子北油田理79井区长6油层组储层特征及油气成藏规律研究
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摘要
本论文以鄂尔多斯盆地子北油田理79井区长6油层组为研究对象,以沉积学、石油地质学、地球化学和测井学理论为指导,在收集大量地质、钻井、测井、试油等资料的基础上,将地质、地球物理、地球化学方法相结合,野外地质调查与室内地质研究相结合,采用多种测试方法及分析手段,对子北油田长6油层组地层、构造、沉积、储层及油藏特征进行了深入研究,在此基础上总结了油气富集规律及控制因素。取得的主要认识与结论如下：
(1)依据“标志层,旋回对比,分级控制”进行地层精细划分与对比,将研究区延长组长6油层组划分为长61、长62和长63三个亚组,依据次级旋回将长61划分为长611、长612、长613,长62划分为长621、长622,进而建立了研究区详细的地层格架。通过各层段顶面构造图的编制与分析,认为本区总体构造格局为一个宽缓的西倾单斜,东高西低,其各期构造具有一定的继承性。
(2)根据岩石类型及其特征、沉积结构和构造、古生物和测井相等相标志,采用相分析的方法,确定了研究区长6油层组为三角洲平原相沉积。在区域沉积背景的基础上,结合地质特征和测井相分析,对该区砂体厚度及砂地比值在平面上的分布规律进行了综合分析,将本区沉积相进一步划分为分流河道、漫滩沼泽两种沉积微相。
(3)从“四性”关系研究出发,以试油结果和岩心地质参数统计结果为依据,建立了本区长6油藏的油水层评价判别标准,给出了孔隙度和原始含油饱和度的解释方程,确定了油层有效厚度下限标准。
(4)本文用多参数流动单元的方法对储层进行表征和综合评价,选用孔隙度、渗透率、流动层带指数、储层质量指数、标准化孔隙度共5个参数采用聚类分析的方法定量地对流动单元进行划分,使不同的流动单元对应不同质量的储层,其划分标准更加合理,因此可以用流动单元来表征和评价储层。这种评价方法不仅充分考虑到了油藏的地质本质,也考虑到了油藏的工程特征,更有利于储层的综合评价和油田的精细开发。
(5)根据研究区薄片、粒度、物性等测试资料研究结果表明,研究区长6油层组储层砂岩主要为细粒长石砂岩。储层砂岩已达晚成岩A期。孔隙类型主要为粒间孔隙,孔喉组合以小孔微细喉型为主。储层属于低孔—特低渗～特低孔—超低渗型储层。储层非均质性强,沉积相是控制储层物性的主要因素。
(6)油水性质等分析测试结果显示,研究区长6油藏原油属低密度、中等粘度、中等凝固点、低含硫量的陆相原油。地层水水型为CaCl2型水,地层水的总矿化度较高,储层砂岩表现为亲水。油层高压物性测试结果显示,圈闭类型为岩性圈闭,属于常温低压系统,驱动类型为弹性-溶解气驱油藏。
(7)通过包裹体测温、盆地热史、伊利石测年等多种方法确定了子北油田中生界长6油藏成藏为早白垩世,特别是应用伊利石测年方法取得了子北油田中生界成藏年代定量性新成果,这是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油藏首次取得的成藏年代定量性新成果,深化了油气成藏年代学研究。
(8)概括总结了长6油藏油气富集的规律：认为长6油藏油气分布主要受三角洲平原分流河道控制,分流河道发育区一般为油气的主要富集区,研究区长4+5河漫滩相的优质区域盖层亦为其油气的储集提供了良好的遮挡与封盖条件。
(9)根据本区发育的油藏类型及其空间分布特点等,结合前人研究结果,总结出本区长6油藏主要有两种成藏模式：区域构造背景下的砂岩透镜体油藏成藏模式和上倾尖灭油藏成藏模式。
Chang-6 member of Li-79 block in ZI-bei Oil Field in Ordos Basin is taken as the study object in this thesis. Under the guidance of theories of sedimentology、petroleum geology、geochemistry and well logging geophysics, on the basis of abundant data from geology、drilling、logging、oil testing, adopting the combination of geology、geophysics、geochemistry and technique methods of academic researeh indoors combined with practice research and investigations in the field, using many testing methods and analytical techniques, Chang-6 member of Li-79 block of ZI-bei Oil Field is deeply studied in strata、structure、sediment、and characteristic of reservoir and oil storage. Based on these methods, the paper discusses the regularity and controlling factors of the distribution and accumulation of oil - gas systerm in the study area. The main understanding and conclusions are as follows:
(1) Acording to "marker layer、cyclic correlation、step control", Chang-6 group is divided into 3 sub- groups,:Chang-61、Chang-62 and Chang-63. Acording to the secondary cyclic correlation, Chang 61 and Chang 62 sub-groups are divided into Chang-611、Chang-612、Chang-619 and Chang-621、Chang-622 respectively, and then the detailed stratigraphic framework of the whole region is builded. The establishment and analysis of top surface structural maps show that the study area is a broad west-dip monocline, and the structure characteristics of each period has a certain continuity.
