中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维层析成像
|
摘要
频敌和衰减是面波传播中的两个基本特征，利用面波频散和衰减可以有效地研究地球内部速度结构和粘弹性结构。本文主要通过Rayleigh面波衰减反演地壳上地幔S波品质因子Q_β，建立了中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子全三维结构。探讨了中国大陆区域地球内部粘弹性结构。这对了解中国大陆地区地球内部物质性质和动力学等方面具有重要意义。本文首先探讨了面波衰减的机理，对面波衰减和S波品质因子Q_β反演的计算方法进行了系统的研究，并对中国大陆地区地壳上地幔Q_β三维结构进行层析成像，取得了以下重要成果：
(1)Rayleigh面波衰减系数γ计算。本文首先从所收集的震级在5级以上2861条面波记录中挑选波形好、记录完整的资料进行预处理，计算其大园路径，从中挑选出位于同一地震大园路径上的双台地震记录约284对，然后计算出前向方位角差，其差在5°范围以内的双台地震记录约260余对，量后对这些记录进一步优化，选出223对对中国大陆地区覆盖比较好的面波记录。对这些地震记录做仪器频响特性校正，同时进行频时分析(FTAN)，求其群速度频散。再通过相匹配滤波方法进行Rayleigh面波基阶分离，得到基阶面波记录。利用单源双台法计算出台站之间的Rayleigh面波混合路径衰减系数γ。为了避免计算出负的衰减系数的问题，本文提出了用频率域维纳滤波的方法来进行改善。
(2)进行Rayleigh波衰减系数γ、群速度网格化纯路径衰减反演计算，得到网格单元纯路径衰减系数和群速度分布结构。为此把中国大陆区域划分成4°×4°网格和2°×2°网格，利用LSQR方法分别进行衰减系数和群速度网格化反演，得到4°×4°单元格的衰减系数分布和2°×2°单元网格的群速度分布。利用γ、群速度和9R关系计算出网格单元的Rayleigh波品质因子Q_β分布。
(3)对每个网格“单元柱”的Q_β维结构进行深度反演，建立中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子Q_β三维模型。首先应用课题组利用面波层速度反演、人工地震等各种方法得到的数据，建立反演计算模型( V_S、V_p。Q_β、P)，利用衰减系数和层内S波品质因子Q_β之间的关系，通过阻尼最小二乘法反演方法反演每个单元格内各层Q_β，得到每个“单元柱”的Q_β三维结构．再把所有的“单元柱”连起来，得到研究区域的Q_β横向、纵向变化三维模型。
(4)研究结果显示，在频率域内，面波衰减系数分布与群速度分布具有一定的相关性。在不同周期，面波衰减系数或品质因子在整个中国大陆区域分布是不均匀的；总体表现为高
群速度分布的区域呈现高丛和低衰减系数、低群速度分布的区域呈现低丛和高衰减系数分
布的特点。通过对整个研究区域的op”维的反演计算与成像，为了解中国大陆地球内部粘弹
性结构提供了依据。结果显示研究区域的日横向、纵向变化非常显著，软流圈结构能够明显
区分出来，各个大构造单元的Q结构呈现出显著的变化。这为解释中国大陆区域地球内部介
质性质和探讨地球动力学提供丰富的信息。
Two of the most predominant characteristics of Surface Wave are Dispersion and Attenuation which are the effective tools to study the velocity structure and viscidity structure of the earth interior. By using the Attenuation property of the Rayleigh Surface Wave to invert the quality factor of crust and upper mantle, this paper yields the S-Wave quality factor 3D structure of Crust and Upper Mantle of China, and the viscidity structure of this area as well. This is of very important significance to understand the material property and geodynamic of corresponding area,, The surface wave attenuation mechanism and the inversion algorithm of attenuation and S-wave quality factor are discussed systemically in this paper. Some important fruits and understanding are resulted from the the Crust and Upper mantle Tomography of China.
(1) Calculating of the Rayleigh Surface wave attenuation factor y. In the first step. 2861 surface wave recordings with seismic magnitude over 5.0 are selected under the criteria of Good-Wave and "Intact Recording", calculating the big-circle paths, and then about 284 two-station pairs of which two stations are along the same big-circle are chosen, among them there are about 260 pairs with difference of forward azimuth angle less than 5?. after further optimizing, 223 pairs which perfectly cover the China area are used in the final calculation. After doing the modifying of machine in calculating the real amplitude and frequency-time analysis to all selected records, the group velocity was calculated for each seismograms. Further using the phase-match for each seismograms , the fundamental-mode surface wave was separated. Using the two-station methods, the fundamental-mode interstation attenuation coefficients y was calculated . in order to avoiding the negative attenuation coefficients y. the frequence-domain Winner filter was used.
(2) Calculating the Gridded Rayleigh wave attenuation factor y and Group Velocity. The LSQR algorithm is used to inverse the attenuation factor and group velocity under 4? X4?gridding and 2? X2?gridding, and4? X4?gridding attenuation and 2? X2?gridding group velocity are calculated respectively, based on the attenuation and velocity, the distribuation of Rayleigh wave quality factor QR are yielded finally.
(3)Building the S-Wave quality factor Og3D structure of the Continental Crust and
Upper Mantle of China area. The initial model (VS,VP,QB,p)based on previous work of this research group is adopted, and by terms of the relationship between the attenuation factor and S-Wave quality factor, the stochastic least square is conducted to inverse the O>> of ail layers under every grid, i.e. the QB structure of every uiut-column . and finally the transverse and vertical structure of research area can be easily generated.
