.Flint and Ian D.Bryant. The Geological Modelling of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogues. Special publication number of sedimentologists, published by Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1993
    131. Ramberg,H., 1981,Gravity deformation and the earth's crust:In theory,experiments and geological application, Second Edition, Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd.
    132. Carlson,A,and Olssou,T.,Large Scale in-situ Test on Stress and Water Flow Relationships in Fractured Rock,Swedish State Power Board, 1986.
    133. 徐芝纶编.弹性力学(上册).人民教育出版社,1979,126~145
    134. 刘北辰,陆鸿森编.弹性力学.冶金工业出版社,1979
    
    
    135.乔兰.新城金矿采矿设计优化的岩石力学综合研究[博士学位论文].北京科技大学,2000.5
    136.李长洪,蔡美峰,乔兰等.声发射技术和分形理论在采场稳定性研究中的应用.中国矿业,1999.8,(全国采矿会议文集)
    137.王连捷、王红才、王薇、孙宝珊等.辽河油田地区三维构造应力场与油气运移研究报告,2001
    138.沈平平,油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践.石油工业出版社,2000.12
    139.酆轩增等.石油与天然气地质文集,第七集.天然气地质及勘探开发技术.中国新星石油公司石油地质研究所,王庭斌主编.地质出版社,1998,10
    140.文世鹏,李德同.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术.石油大学学报(自然科学版),Vol.20 No.5,1996.17~24.
    141.周永胜,张流.裂缝性储集层岩芯裂缝统计分析.世界地质,Vol.19 No.2,2000,117-124
    142.沈淑敏,冯向阳等.塔里木盆地北部地区主要断裂带构造应力场与油气运移.地质力学学报,1995,1(2):11~12
    143.曾佐勋,刘立林著.构造模拟.中国地质大学出版社,1992.12
    144.黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生著.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测.地质出版社,1996.8
    145.曾溅辉,金之钧等著.油气二次运移和聚集物理模拟.石油工业出版社,2000
    146.陈建平,黄第蕃,陈键军等著.酒东盆地油气生成和运移.石油工业出版社,1996
    147.查明.断陷盆地油气二次运移与聚集.地质出版社,1997
    148.刘建中,张金株,张雪编著.油应力测量.地震出版社,1993
    149.王平著.含油盆地构造力学原理.石油工业出版社,2001
    150.周维垣主编.高等岩石力学.水利电力出版社,1989
    151.西北大学地质系编,石油地质学.地质出版社,1979
    152.李四光同志关于地质工作方面的一些意见(二),1981

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700