滇东、黔西晚二叠世煤的沉积学特征及古环境意义
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摘要
论文以中国滇东、黔西地区晚二叠世含煤岩系为对象,运用沉积学、煤岩学、信号处理技术和碳、硫同位素地球化学等方法,从多角度和尺度揭示其沉积学特征和古环境意义。以四级层序为基本层序的高分辨率层序地层学研究将区内上二叠统划分为三个三级复合层序和十六个四级层序,并认为层序格架内的煤层发育受到不同古地理背景下的物源输入速率的影响；研究发现煤层中富含源于火焚事件的惰质组,说明当时的大气氧含量充足且泥炭地中火灾频发；对反映煤层灰分变化的物理测井曲线进行了频谱分析,成功发现其中蕴含的米兰科维奇旋回信息,并认为晚二叠世泥炭地生产力受到大气中较高氧含量的影响；在煤层的有机碳、硫同位素剖面中发现了能和全球同期剖面对比的偏移现象,说明扰乱全球碳、硫循环的机制之间联系密切,且海、陆相生物危机的发生时间不一致。这些认识有力地证明了煤层保存古环境信息的能力,并对研究晚二叠世的古环境以及生物危机事件在陆相的表现有重要意义。
The sedimentological characteristics and palaeo-environmental bearings of the Upper Permian coal measures in sw China are studied employing sedimentology, coal petrology, signal analysis and isotopic geochemistry of carbon and sulfur. High resolution sequence stratigraphic analyses delineate the Upper Permian into three 3rd-order composite sequences and sixteen 4th-order sequences. Inertinite, which is largely the by-product of palaeo-fire, accounts for a significant portion of the coal macerals, suggesting the temporal atmosphere was enriched in O2 and the peatland was suffered from frequent wildfires. Spectral analysis of geophysical loggings, which reflects the ash varations in the coal, reveals that the coal deposition was influenced by Milankovitch cycles. Calculations of NPP and carbon accumulation rate of coal-forming peatland support that the productivity in the peatland was strongly influenced by the high content of the temporal O2. A13Corg andδ34Sorg of Late Permian coals show shifts which are correlative with the phenomenon in global marine and terrestrial sections, suggesting inherent links between mechanisms which perturbed the temporal C and S cycles, and the crisis on land was later than the sea. All these knowledges confirm the feasibility of using coal as a media for palacoenvironmental study, and are of great importance to improve our understanding towards the behavior of terrestrial system in the Late Permian event.
The sedimentological characteristics and palaeo-environmental bearings of the Upper Permian coal measures in sw China are studied employing sedimentology, coal petrology, signal analysis and isotopic geochemistry of carbon and sulfur. High resolution sequence stratigraphic analyses delineate the Upper Permian into three 3rd-order composite sequences and sixteen 4th-order sequences. Inertinite, which is largely the by-product of palaeo-fire, accounts for a significant portion of the coal macerals, suggesting the temporal atmosphere was enriched in O2 and the peatland was suffered from frequent wildfires. Spectral analysis of geophysical loggings, which reflects the ash varations in the coal, reveals that the coal deposition was influenced by Milankovitch cycles. Calculations of NPP and carbon accumulation rate of coal-forming peatland support that the productivity in the peatland was strongly influenced by the high content of the temporal O2. A13Corg andδ34Sorg of Late Permian coals show shifts which are correlative with the phenomenon in global marine and terrestrial sections, suggesting inherent links between mechanisms which perturbed the temporal C and S cycles, and the crisis on land was later than the sea. All these knowledges confirm the feasibility of using coal as a media for palacoenvironmental study, and are of great importance to improve our understanding towards the behavior of terrestrial system in the Late Permian event.
引文
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