(4) The correlation property between the distribution of attenuation factor and that of the group velocity is indicated, in this study. Generally speaking, the high group velocity and low attenuation factor and high QR in the same area , but relatively low group velocity and high attenuation factor and low QR in the same area in China is the general distribution. The transverse and vertical variation of QB are very clear in the 3D calculation in the whole area, and the asthenosphere and some big structure arae is also showed very clearly. This study provides plentiful information for the interpretation of the material property and geodynamic of earth interior of China area, and also help to understand the interior viscidity structure of China area
(1)Rayleigh面波衰减系数γ计算。本文首先从所收集的震级在5级以上2861条面波记录中挑选波形好、记录完整的资料进行预处理，计算其大园路径，从中挑选出位于同一地震大园路径上的双台地震记录约284对，然后计算出前向方位角差，其差在5°范围以内的双台地震记录约260余对，量后对这些记录进一步优化，选出223对对中国大陆地区覆盖比较好的面波记录。对这些地震记录做仪器频响特性校正，同时进行频时分析(FTAN)，求其群速度频散。再通过相匹配滤波方法进行Rayleigh面波基阶分离，得到基阶面波记录。利用单源双台法计算出台站之间的Rayleigh面波混合路径衰减系数γ。为了避免计算出负的衰减系数的问题，本文提出了用频率域维纳滤波的方法来进行改善。
(2)进行Rayleigh波衰减系数γ、群速度网格化纯路径衰减反演计算，得到网格单元纯路径衰减系数和群速度分布结构。为此把中国大陆区域划分成4°×4°网格和2°×2°网格，利用LSQR方法分别进行衰减系数和群速度网格化反演，得到4°×4°单元格的衰减系数分布和2°×2°单元网格的群速度分布。利用γ、群速度和9R关系计算出网格单元的Rayleigh波品质因子Q_β分布。
(3)对每个网格“单元柱”的Q_β维结构进行深度反演，建立中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子Q_β三维模型。首先应用课题组利用面波层速度反演、人工地震等各种方法得到的数据，建立反演计算模型( V_S、V_p。Q_β、P)，利用衰减系数和层内S波品质因子Q_β之间的关系，通过阻尼最小二乘法反演方法反演每个单元格内各层Q_β，得到每个“单元柱”的Q_β三维结构．再把所有的“单元柱”连起来，得到研究区域的Q_β横向、纵向变化三维模型。
(4)研究结果显示，在频率域内，面波衰减系数分布与群速度分布具有一定的相关性。在不同周期，面波衰减系数或品质因子在整个中国大陆区域分布是不均匀的；总体表现为高
群速度分布的区域呈现高丛和低衰减系数、低群速度分布的区域呈现低丛和高衰减系数分
布的特点。通过对整个研究区域的op”维的反演计算与成像，为了解中国大陆地球内部粘弹
性结构提供了依据。结果显示研究区域的日横向、纵向变化非常显著，软流圈结构能够明显
区分出来，各个大构造单元的Q结构呈现出显著的变化。这为解释中国大陆区域地球内部介
质性质和探讨地球动力学提供丰富的信息。
Two of the most predominant characteristics of Surface Wave are Dispersion and Attenuation which are the effective tools to study the velocity structure and viscidity structure of the earth interior. By using the Attenuation property of the Rayleigh Surface Wave to invert the quality factor of crust and upper mantle, this paper yields the S-Wave quality factor 3D structure of Crust and Upper Mantle of China, and the viscidity structure of this area as well. This is of very important significance to understand the material property and geodynamic of corresponding area,, The surface wave attenuation mechanism and the inversion algorithm of attenuation and S-wave quality factor are discussed systemically in this paper. Some important fruits and understanding are resulted from the the Crust and Upper mantle Tomography of China.
(1) Calculating of the Rayleigh Surface wave attenuation factor y. In the first step. 2861 surface wave recordings with seismic magnitude over 5.0 are selected under the criteria of Good-Wave and "Intact Recording", calculating the big-circle paths, and then about 284 two-station pairs of which two stations are along the same big-circle are chosen, among them there are about 260 pairs with difference of forward azimuth angle less than 5?. after further optimizing, 223 pairs which perfectly cover the China area are used in the final calculation. After doing the modifying of machine in calculating the real amplitude and frequency-time analysis to all selected records, the group velocity was calculated for each seismograms. Further using the phase-match for each seismograms , the fundamental-mode surface wave was separated. Using the two-station methods, the fundamental-mode interstation attenuation coefficients y was calculated . in order to avoiding the negative attenuation coefficients y. the frequence-domain Winner filter was used.
(2) Calculating the Gridded Rayleigh wave attenuation factor y and Group Velocity. The LSQR algorithm is used to inverse the attenuation factor and group velocity under 4? X4?gridding and 2? X2?gridding, and4? X4?gridding attenuation and 2? X2?gridding group velocity are calculated respectively, based on the attenuation and velocity, the distribuation of Rayleigh wave quality factor QR are yielded finally.
(3)Building the S-Wave quality factor Og3D structure of the Continental Crust and
Upper Mantle of China area. The initial model (VS,VP,QB,p)based on previous work of this research group is adopted, and by terms of the relationship between the attenuation factor and S-Wave quality factor, the stochastic least square is conducted to inverse the O>> of ail layers under every grid, i.e. the QB structure of every uiut-column . and finally the transverse and vertical structure of research area can be easily generated.
(4) The correlation property between the distribution of attenuation factor and that of the group velocity is indicated, in this study. Generally speaking, the high group velocity and low attenuation factor and high QR in the same area , but relatively low group velocity and high attenuation factor and low QR in the same area in China is the general distribution. The transverse and vertical variation of QB are very clear in the 3D calculation in the whole area, and the asthenosphere and some big structure arae is also showed very clearly. This study provides plentiful information for the interpretation of the material property and geodynamic of earth interior of China area, and also help to understand the interior viscidity structure of China area