(2) According to the analysis of facies signs, such as rock types and features, sedimentary structure, fossils, logging facies and other criteria in the study area, the deposition system of Chang-6 member is a delta plain sedimentary system. Based on the sedimentary background of study area, and using the analysis of geology characteristics and logging facies, the distribution pattern of sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage in the plane section are discussed comprehensively, and furtherly Chang-6 deposition system is divided into two sedimentary microfacies:distributary channel and flood plain swamp.
(3) Starting from the four Properties relations study, based on well testing results and statistical results of geological parameters of the core, the recognition criterion of oil and water reservoir is concluded, the interpretation equation on porosity and initial oil saturation is builded, and the low criterion of effective thickness is defined.
(4) The method of multi-parameters clustering eanalysis is adopted for reservoir token and synthetical evaluation in this paper, which makes the criteria more reasonable.The parameters include porosity、permeability、flowing interval exponent、reservoir quality、normalizing porosity. Different flow unit corresponds to different quality reservoir, so flow unit can be used for evaluating and tokening reservoir. This evaluation method not only takes full account of the geological nature of the reservoir, but also takes the characteristics of the reservoir project into consideration,which is more conducive to the synthetical evaluation of reservoir and the meticulous exploitation of oil field.
(5) The research on granularity、flakes、properties.etc show that the sandstone of reservoir in the study area is mainly fine-graded feldspar sandstone and the reservoir sandstone has reached the late diagenesis A period. The type of porosity is mainly intergranular pore, and the composition of pore-throat is the small pore with micro-throat type. In general, the type of reservoir is low porosity-extra-special low permeability-extra low porosity-ultra-low-permeability reservoir. The research on unhomogeneity of reservoir also shows the unhomogenenity is strong. Analyzing the controlling factors to reservoir, sedimentary microfacies is the main factor controlling and affecting the distribution of reservoir in the study area.
(6) The result of analysis on property of oil, water.etc show that the oil of Chang-6 member in the study area belongs to the conventional oil from terrestrial facies with low density, medium viscosity, medium freezing point and low sulfur content. And the type of formation water in the study area belongs to calcium chloride(CaCl2).The total saltiness of formation water is comparatively high and the sandstones of reservoir act as water-wet.The results of high pressure properties of the reservoir show that the type of trap is lithologic trap which belongs to normal temperature and low pressure system with the elastic-soluble gas driving oil.
(7) Through the study of inclusion thermometry thermal history of the basin、illite dating and other methods, it can be confirmed that the forming date of Chang-6 reservoir of Zl-bei Oil Field is Early Crataceous, and especially the application of illite dating methods is a new quantitative result, which is the first quantitative outcome in Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and deepens the study on chronology of Hydrocarbon accumulation futher more.
(8) The research also concludes the regularity of the accumulation of Chang-6 reservoir., which shows that the study reservoir is controlled by delta plain distributary channel where is considered as the most important deposition area. The fine regional cap rock of Chang4+5 also supplys the good barrier conditions.