引文
安昌强、宋仲和、陈国英等，中国西北地区剪切波三维速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．28，No．3，1993。
安艺敬一 P. G. 理查兹，定量地震学理论和方法(第一、二卷)，地震出版社，1986
曹俊兴，非均匀介质电磁成象，四川科学技术出版社，2000．
曹小林，中国大陆及邻区地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构面波波形反演，博士论文，成都理工学院，2000
陈国英、宋仲和，利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性，地球物理学报，Vol．33，No．4，417—423，1990。
陈培善，地震波衰减研究在我国的进展，地球物理学报，Vol．37，Supp．1，1994．
陈学庭，大震前后尾波Q值变化的又一震例，地震研究，Vol．17．No．4，1994．
丁韫玉、狄秀玲、薛广盈等，渭河断陷地带三维S波速度结构和Vp／Vs分布图像，地球物理学报，Vol．43，No．2，2000．
方剑、许厚泽等，中国及邻区岩石层密度三维结构，地球物理学进展，Vol．14，No．2，1999．
冯锐、何正勤等，青藏高原东部地区的面波Q值，地球物理学报，Vol．23，No．3，1980．
冯锐、周海南等，青藏高原的地壳Q结构，地球物理学报，Vol．28，Supp．1，1985．
付昌洪、朱传镇等，北京及其邻区Q值分布特征的研究，西北地震学报。
傅淑芳、徐大方，地幔瑞利面波的频散和衰减，地球物理学报，Vol．28，No．2，198—207，1985。
丁志峰、何正勤、孙为国 孙宏川等，青藏高原东部及其边缘地区的地壳上地幔三维速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．42．No．2．1999．
冯德益，地震波理论与应用，地震出版社，北京，1988。
傅淑芳、朱仁益，高等地震学，地震出版社，1997
傅淑芳、刘宝诚、李文艺，地震学教程(上、下)，地震出版社，1980．
高原、郑斯华、孙勇等，唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性，地震学报，Vol．17．No．3，1995．
何樵登，地震勘探原理和方法，地质出版社，1985．
何正勤、叶太兰、孙为国等，中朝准地台东部的地壳上地幔Q_B结构，地震学报，vol．18，No．1，1996．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，双台法长周期面波Q值计算若干问题讨论，中国地震学会第八次学术大会论文集，中国地震学会，2000．10
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，三维地球结构数据与图象管理系统，中国地球物理学会年刊，2000．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，中国及邻区地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维结构，中国地球物理学会年刊，2001．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，用面波反演地壳上地幔Q_B的计算方法，中国地球物理学会年刊，2001．
胡家富、段永康等，利用基阶面波反演地壳上地幔的Q_B结构，地震研究，Vol．23，No．3，2000．
胡家富、段永康、吴小平等，利用Rayleigh波反演土层剪切波速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．42．No．3，1999．
胡家富、苏有锦等，用面波估计浅土层的品质因子，地震学报，Vol．21，No．4，1999．
黄晓葛、白武明等，地震波各向异性的研究进展，地球物理学进展，Vol．14，No．3，1999．
李白基、师洁珊、宋子安等，1977，地震面波频散的数字计算，地球物理学报，20 (4)。
李光品、徐果明、高尔根 徐扬等，中国东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维层析成像，地震学报，Vol．22．No．1，2000．
李平，中国东北及邻区地球内部结构的面波层析成像，博士学位论文，中国科学院测量地球物理研究所，1999。
刘建华、刘福田等，单台Lg尾波Q~c_(Lg)的测量研究，地球物理学报，Vol．42，No．3，1999．
刘欣然、滨兴 胡铭曾等，Web上的计算与协作环境，计算机研究与发展，Vol．36．Suppl 1999．
刘伊克、常旭等，地震层析成像反演中解的定量评价及其应用，地球物理学报，Vol．43．No．2，2000．
刘志、张先康、段永红等，泰安—忻州剖面S波分裂计算及介质各向异性与深部构造相关性探讨，地球物理学进展，Vol．15，No．3，2000．
裴江云、何樵登等，基于Kjartansson模型的反Q滤波，地球物理学进展，1994。
石耀霖、金文等，面波频散反演地球内部构造的遗传算法，地球物理学报，Vol．38，No．2，1995．
宋仲和、陈国英、安昌强等，中国大陆及其邻海域瑞利面波群速度分布特征，地震学报，15 (1)，1993a．
孙克忠、腾吉文等，西藏高原地区的长周期地震面波与Q值的研究，地球物理学报，Vol．28，1985．
孙克忠、熊绍柏等，闽南云霄—安溪地区的浅层Q分布，地球物理学报，Vol．34．No．5，1991．
孙其政、徐宗和等，世界数字地震台网，地震出版社，1987
汤永安，华北平原南部地区深部地球物理，海洋出版社，78-99。
唐清飚等，UNIX平台下C语言高级编程指南，宇航出版社，2000。
王文萍、王庆良等，利用遗传算法和最小二乘联合反演共和地震位错参数，地震学报，Vol．21，No．3，1998．
王杉、许昭永、胡毅力等，岩石破裂孕育过程中的几中Q值变化，地震学报，Vol．18．No．4 1996．
吴建平、曾融生等，青藏高原Q值结构反演，地震学报，Vol．18．No．2，1996．
吴建平，宽频带数字地震波形反演与中国大陆地壳上地幔速度结构的研究，博士学位论文，1997．
徐果明、李跃、李光品、黄志斌等，关于区域性的地震面波层析反演方法的讨论，地球物理学进展，Vol．9，1994．
徐果明、周惠兰，地震学原理，科学出版社，1982
徐士良，Fortran常用算法程序集，清华大学出版社，1991．
许昭永、段永康、王杉等，多种岩石的Qp、Qs、Qc，地震研究，Vol．19，NO．2，1996．
杨文采，地球物理反演的理论与方法，地质出版社，1997
阎晓蔚、刘建华，张北地震余震Lg尾波Q的初步研究，地球物理学进展，Vol．16，No1，2001．
姚立珣、虞雪君等，民乐盆地及其周围地区的Q值研究，地震学报，Vol．15，No．3，1993．
叶林、李伟、施行觉，波形反演法测量Q值的实验室研究，地球物理学进展，Vol．16，No1，2001．
袁学诚主编，中国地球物理图集，地质出版社，1996。
赵卫明、杨明芝、金延龙等，宁夏中北部区域尾波Q值特性研究，地震学报，Vol．22，No．3，2000．
张立敏、姚振兴等，西藏高原拉萨附近介质的品质因子，地球物理学报，Vol．22．No．3，1979．
张雪梅，中国南海及邻区地壳上地幔面波层析成象，硕士论文，成都理工学院，1999
郑斯华、高原等，中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性，地震学报，Vol．16，No．2，1994．
张中杰、腾吉文、贺振华等，EDA介质中地震波速度、衰减与品质因子方位异性研究，中国科学，1999．12。
周兵，地震面波频散的层析成象：青藏高原及邻区的三维S波速度结构(硕士论文)，成都理工学院，1989。
周兵、朱介寿、秦建业，青藏高原及邻近区域的S波三维速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．34，
周惠兰，地球内部物理学，地震出版社，1990．
朱介寿等，地震学中的计算方法，地震出版社，1988．
朱介寿等，地球物理层析成象技术，成都理工学院，1997．
朱碚定、梁尚鸿、李白基等，用瑞利波研究新疆塔里木盆地地壳分层结构及Q_R值，地球物理学报，Vol．25．NO．4，1982．
朱介寿，全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展，地球科学进展，421—431，11，5，1996。
朱介寿，全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展，地球科学进展，Vol．11，421—431，1996。
朱介寿、曹家敏、周兵，中国及邻近区域地球三维结构初始模型的建立及其意义，地球物理学报，Vol．40，No．5，1997。
朱介寿、曹家敏、李显贵等，中国及邻区地球三维结构初始模型的建立，地球物理学报，Vol．40，No．5，627—648，1997。Adam M. Dziewonski and Joseph M.Steim, Dispersion and attenuation of mantie Waves through waveform inversion. Geophys.J.R. astr.Soc.503-527. 1982.
Albert Tarantola and Bernard Valette, Generalized Nonlinear Inverse Problems Solved Using The Least Squares Criterion. Reviews of Geophysics and space physics,219-232. 1982.
Andson, D. L., Ben-Menabem A., Archambeau C. B. Atenuation of seismic energy in up mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 70,1441-1448. 1965.
Anderson, D. L,Ari Ben-Menahem, and C. B. Archambeau. Attenuation of Seismic Energy in the Upper Mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research,70. 1965.
Andson,R. N., Heat flow in the Mariana marginal basin. J. Geophys. Res.,80,4043-4048. 1975.
Arthur J. Rodgers and Susan Y. Schwartz, Lithospheric structure of the Qiang Tan terrane,northern Tibetan Platen,from complete regional waveform Modeling:Evidemce for partial melt. Journal of Geophysical researcA. 7131-7152. 1998.
Badri, M. and H.M.Moony, Q measurements from compressional seismeic waves in unconsolidated sediments. Geophys.,52,722-784. 1987.
Bhattacharyya, J., P., G. Masters and P.M. Shearer, Global lateral variations of shear wave attenuation in the upper mantle,J. Geophys. Res., 101,22,273-22,289,1996.
Buland, R. and F. Gilbert (1978) Improved resolution of complex eigenfrequencies in
analytically continued seismic spectra, Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 52,457-470,1978
Burton, P. W, Estimations of Qr-1 from Seismic Rayleigh Waves.Geophys. J.R astr.Soc. 36,167-189． 1974．
Canas , J.A., and B. J.Mitchell, Lateral variation of surface-wave anelastic attenuation across the Pacific . Bull Seism. Soc. Am., 68,1637-1650． 1978,
Cara, M., Filtering of the dispersed wavetrains, Geophys. J.R. Astr. soc. 33,65-80． 1973．
Chan, W. W. and Z. A. Der, Attenuation of multiple ScS in various parts of the world. Geophys. J., 92,303-314,1988
Cheng, C.C. and Mitchell, Crustal Q in the United States from multimode surface waves. Bull Seism. Soc. Am. 71,161-181． 1981．
Cheng, C. and B.J. Mitchell, Crustal Q structure in the United States from multi-mode surface waves, Bull. Seismol Soc. Amer., 71,161-181,1981．
Chiung-Chuan Cheng and Brian J.Mitchell, Crustal Q structure in the United States from Multi-mode surface waves .Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 161-181． 1981．
Claerbout. J.F., Earth Soundings Analysis Processing Versus Inversion. Boston Blackwell Scientific Publications,l992．
D. L 安得森, 地球的理论, 地质出版社,1993．
Deschamps, A., Inversion of the attenuation data of free oscillations of the earth (fundamental and first higher modes), Geophy. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 50, 699-722,1977．
Dogan Seber and Brian J.Mitchell, Attenuation of surface waves across the Arabian Peninsula. Tectonophysics, 204,137-150． 1992．
Doornbos, D. J. and J. C. Mondt, P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the nmantle, Geophys. J. R. astron. Soc., 57,381-395,1919．
Durek, J, J. and GEkstrom, A radial mondel of anelasticity consistent with long-period surface-wave attenuation, Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., 86,144-158, 1996．
Durek, J, J. , M. H. Ritzwoller and J. H. Woodhouse, Constraining upper mantle anelasticity using surface wave amplitudes, Geophys. J. Int, 114,249-272,1993．
Dziewonski, A. M. and D. L. Anderson Preliminary Reference Earth Model. Phys. Earth Planet Int., 25,297-356． 1981．
Dziewonski, A. M. and J. Steim, Dispersion and attenuation of mantle waves from
waveform inversion, Geophys. J. R. astr.Soc., 70,503-527,1982．
Dziewonski, A., S., Bloch, and M. Landisan, A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. ,59,427-444． 1969．
Erich GRoth and Douglas A.Wiens, Leroy M. Dorman, John Hildebrand,and Spahr C.Webb, Seismic attenuation tomograpy of the Tonga-Fijiregion using phase pair methods Journal of Geophysical Research. 4795-4809． 1999．
Eugene Herrin and Tom Goforth, Phase-matched filters: Application to the study of Rayleigh Waves. Bull. Seism.Soc. Am,1259-1275． 1977．
Flanaghan, M. P. and D. A. Wiens, Attenuation structure beneath the Lau back-arc spreading center from teleseismic S phases , Geophys. Res. Lett., 77,2117-2120, 1990．
Flanaghan, M. P. and D. A. Wiens, Radial upper mantle structure of inactive back-arc basin from differential shear wave measurements, J. Geophys. Res.,99, 15,469-15,485,1994．
Forsyth, D. A. , The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle .Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc.,43,103-162． 1975．
Geller, R. J. and S. Stein, Time domain measurements of attenuation of fundamental modes (oS6-oS28) fpr the 1977 Indonesian Earthquake, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am., 69,1671-1691,1978．
Giardini, D., X. D. Li and J. H. Woodhouse, Spllitting functions of long period normal modes of the earth, J.Geophys. Res., 93, 13,716-13,742,1988．
Geuy-kuen Yu,Moon-Tsu Tsai and Ruey-Der Hwang, Velocity Dispersion and Attenuation of Rayleigh waves across the Philippine Sea. TAO,vol,No.2,515-524,June 2000．
Haydar J.AI-Shukri and B.J.Mitchell, Three-dimensional attenuation structure in and around the new madrid seismic zone. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 615-632． 1990．
Hwang, H.. J, and B.J. Mitchell, Interstation surface wave analysis by frequency Dcmain wiener deconvolution and modal isolation. Bull. Seism.Soc. Am, 847-864． 1986．
Hwang, H. J, and Brian J.Mitchell, Shear velocities.Q(?). and the frequency dependence Of Q(?) in stable and tectonically active regions from surface wave observations.Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc. 90,575-613． 1987．
Howard J. Patton and Steven R. Taylor, Q Structure of the Basin and Range From Surface Waves. Journal of Geophysical research,89,6929-6940． 1984．
Joan L. Latchman,William B.Ambeh, Lloyd L.Lynch, Attenuation of seismic waves in the Trinidad and Tobago area. Tectonophysics. 253,111-127． 1996．
Jobert, N. and G Roult, Periods and damping of free oscillations observed in France after sixteen earthquakes, Geophys. J. Ray. Astron. Soc.,45, 155-176,1976．
J.xie and B J.Mitchell, A black-projection method for imaging large-scale lateral variations Of Lg coda Q with application to continental Africa. Geophys. J.Int. 100,161-181． 1990．
Knopoff ,L., Observation and inversion of surface wave dispersion, Tectonophys., pp497-519, vol.13,1972．
Kijko,A., and B.J.Mitchell, Multimode Rayleigh wave attenuation and Q in the crust of the Barents shelf. J.Geophys.Res.,88,3315-3328． 1983．
Lay, T. and T. C.Wallace, Multiple ScS travel times and attenuation beneath Mexico and central America, Geophys. Res. Lett, 70,301-304,1983．
Lay, T. and T. Wallace, Multiple ScS attenuation and travel times beneath western north America, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am., 70, 2041-2061,1988．
Leif Wennerberg, Multiple-scattering interpretations of Coda-Q Measurements . Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.279-290． 1993．
M. 巴特,地震学的数学问题,科学出版社, 1976．
MacBeth,C.D, and Paul W. Burton, Single-station attenuation measurements of highfrequency Rayleigh waves in Scotland.Geophys. J.R.astr.Soc. 89, 757-797． 1993．
Martine Bussy and Jean-paul Montagner, Tomographic study of upper mantle Attenuation in the pacific ocean.Geophysical research letter.663-666． 1993．
Mitchell, B.J., Surface-wave attenuation and crustal anelasticity in central North America. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.,63,1057-1071． 1973．
Mitchell,. B.J., Regionl Rayleigh Wave Attenuation in North America. J.Geophys. Res., 81,4904-4916 .1975．
Mitchel, B.J.,L.W.B. Leite,G.K.Yu,and R.B.Herrmann, Attenuation of Love and Rayleigh Waves across the Pacific at periods between 15 and 110 seconds. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,66,1189-1202． 1997．
Mitchel, B. J., Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation, Reviews of Geophysics, 33,4/november,441-462． 1995．
Mitchell, B. J. Regional Rayleigh Wave Attenuation in North America, Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 80,No. 35． 1975．
Mitchell, B. J.YuPan, Jiakang Xie, and Lianli Cong, Lg coda Q variation across Eurasia And its relation to crustal evolution, Journal of Geophysical Research. 22,767-22,779． 1997
Mitchell, B. J. Surface-wave attenuation and crustal anelasticity in central North America. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 1057-1071． 1973．
Mitchell, B. J. Regional variation and frequency dependence of Q(?) in the crust of United States. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 1531-1538． 1981．
Mitchell, B. J.and D. V. Hart, Shear velocities at the base of the mantle from observations of S and ScS, J. Geophys. Res., 79,6009-6020,1973．
Montagner, J. P. and B. L. N. Kennett, How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference earth models, Geophys. J. Int., 725,229-248,1966． 3Nakanishi, I., Attenuation of multiple ScS waves beneath the Japanese Arc. Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 79,337-347,1979a.