(9) According to the type and distribution of Chang-6 reservoir, based on the previous studies, the research concludes that there are two oil-gas accumulation models:one is the sandstone lens reservoir,the other is sandstone updipping wedge-out reservoir.
(1)依据“标志层,旋回对比,分级控制”进行地层精细划分与对比,将研究区延长组长6油层组划分为长61、长62和长63三个亚组,依据次级旋回将长61划分为长611、长612、长613,长62划分为长621、长622,进而建立了研究区详细的地层格架。通过各层段顶面构造图的编制与分析,认为本区总体构造格局为一个宽缓的西倾单斜,东高西低,其各期构造具有一定的继承性。
(2)根据岩石类型及其特征、沉积结构和构造、古生物和测井相等相标志,采用相分析的方法,确定了研究区长6油层组为三角洲平原相沉积。在区域沉积背景的基础上,结合地质特征和测井相分析,对该区砂体厚度及砂地比值在平面上的分布规律进行了综合分析,将本区沉积相进一步划分为分流河道、漫滩沼泽两种沉积微相。
(3)从“四性”关系研究出发,以试油结果和岩心地质参数统计结果为依据,建立了本区长6油藏的油水层评价判别标准,给出了孔隙度和原始含油饱和度的解释方程,确定了油层有效厚度下限标准。
(4)本文用多参数流动单元的方法对储层进行表征和综合评价,选用孔隙度、渗透率、流动层带指数、储层质量指数、标准化孔隙度共5个参数采用聚类分析的方法定量地对流动单元进行划分,使不同的流动单元对应不同质量的储层,其划分标准更加合理,因此可以用流动单元来表征和评价储层。这种评价方法不仅充分考虑到了油藏的地质本质,也考虑到了油藏的工程特征,更有利于储层的综合评价和油田的精细开发。
(5)根据研究区薄片、粒度、物性等测试资料研究结果表明,研究区长6油层组储层砂岩主要为细粒长石砂岩。储层砂岩已达晚成岩A期。孔隙类型主要为粒间孔隙,孔喉组合以小孔微细喉型为主。储层属于低孔—特低渗～特低孔—超低渗型储层。储层非均质性强,沉积相是控制储层物性的主要因素。
(6)油水性质等分析测试结果显示,研究区长6油藏原油属低密度、中等粘度、中等凝固点、低含硫量的陆相原油。地层水水型为CaCl2型水,地层水的总矿化度较高,储层砂岩表现为亲水。油层高压物性测试结果显示,圈闭类型为岩性圈闭,属于常温低压系统,驱动类型为弹性-溶解气驱油藏。
(7)通过包裹体测温、盆地热史、伊利石测年等多种方法确定了子北油田中生界长6油藏成藏为早白垩世,特别是应用伊利石测年方法取得了子北油田中生界成藏年代定量性新成果,这是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油藏首次取得的成藏年代定量性新成果,深化了油气成藏年代学研究。
(8)概括总结了长6油藏油气富集的规律：认为长6油藏油气分布主要受三角洲平原分流河道控制,分流河道发育区一般为油气的主要富集区,研究区长4+5河漫滩相的优质区域盖层亦为其油气的储集提供了良好的遮挡与封盖条件。
(9)根据本区发育的油藏类型及其空间分布特点等,结合前人研究结果,总结出本区长6油藏主要有两种成藏模式：区域构造背景下的砂岩透镜体油藏成藏模式和上倾尖灭油藏成藏模式。
Chang-6 member of Li-79 block in ZI-bei Oil Field in Ordos Basin is taken as the study object in this thesis. Under the guidance of theories of sedimentology、petroleum geology、geochemistry and well logging geophysics, on the basis of abundant data from geology、drilling、logging、oil testing, adopting the combination of geology、geophysics、geochemistry and technique methods of academic researeh indoors combined with practice research and investigations in the field, using many testing methods and analytical techniques, Chang-6 member of Li-79 block of ZI-bei Oil Field is deeply studied in strata、structure、sediment、and characteristic of reservoir and oil storage. Based on these methods, the paper discusses the regularity and controlling factors of the distribution and accumulation of oil - gas systerm in the study area. The main understanding and conclusions are as follows:
(1) Acording to "marker layer、cyclic correlation、step control", Chang-6 group is divided into 3 sub- groups,:Chang-61、Chang-62 and Chang-63. Acording to the secondary cyclic correlation, Chang 61 and Chang 62 sub-groups are divided into Chang-611、Chang-612、Chang-619 and Chang-621、Chang-622 respectively, and then the detailed stratigraphic framework of the whole region is builded. The establishment and analysis of top surface structural maps show that the study area is a broad west-dip monocline, and the structure characteristics of each period has a certain continuity.
(2) According to the analysis of facies signs, such as rock types and features, sedimentary structure, fossils, logging facies and other criteria in the study area, the deposition system of Chang-6 member is a delta plain sedimentary system. Based on the sedimentary background of study area, and using the analysis of geology characteristics and logging facies, the distribution pattern of sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage in the plane section are discussed comprehensively, and furtherly Chang-6 deposition system is divided into two sedimentary microfacies:distributary channel and flood plain swamp.
(3) Starting from the four Properties relations study, based on well testing results and statistical results of geological parameters of the core, the recognition criterion of oil and water reservoir is concluded, the interpretation equation on porosity and initial oil saturation is builded, and the low criterion of effective thickness is defined.
(4) The method of multi-parameters clustering eanalysis is adopted for reservoir token and synthetical evaluation in this paper, which makes the criteria more reasonable.The parameters include porosity、permeability、flowing interval exponent、reservoir quality、normalizing porosity. Different flow unit corresponds to different quality reservoir, so flow unit can be used for evaluating and tokening reservoir. This evaluation method not only takes full account of the geological nature of the reservoir, but also takes the characteristics of the reservoir project into consideration,which is more conducive to the synthetical evaluation of reservoir and the meticulous exploitation of oil field.
(5) The research on granularity、flakes、properties.etc show that the sandstone of reservoir in the study area is mainly fine-graded feldspar sandstone and the reservoir sandstone has reached the late diagenesis A period. The type of porosity is mainly intergranular pore, and the composition of pore-throat is the small pore with micro-throat type. In general, the type of reservoir is low porosity-extra-special low permeability-extra low porosity-ultra-low-permeability reservoir. The research on unhomogeneity of reservoir also shows the unhomogenenity is strong. Analyzing the controlling factors to reservoir, sedimentary microfacies is the main factor controlling and affecting the distribution of reservoir in the study area.
(6) The result of analysis on property of oil, water.etc show that the oil of Chang-6 member in the study area belongs to the conventional oil from terrestrial facies with low density, medium viscosity, medium freezing point and low sulfur content. And the type of formation water in the study area belongs to calcium chloride(CaCl2).The total saltiness of formation water is comparatively high and the sandstones of reservoir act as water-wet.The results of high pressure properties of the reservoir show that the type of trap is lithologic trap which belongs to normal temperature and low pressure system with the elastic-soluble gas driving oil.
(7) Through the study of inclusion thermometry thermal history of the basin、illite dating and other methods, it can be confirmed that the forming date of Chang-6 reservoir of Zl-bei Oil Field is Early Crataceous, and especially the application of illite dating methods is a new quantitative result, which is the first quantitative outcome in Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and deepens the study on chronology of Hydrocarbon accumulation futher more.
(8) The research also concludes the regularity of the accumulation of Chang-6 reservoir., which shows that the study reservoir is controlled by delta plain distributary channel where is considered as the most important deposition area. The fine regional cap rock of Chang4+5 also supplys the good barrier conditions.
(9) According to the type and distribution of Chang-6 reservoir, based on the previous studies, the research concludes that there are two oil-gas accumulation models:one is the sandstone lens reservoir,the other is sandstone updipping wedge-out reservoir.
引文
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