Nazieh K. Yacoub and Brian J.Mitchell, Attenuation of Rayleigh-wave amplitudes across Eurasia. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am, 751-769． 1977．
Rachel E. Abercrombie, Crustal attenuation and site effects at Parkfied, California-Journal of Geophysical Research,6277-6286． 2000．
Revenaugh, J. and T. H. Jordan, A study of mantle layering beneath the Western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 94,5767-5813,1989．
Revenaugh, J. and T. H. Jordan, Mantle layering from ScS reverberations: 1． Waveform inversion of zeroth-order reverberation, J.Geophys Res.,96,19,749-19,762,1991．
Romanowicz, B., Multiplet-Multiplet coupling due to lateral heterogeneity: asymptotic effects on the amplitude and fgrequency of the Earths normal modes, Geophys. J. R astron. Soc., 90,75-100,1987．
Romanowicz, B, The upper mantle degree 2: Constraints and inferences from Global mantle wave attenuation measurements. Journal of Geophysical Reasearch,11, 051-11,071． 1990．
Romanowicz, B., Anelastic tomography: a new perspective on upper-mantle thermal struture, Earth. Pianet. Sci. Lett., 128,113-121,1994a.
Romanowicz, B, On the measurement of anelastic attenuation King Amplitudes of low-
frequency surface waves. Physics of the earth and Planetary Interiors.179-191． 1994．
Romanowicz, B, A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper Mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research,l2,375-l2,394． 1995．
Romanowicz, B. and G Roult, First-order asymptotics for the eigenfrequencies of the Earth and aoolication to the retrieval of large-scale lateral variations of structure, Geophys. J. Rastr. Soc., 57,209-239,1986．
Roult, G, Attenuation of seismic waves at very low frequencies, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 10,159-166,1975．
Russell, D.R., R. B. Herrmann, and H. J. Hwang. Application of frequency variable filters to surface wave amplitude analysis. Bull. Seism.Soc.Am.,78,339-354,1988．
Sailor, R. V. and A. M. Dziewonski, Measurements and interpretation of normal mode attenuation, Geophys. J. R Astron. Soc., 53,559-581,1978．
Saul A.Tewkolsky,WilliamT.v Vetterling and Brain P.FIanneryrNumerical Recipes in C,The Art of scientific computing.Second edition William H.press.
Singh, D.D, Q-Structure beneath the north and central Indian Ocean from the inversion of Observed Love and Rayleigh wave attenuation data.Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam,59,243-258． 1990．
Singh ,D.D ,and Harsh K.Gupta, Source Mechanism And Surface-Wave Attenuation Studies For Tibet Earthquake Of July 14,1973, Bull Seism. Soc. Am, 69,737-750． 1979．
Sipkin, S. and T. H. Jordan, Regional variation of QScS, Bull Seismol. Soc. Ant. 70． 1071-1102,1980．
Sipkin, S. A. and J. Revenaugh, Regional variation of attenuation and travel time in China from analysis of multiple ScS phases, J. Geophys. Res., 99,2687-2699,1994．
Smith. M. F. and G Masters, Aspherical structure constraints from free oscillation frequency and attenuation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 94,1953-1976,1989．
Steven R. Taylor and M.Nafi Toksoz, Measurement of interstation phase and group Velocities and Q using wiener filtering. Bull.Seism. Soc.Am,73-91,1982．
Tang, X M. A waveform inversion technique for measuring elastic wave attenuation in cylindrical bars . [J]. Geophysics, 57,854-859． 1992．
Tang, X M. A waveform inversion of seismic velocities and attenuation from low-frequency wave in cylindrical bars. 58,1525-1531． 1993．
Toksoz, M N. and Johnston D H., Timeur , Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturate rocks ,1． Laboratory measurements. Geophysics, 44． 681-690． 1979．
Widmer, R. G. Masters, F. Gilbert, Spherically symmetric attenuation within the Earth from normal mode data, Geophys. J. Int., 704,541-553,1991．
William C.Hammond and Eugene D.Humphreys, Upper mantle seismic wave attenuation :Effects of realistic partial melt distribution. Journal of Geophysical research. 70,987-10,999． 2000．
Woodhouse, J. H. and Y. Wong, Amplitude, phase and path anomalies of mantle waves. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 87,7534-773,1986．
Wook Bae Lee and Sean C.Solomon, Inversion Schemes for Surface Wave Attenuation And Q in the Crust and the Mantle. Geophys.J. R. astr. Soc.43,47-71． 1975．
W.Rabbel, S.Siegesmund, T.Weiss, M. Pohl, T. Bohlen. Shear wave anisotropy of laminated I Lower crust beneath Urach(Sw Germany):a comparison with xenoliths and with exposed Lower crustal sections. Tectonophysics 298, 337-356． 1998．
Yi-Ben Tsai and Keiiti Aki, Simultaneous Determination of The seismic moment And attenuation of seismic surface waves. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.275-287． 1969．
Yacob, N. K., and B. J. Mitchell, Attenuation of Rayleigh-wave amplitudes across Eurasisa. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.,67,751-769． 1977．
Yorck-Fabian Temme,Michael Weber,Charles W. Wicks Jr. Absorption of P-and S-waves above subduction zones. Geophysical research Ietters,1327-1330． 2000．
Xie, J. and B. J. Mitchell, A back projection method for imaging large-scale lateral variations of Lg coda Q with application to continental Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 700,161-181,1990a.
Xie, J. and B. J. Mitchell, attenuation of multiphase surface waves in the Basin and Ranger province, I, Lg and Lg coda, Geophys. J. Int., 702,121-137,1990b.
安艺敬一 P. G. 理查兹，定量地震学理论和方法(第一、二卷)，地震出版社，1986
曹俊兴，非均匀介质电磁成象，四川科学技术出版社，2000．
曹小林，中国大陆及邻区地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构面波波形反演，博士论文，成都理工学院，2000
陈国英、宋仲和，利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性，地球物理学报，Vol．33，No．4，417—423，1990。
陈培善，地震波衰减研究在我国的进展，地球物理学报，Vol．37，Supp．1，1994．
陈学庭，大震前后尾波Q值变化的又一震例，地震研究，Vol．17．No．4，1994．
丁韫玉、狄秀玲、薛广盈等，渭河断陷地带三维S波速度结构和Vp／Vs分布图像，地球物理学报，Vol．43，No．2，2000．
方剑、许厚泽等，中国及邻区岩石层密度三维结构，地球物理学进展，Vol．14，No．2，1999．
冯锐、何正勤等，青藏高原东部地区的面波Q值，地球物理学报，Vol．23，No．3，1980．
冯锐、周海南等，青藏高原的地壳Q结构，地球物理学报，Vol．28，Supp．1，1985．
付昌洪、朱传镇等，北京及其邻区Q值分布特征的研究，西北地震学报。
傅淑芳、徐大方，地幔瑞利面波的频散和衰减，地球物理学报，Vol．28，No．2，198—207，1985。
丁志峰、何正勤、孙为国 孙宏川等，青藏高原东部及其边缘地区的地壳上地幔三维速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．42．No．2．1999．
冯德益，地震波理论与应用，地震出版社，北京，1988。
傅淑芳、朱仁益，高等地震学，地震出版社，1997
傅淑芳、刘宝诚、李文艺，地震学教程(上、下)，地震出版社，1980．
高原、郑斯华、孙勇等，唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性，地震学报，Vol．17．No．3，1995．
何樵登，地震勘探原理和方法，地质出版社，1985．
何正勤、叶太兰、孙为国等，中朝准地台东部的地壳上地幔Q_B结构，地震学报，vol．18，No．1，1996．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，双台法长周期面波Q值计算若干问题讨论，中国地震学会第八次学术大会论文集，中国地震学会，2000．10
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，三维地球结构数据与图象管理系统，中国地球物理学会年刊，2000．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，中国及邻区地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维结构，中国地球物理学会年刊，2001．
洪学海、朱介寿、曹家敏，用面波反演地壳上地幔Q_B的计算方法，中国地球物理学会年刊，2001．
胡家富、段永康等，利用基阶面波反演地壳上地幔的Q_B结构，地震研究，Vol．23，No．3，2000．
胡家富、段永康、吴小平等，利用Rayleigh波反演土层剪切波速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．42．No．3，1999．
胡家富、苏有锦等，用面波估计浅土层的品质因子，地震学报，Vol．21，No．4，1999．
黄晓葛、白武明等，地震波各向异性的研究进展，地球物理学进展，Vol．14，No．3，1999．
李白基、师洁珊、宋子安等，1977，地震面波频散的数字计算，地球物理学报，20 (4)。
李光品、徐果明、高尔根 徐扬等，中国东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维层析成像，地震学报，Vol．22．No．1，2000．
李平，中国东北及邻区地球内部结构的面波层析成像，博士学位论文，中国科学院测量地球物理研究所，1999。
刘建华、刘福田等，单台Lg尾波Q~c_(Lg)的测量研究，地球物理学报，Vol．42，No．3，1999．
刘欣然、滨兴 胡铭曾等，Web上的计算与协作环境，计算机研究与发展，Vol．36．Suppl 1999．
刘伊克、常旭等，地震层析成像反演中解的定量评价及其应用，地球物理学报，Vol．43．No．2，2000．
刘志、张先康、段永红等，泰安—忻州剖面S波分裂计算及介质各向异性与深部构造相关性探讨，地球物理学进展，Vol．15，No．3，2000．
裴江云、何樵登等，基于Kjartansson模型的反Q滤波，地球物理学进展，1994。
石耀霖、金文等，面波频散反演地球内部构造的遗传算法，地球物理学报，Vol．38，No．2，1995．
宋仲和、陈国英、安昌强等，中国大陆及其邻海域瑞利面波群速度分布特征，地震学报，15 (1)，1993a．
孙克忠、腾吉文等，西藏高原地区的长周期地震面波与Q值的研究，地球物理学报，Vol．28，1985．
孙克忠、熊绍柏等，闽南云霄—安溪地区的浅层Q分布，地球物理学报，Vol．34．No．5，1991．
孙其政、徐宗和等，世界数字地震台网，地震出版社，1987
汤永安，华北平原南部地区深部地球物理，海洋出版社，78-99。
唐清飚等，UNIX平台下C语言高级编程指南，宇航出版社，2000。
王文萍、王庆良等，利用遗传算法和最小二乘联合反演共和地震位错参数，地震学报，Vol．21，No．3，1998．
王杉、许昭永、胡毅力等，岩石破裂孕育过程中的几中Q值变化，地震学报，Vol．18．No．4 1996．
吴建平、曾融生等，青藏高原Q值结构反演，地震学报，Vol．18．No．2，1996．
吴建平，宽频带数字地震波形反演与中国大陆地壳上地幔速度结构的研究，博士学位论文，1997．
徐果明、李跃、李光品、黄志斌等，关于区域性的地震面波层析反演方法的讨论，地球物理学进展，Vol．9，1994．
徐果明、周惠兰，地震学原理，科学出版社，1982
徐士良，Fortran常用算法程序集，清华大学出版社，1991．
许昭永、段永康、王杉等，多种岩石的Qp、Qs、Qc，地震研究，Vol．19，NO．2，1996．
杨文采，地球物理反演的理论与方法，地质出版社，1997
阎晓蔚、刘建华，张北地震余震Lg尾波Q的初步研究，地球物理学进展，Vol．16，No1，2001．
姚立珣、虞雪君等，民乐盆地及其周围地区的Q值研究，地震学报，Vol．15，No．3，1993．
叶林、李伟、施行觉，波形反演法测量Q值的实验室研究，地球物理学进展，Vol．16，No1，2001．
袁学诚主编，中国地球物理图集，地质出版社，1996。
赵卫明、杨明芝、金延龙等，宁夏中北部区域尾波Q值特性研究，地震学报，Vol．22，No．3，2000．
张立敏、姚振兴等，西藏高原拉萨附近介质的品质因子，地球物理学报，Vol．22．No．3，1979．
张雪梅，中国南海及邻区地壳上地幔面波层析成象，硕士论文，成都理工学院，1999
郑斯华、高原等，中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性，地震学报，Vol．16，No．2，1994．
张中杰、腾吉文、贺振华等，EDA介质中地震波速度、衰减与品质因子方位异性研究，中国科学，1999．12。
周兵，地震面波频散的层析成象：青藏高原及邻区的三维S波速度结构(硕士论文)，成都理工学院，1989。
周兵、朱介寿、秦建业，青藏高原及邻近区域的S波三维速度结构，地球物理学报，Vol．34，
周惠兰，地球内部物理学，地震出版社，1990．
朱介寿等，地震学中的计算方法，地震出版社，1988．
朱介寿等，地球物理层析成象技术，成都理工学院，1997．
朱碚定、梁尚鸿、李白基等，用瑞利波研究新疆塔里木盆地地壳分层结构及Q_R值，地球物理学报，Vol．25．NO．4，1982．
朱介寿，全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展，地球科学进展，421—431，11，5，1996。
朱介寿，全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展，地球科学进展，Vol．11，421—431，1996。
朱介寿、曹家敏、周兵，中国及邻近区域地球三维结构初始模型的建立及其意义，地球物理学报，Vol．40，No．5，1997。
朱介寿、曹家敏、李显贵等，中国及邻区地球三维结构初始模型的建立，地球物理学报，Vol．40，No．5，627—648，1997。Adam M. Dziewonski and Joseph M.Steim, Dispersion and attenuation of mantie Waves through waveform inversion. Geophys.J.R. astr.Soc.503-527. 1982.
Albert Tarantola and Bernard Valette, Generalized Nonlinear Inverse Problems Solved Using The Least Squares Criterion. Reviews of Geophysics and space physics,219-232. 1982.
Andson, D. L., Ben-Menabem A., Archambeau C. B. Atenuation of seismic energy in up mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 70,1441-1448. 1965.
Anderson, D. L,Ari Ben-Menahem, and C. B. Archambeau. Attenuation of Seismic Energy in the Upper Mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research,70. 1965.
Andson,R. N., Heat flow in the Mariana marginal basin. J. Geophys. Res.,80,4043-4048. 1975.
Arthur J. Rodgers and Susan Y. Schwartz, Lithospheric structure of the Qiang Tan terrane,northern Tibetan Platen,from complete regional waveform Modeling:Evidemce for partial melt. Journal of Geophysical researcA. 7131-7152. 1998.
Badri, M. and H.M.Moony, Q measurements from compressional seismeic waves in unconsolidated sediments. Geophys.,52,722-784. 1987.
Bhattacharyya, J., P., G. Masters and P.M. Shearer, Global lateral variations of shear wave attenuation in the upper mantle,J. Geophys. Res., 101,22,273-22,289,1996.
Buland, R. and F. Gilbert (1978) Improved resolution of complex eigenfrequencies in
analytically continued seismic spectra, Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 52,457-470,1978
Burton, P. W, Estimations of Qr-1 from Seismic Rayleigh Waves.Geophys. J.R astr.Soc. 36,167-189． 1974．
Canas , J.A., and B. J.Mitchell, Lateral variation of surface-wave anelastic attenuation across the Pacific . Bull Seism. Soc. Am., 68,1637-1650． 1978,
Cara, M., Filtering of the dispersed wavetrains, Geophys. J.R. Astr. soc. 33,65-80． 1973．
Chan, W. W. and Z. A. Der, Attenuation of multiple ScS in various parts of the world. Geophys. J., 92,303-314,1988
Cheng, C.C. and Mitchell, Crustal Q in the United States from multimode surface waves. Bull Seism. Soc. Am. 71,161-181． 1981．
Cheng, C. and B.J. Mitchell, Crustal Q structure in the United States from multi-mode surface waves, Bull. Seismol Soc. Amer., 71,161-181,1981．
Chiung-Chuan Cheng and Brian J.Mitchell, Crustal Q structure in the United States from Multi-mode surface waves .Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 161-181． 1981．
Claerbout. J.F., Earth Soundings Analysis Processing Versus Inversion. Boston Blackwell Scientific Publications,l992．
D. L 安得森, 地球的理论, 地质出版社,1993．
Deschamps, A., Inversion of the attenuation data of free oscillations of the earth (fundamental and first higher modes), Geophy. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 50, 699-722,1977．
Dogan Seber and Brian J.Mitchell, Attenuation of surface waves across the Arabian Peninsula. Tectonophysics, 204,137-150． 1992．
Doornbos, D. J. and J. C. Mondt, P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the nmantle, Geophys. J. R. astron. Soc., 57,381-395,1919．
Durek, J, J. and GEkstrom, A radial mondel of anelasticity consistent with long-period surface-wave attenuation, Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., 86,144-158, 1996．
Durek, J, J. , M. H. Ritzwoller and J. H. Woodhouse, Constraining upper mantle anelasticity using surface wave amplitudes, Geophys. J. Int, 114,249-272,1993．
Dziewonski, A. M. and D. L. Anderson Preliminary Reference Earth Model. Phys. Earth Planet Int., 25,297-356． 1981．
Dziewonski, A. M. and J. Steim, Dispersion and attenuation of mantle waves from
waveform inversion, Geophys. J. R. astr.Soc., 70,503-527,1982．
Dziewonski, A., S., Bloch, and M. Landisan, A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. ,59,427-444． 1969．
Erich GRoth and Douglas A.Wiens, Leroy M. Dorman, John Hildebrand,and Spahr C.Webb, Seismic attenuation tomograpy of the Tonga-Fijiregion using phase pair methods Journal of Geophysical Research. 4795-4809． 1999．
Eugene Herrin and Tom Goforth, Phase-matched filters: Application to the study of Rayleigh Waves. Bull. Seism.Soc. Am,1259-1275． 1977．
Flanaghan, M. P. and D. A. Wiens, Attenuation structure beneath the Lau back-arc spreading center from teleseismic S phases , Geophys. Res. Lett., 77,2117-2120, 1990．
Flanaghan, M. P. and D. A. Wiens, Radial upper mantle structure of inactive back-arc basin from differential shear wave measurements, J. Geophys. Res.,99, 15,469-15,485,1994．
Forsyth, D. A. , The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle .Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc.,43,103-162． 1975．
Geller, R. J. and S. Stein, Time domain measurements of attenuation of fundamental modes (oS6-oS28) fpr the 1977 Indonesian Earthquake, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am., 69,1671-1691,1978．
Giardini, D., X. D. Li and J. H. Woodhouse, Spllitting functions of long period normal modes of the earth, J.Geophys. Res., 93, 13,716-13,742,1988．
Geuy-kuen Yu,Moon-Tsu Tsai and Ruey-Der Hwang, Velocity Dispersion and Attenuation of Rayleigh waves across the Philippine Sea. TAO,vol,No.2,515-524,June 2000．
Haydar J.AI-Shukri and B.J.Mitchell, Three-dimensional attenuation structure in and around the new madrid seismic zone. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 615-632． 1990．
Hwang, H.. J, and B.J. Mitchell, Interstation surface wave analysis by frequency Dcmain wiener deconvolution and modal isolation. Bull. Seism.Soc. Am, 847-864． 1986．
Hwang, H. J, and Brian J.Mitchell, Shear velocities.Q(?). and the frequency dependence Of Q(?) in stable and tectonically active regions from surface wave observations.Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc. 90,575-613． 1987．
Howard J. Patton and Steven R. Taylor, Q Structure of the Basin and Range From Surface Waves. Journal of Geophysical research,89,6929-6940． 1984．
Joan L. Latchman,William B.Ambeh, Lloyd L.Lynch, Attenuation of seismic waves in the Trinidad and Tobago area. Tectonophysics. 253,111-127． 1996．
Jobert, N. and G Roult, Periods and damping of free oscillations observed in France after sixteen earthquakes, Geophys. J. Ray. Astron. Soc.,45, 155-176,1976．
J.xie and B J.Mitchell, A black-projection method for imaging large-scale lateral variations Of Lg coda Q with application to continental Africa. Geophys. J.Int. 100,161-181． 1990．
Knopoff ,L., Observation and inversion of surface wave dispersion, Tectonophys., pp497-519, vol.13,1972．
Kijko,A., and B.J.Mitchell, Multimode Rayleigh wave attenuation and Q in the crust of the Barents shelf. J.Geophys.Res.,88,3315-3328． 1983．
Lay, T. and T. C.Wallace, Multiple ScS travel times and attenuation beneath Mexico and central America, Geophys. Res. Lett, 70,301-304,1983．
Lay, T. and T. Wallace, Multiple ScS attenuation and travel times beneath western north America, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am., 70, 2041-2061,1988．
Leif Wennerberg, Multiple-scattering interpretations of Coda-Q Measurements . Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.279-290． 1993．
M. 巴特,地震学的数学问题,科学出版社, 1976．
MacBeth,C.D, and Paul W. Burton, Single-station attenuation measurements of highfrequency Rayleigh waves in Scotland.Geophys. J.R.astr.Soc. 89, 757-797． 1993．
Martine Bussy and Jean-paul Montagner, Tomographic study of upper mantle Attenuation in the pacific ocean.Geophysical research letter.663-666． 1993．
Mitchell, B.J., Surface-wave attenuation and crustal anelasticity in central North America. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.,63,1057-1071． 1973．
Mitchell,. B.J., Regionl Rayleigh Wave Attenuation in North America. J.Geophys. Res., 81,4904-4916 .1975．
Mitchel, B.J.,L.W.B. Leite,G.K.Yu,and R.B.Herrmann, Attenuation of Love and Rayleigh Waves across the Pacific at periods between 15 and 110 seconds. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,66,1189-1202． 1997．
Mitchel, B. J., Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation, Reviews of Geophysics, 33,4/november,441-462． 1995．
Mitchell, B. J. Regional Rayleigh Wave Attenuation in North America, Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 80,No. 35． 1975．
Mitchell, B. J.YuPan, Jiakang Xie, and Lianli Cong, Lg coda Q variation across Eurasia And its relation to crustal evolution, Journal of Geophysical Research. 22,767-22,779． 1997
Mitchell, B. J. Surface-wave attenuation and crustal anelasticity in central North America. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 1057-1071． 1973．
Mitchell, B. J. Regional variation and frequency dependence of Q(?) in the crust of United States. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 1531-1538． 1981．
Mitchell, B. J.and D. V. Hart, Shear velocities at the base of the mantle from observations of S and ScS, J. Geophys. Res., 79,6009-6020,1973．
Montagner, J. P. and B. L. N. Kennett, How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference earth models, Geophys. J. Int., 725,229-248,1966． 3Nakanishi, I., Attenuation of multiple ScS waves beneath the Japanese Arc. Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 79,337-347,1979a.
Nazieh K. Yacoub and Brian J.Mitchell, Attenuation of Rayleigh-wave amplitudes across Eurasia. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am, 751-769． 1977．
Rachel E. Abercrombie, Crustal attenuation and site effects at Parkfied, California-Journal of Geophysical Research,6277-6286． 2000．
Revenaugh, J. and T. H. Jordan, A study of mantle layering beneath the Western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 94,5767-5813,1989．
Revenaugh, J. and T. H. Jordan, Mantle layering from ScS reverberations: 1． Waveform inversion of zeroth-order reverberation, J.Geophys Res.,96,19,749-19,762,1991．
Romanowicz, B., Multiplet-Multiplet coupling due to lateral heterogeneity: asymptotic effects on the amplitude and fgrequency of the Earths normal modes, Geophys. J. R astron. Soc., 90,75-100,1987．
Romanowicz, B, The upper mantle degree 2: Constraints and inferences from Global mantle wave attenuation measurements. Journal of Geophysical Reasearch,11, 051-11,071． 1990．
Romanowicz, B., Anelastic tomography: a new perspective on upper-mantle thermal struture, Earth. Pianet. Sci. Lett., 128,113-121,1994a.
Romanowicz, B, On the measurement of anelastic attenuation King Amplitudes of low-
frequency surface waves. Physics of the earth and Planetary Interiors.179-191． 1994．
Romanowicz, B, A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper Mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research,l2,375-l2,394． 1995．
Romanowicz, B. and G Roult, First-order asymptotics for the eigenfrequencies of the Earth and aoolication to the retrieval of large-scale lateral variations of structure, Geophys. J. Rastr. Soc., 57,209-239,1986．
Roult, G, Attenuation of seismic waves at very low frequencies, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 10,159-166,1975．
Russell, D.R., R. B. Herrmann, and H. J. Hwang. Application of frequency variable filters to surface wave amplitude analysis. Bull. Seism.Soc.Am.,78,339-354,1988．
Sailor, R. V. and A. M. Dziewonski, Measurements and interpretation of normal mode attenuation, Geophys. J. R Astron. Soc., 53,559-581,1978．
Saul A.Tewkolsky,WilliamT.v Vetterling and Brain P.FIanneryrNumerical Recipes in C,The Art of scientific computing.Second edition William H.press.
Singh, D.D, Q-Structure beneath the north and central Indian Ocean from the inversion of Observed Love and Rayleigh wave attenuation data.Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam,59,243-258． 1990．
Singh ,D.D ,and Harsh K.Gupta, Source Mechanism And Surface-Wave Attenuation Studies For Tibet Earthquake Of July 14,1973, Bull Seism. Soc. Am, 69,737-750． 1979．
Sipkin, S. and T. H. Jordan, Regional variation of QScS, Bull Seismol. Soc. Ant. 70． 1071-1102,1980．
Sipkin, S. A. and J. Revenaugh, Regional variation of attenuation and travel time in China from analysis of multiple ScS phases, J. Geophys. Res., 99,2687-2699,1994．
Smith. M. F. and G Masters, Aspherical structure constraints from free oscillation frequency and attenuation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 94,1953-1976,1989．
Steven R. Taylor and M.Nafi Toksoz, Measurement of interstation phase and group Velocities and Q using wiener filtering. Bull.Seism. Soc.Am,73-91,1982．
Tang, X M. A waveform inversion technique for measuring elastic wave attenuation in cylindrical bars . [J]. Geophysics, 57,854-859． 1992．
Tang, X M. A waveform inversion of seismic velocities and attenuation from low-frequency wave in cylindrical bars. 58,1525-1531． 1993．
Toksoz, M N. and Johnston D H., Timeur , Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturate rocks ,1． Laboratory measurements. Geophysics, 44． 681-690． 1979．
Widmer, R. G. Masters, F. Gilbert, Spherically symmetric attenuation within the Earth from normal mode data, Geophys. J. Int., 704,541-553,1991．
William C.Hammond and Eugene D.Humphreys, Upper mantle seismic wave attenuation :Effects of realistic partial melt distribution. Journal of Geophysical research. 70,987-10,999． 2000．
Woodhouse, J. H. and Y. Wong, Amplitude, phase and path anomalies of mantle waves. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 87,7534-773,1986．
Wook Bae Lee and Sean C.Solomon, Inversion Schemes for Surface Wave Attenuation And Q in the Crust and the Mantle. Geophys.J. R. astr. Soc.43,47-71． 1975．
W.Rabbel, S.Siegesmund, T.Weiss, M. Pohl, T. Bohlen. Shear wave anisotropy of laminated I Lower crust beneath Urach(Sw Germany):a comparison with xenoliths and with exposed Lower crustal sections. Tectonophysics 298, 337-356． 1998．
Yi-Ben Tsai and Keiiti Aki, Simultaneous Determination of The seismic moment And attenuation of seismic surface waves. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.275-287． 1969．
Yacob, N. K., and B. J. Mitchell, Attenuation of Rayleigh-wave amplitudes across Eurasisa. Bull Seism. Soc. Am.,67,751-769． 1977．
Yorck-Fabian Temme,Michael Weber,Charles W. Wicks Jr. Absorption of P-and S-waves above subduction zones. Geophysical research Ietters,1327-1330． 2000．
Xie, J. and B. J. Mitchell, A back projection method for imaging large-scale lateral variations of Lg coda Q with application to continental Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 700,161-181,1990a.
Xie, J. and B. J. Mitchell, attenuation of multiphase surface waves in the Basin and Ranger province, I, Lg and Lg coda, Geophys. J. Int., 702,121-137,1990b.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |