南堡凹陷复杂油气层测井响应特征与评价方法研究
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摘要
随着油气勘探开发工作的深化,勘探开发目标已由原来简单的高幅度构造油气藏转向复杂油气藏。复杂油气层含油气测井响应具有复杂性和隐蔽性,导致对其测井识别评价具有极大难度。因此,研究复杂油气层有效的测井解释评价方法和技术,为勘探开发提供有力支持,具有十分重要的意义。
南堡凹陷是复杂断块油田的典型代表,发育大量复杂油气层。它们不仅在油气储量中占有较大比例,其产能也非常可观。南堡凹陷储层岩性、物性变化大,非均质性强,地层水矿化度低且层间变化大,油气层和水层电性差异小导致测井信息对这类油气、水层的分辨能力降低,基于传统测井解释理论的油气层识别方法效果较差,符合率较低。论文以南堡凹陷馆陶组和东营组为研究目标,综合分析录井、钻井、岩心和测井等资料,深入展开了复杂油气层测井解释评价方法研究。
通过岩石物理实验资料、测井环境以及发育的地质背景的分析,深化南堡凹陷复杂油气层的成因机制研究,梳理各种成因油气层的电测井响应特征,为南堡凹陷复杂油气层测井评价奠定基础。认为复杂水性、复杂岩性和复杂的测井环境是导致复杂油气层电性复杂的主控成因。复杂水性扰乱油气层和水层电性对比基础;复杂岩性导致高束缚水饱和度和阳离子交换量,进而增强油气层的导电性;砂泥岩薄互层降低电测井响应对储层真电阻率的敏感性;盐水泥浆侵入和斜井等复杂的测井环境进一步使电测井响应特征复杂化。
针对复杂油气层非均质性强的特征,引入流动单元理论进行储层分类和储层测井解释模型建立。流动带指标能够反映储层岩性、物性和孔隙结构特征。采用流动带指标法,将南堡凹陷划分为4类流动单元,基于流动单元建立的渗透率模型明显提高了解释精度,说明流动单元划分合理。在取心井段应用自然伽马、声波和密度建立流动带指标模型,并将该模型应用于未取心井段,对馆陶组和东营组储层进行流动单元划分。基于流动单元建立含水饱和度模型、束缚水饱和度模型及油水层识别图版,其解释精度较以往有显著提高,现场应用效果良好。
南堡凹陷阿尔奇参数m、n值变化范围较大,岩性、物性和水性是影响阿尔奇参数的主要因素。应用阳离子交换量、孔隙结构和地层水电阻率分层组建立了m、n值模型,完善阿尔奇参数的选取方法。
基于三水导电模型,提出校正离心实验束缚水饱和度方法,应用半渗透隔板实验数据验证该方法的正确性和可靠性。实际应用结果表明:该方法得到的束缚水饱和度与压汞和相渗分析束缚水饱和度吻合,与校正前束缚水饱和度相比,准确性有明显提高,为建立束缚水饱和度模型提供了可靠数据。
通过对测井和录井等资料的综合分析,采用多信息融合技术,建立油水层识别图版。针对不同的测井环境,研究反映流体性质的敏感参数,分析岩性、束缚水饱和度影响以及油层的气测特征,通过两两参数合理搭配,放大油层与水层之间差异,量化复杂油气层解释标准。针对由于盐水泥浆侵入和斜井等复杂测井环境影响电测井响应的情况,应用反演技术对电测井响应进行有效校正。实际应用表明:所建立的三种油水层识别图版均取得良好的应用效果,经反演技术校正得到的电测井响应更接近地层真电阻率,为南堡凹陷进一步勘探和开发提供了可靠的技术保障。
With the petroleum exploration and development deepening, exploration target has been diverted from simple high amplitude structural hydrocarbon reservoir to complex reservoir. The Hydrocarbon logging response of complex reservoir is character with complexity and stealthiness, which leads to great difficulty in well logging recognition and evaluation. Therefore, the research on effective well logging evaluation in complex reservoir provides advantageous support to exploration and development and has greatly important significance.
Nanpu Sag is a typical complex faulted block oilfield and there exists a lot of complex reservoirs, which occupy a great proportion of oil and gas reserves and have considerable productivity. The reservoir in Nanpu Sag is character with great variation of lithology and physical property, strong heterogeneity, low and variable formation water salinity. The reservoir recognition ability decreases because of little electric difference between hydrocarbon layer and water layer. The recognition effect based on conventional log interpretation theory is bad and interpretation cocidence rate is low. Based on research objectives of Guantao and Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag, this paper comprehensively analyzes the data of mud logging, drilling, coring, and well logging, and further studies the interpretation and evaluation method in complex reservoir.
The genetic mechanism of complex reservoir in Nanpu Sag is further researched and the electric logging response characteristics of various origin complex reservoirs is hackled by analyzing petrophysical experimental data, logging environment and geologic background, which lays a foundation for logging evaluation of complex reservoir in Nanpu Sag. The complex lithology, physical property and logging environment are considered as major factors that lead to complex electric property. The complex water disturbs the electric comparing basis of oil-gas layers and water layers. The complex lithology results in high bound water saturation and cation exchange capacity, and then enhances conductivity of oil-gas layers. Thin sand shale interbedding reduces the sensitivity of electric logging response to true formation resistivity. The complex logging environment, such as brine mud invasion and deviated well, further complicates electric logging response.
According to the strong heterogeneity of complex reservoir, this paper introduces flow unit theory to classify reservoir and build logging interpretation models. The flow index reflects the lithology, physical property and pore structure characteristics. The reservoirs in Nanpu Sag are divided into four types through flow unit index method, and the permeability model based on flow unit has obviously improved interpretation precision, which indicates the rationality of flow unit classification. The flow unit index model is built with GR, AC and DEN in coring intervals, and applied into non-coring intervals to classify the flow units of Guantao and Dongying reservoir. The interpretation accuracy of water saturation model, irreducible water saturation model and oil and water layer identification chart based on flow unit are improved obviously and application effect is good.
The Archie parameters m and n vary in a large range and the lithology, physical properties and water are key factors which affect the Archie parameters greatly. The m and n models are built on cation exchange capacity, pore structure and formation water resistivity according to different bed sets, which improves the selection method of Archie parameters. Based on three-water conduction model, this paper proposes a method to correct bound water saturation of centrifuged experiment and applies semi permeable membrane data to verify its correctness and reliability. The actual application results show that the bound water saturation calculated by this method is in good agreement with mercury injection and relative permeability results, and compared with irreducible water saturation before correction, the accuracy is obviously improved. It provides reliable data for the establishment of irreducible water model.
Through analyzing mud logging information and well logging information comprehensively, the oil-water layer identification chart is established using multi-information fusion technology. For different logging environments, the sensible parameters reflecting fluid property are researched, and the differences between oil-gas and water layers are enlarged by reasonable collocation of characteristic parameters after analyzing the effects of lithology, irreducible water saturation and gas logging characteristic. The interpretation standards are quantified. The electric logging response is corrected effectively for complex logging environments, such as brine mud invasion, deviated well. The application shows that the three kinds of oil-water identification charts obtain good results. The electric logging responses corrected by inversion are closer to true formation resistivity. All of methods provide dependable technical support to further exploration and development in Nanpu Sag.
南堡凹陷是复杂断块油田的典型代表,发育大量复杂油气层。它们不仅在油气储量中占有较大比例,其产能也非常可观。南堡凹陷储层岩性、物性变化大,非均质性强,地层水矿化度低且层间变化大,油气层和水层电性差异小导致测井信息对这类油气、水层的分辨能力降低,基于传统测井解释理论的油气层识别方法效果较差,符合率较低。论文以南堡凹陷馆陶组和东营组为研究目标,综合分析录井、钻井、岩心和测井等资料,深入展开了复杂油气层测井解释评价方法研究。
通过岩石物理实验资料、测井环境以及发育的地质背景的分析,深化南堡凹陷复杂油气层的成因机制研究,梳理各种成因油气层的电测井响应特征,为南堡凹陷复杂油气层测井评价奠定基础。认为复杂水性、复杂岩性和复杂的测井环境是导致复杂油气层电性复杂的主控成因。复杂水性扰乱油气层和水层电性对比基础;复杂岩性导致高束缚水饱和度和阳离子交换量,进而增强油气层的导电性;砂泥岩薄互层降低电测井响应对储层真电阻率的敏感性;盐水泥浆侵入和斜井等复杂的测井环境进一步使电测井响应特征复杂化。
针对复杂油气层非均质性强的特征,引入流动单元理论进行储层分类和储层测井解释模型建立。流动带指标能够反映储层岩性、物性和孔隙结构特征。采用流动带指标法,将南堡凹陷划分为4类流动单元,基于流动单元建立的渗透率模型明显提高了解释精度,说明流动单元划分合理。在取心井段应用自然伽马、声波和密度建立流动带指标模型,并将该模型应用于未取心井段,对馆陶组和东营组储层进行流动单元划分。基于流动单元建立含水饱和度模型、束缚水饱和度模型及油水层识别图版,其解释精度较以往有显著提高,现场应用效果良好。
南堡凹陷阿尔奇参数m、n值变化范围较大,岩性、物性和水性是影响阿尔奇参数的主要因素。应用阳离子交换量、孔隙结构和地层水电阻率分层组建立了m、n值模型,完善阿尔奇参数的选取方法。
基于三水导电模型,提出校正离心实验束缚水饱和度方法,应用半渗透隔板实验数据验证该方法的正确性和可靠性。实际应用结果表明:该方法得到的束缚水饱和度与压汞和相渗分析束缚水饱和度吻合,与校正前束缚水饱和度相比,准确性有明显提高,为建立束缚水饱和度模型提供了可靠数据。
通过对测井和录井等资料的综合分析,采用多信息融合技术,建立油水层识别图版。针对不同的测井环境,研究反映流体性质的敏感参数,分析岩性、束缚水饱和度影响以及油层的气测特征,通过两两参数合理搭配,放大油层与水层之间差异,量化复杂油气层解释标准。针对由于盐水泥浆侵入和斜井等复杂测井环境影响电测井响应的情况,应用反演技术对电测井响应进行有效校正。实际应用表明:所建立的三种油水层识别图版均取得良好的应用效果,经反演技术校正得到的电测井响应更接近地层真电阻率,为南堡凹陷进一步勘探和开发提供了可靠的技术保障。
With the petroleum exploration and development deepening, exploration target has been diverted from simple high amplitude structural hydrocarbon reservoir to complex reservoir. The Hydrocarbon logging response of complex reservoir is character with complexity and stealthiness, which leads to great difficulty in well logging recognition and evaluation. Therefore, the research on effective well logging evaluation in complex reservoir provides advantageous support to exploration and development and has greatly important significance.
Nanpu Sag is a typical complex faulted block oilfield and there exists a lot of complex reservoirs, which occupy a great proportion of oil and gas reserves and have considerable productivity. The reservoir in Nanpu Sag is character with great variation of lithology and physical property, strong heterogeneity, low and variable formation water salinity. The reservoir recognition ability decreases because of little electric difference between hydrocarbon layer and water layer. The recognition effect based on conventional log interpretation theory is bad and interpretation cocidence rate is low. Based on research objectives of Guantao and Dongying formation in Nanpu Sag, this paper comprehensively analyzes the data of mud logging, drilling, coring, and well logging, and further studies the interpretation and evaluation method in complex reservoir.
The genetic mechanism of complex reservoir in Nanpu Sag is further researched and the electric logging response characteristics of various origin complex reservoirs is hackled by analyzing petrophysical experimental data, logging environment and geologic background, which lays a foundation for logging evaluation of complex reservoir in Nanpu Sag. The complex lithology, physical property and logging environment are considered as major factors that lead to complex electric property. The complex water disturbs the electric comparing basis of oil-gas layers and water layers. The complex lithology results in high bound water saturation and cation exchange capacity, and then enhances conductivity of oil-gas layers. Thin sand shale interbedding reduces the sensitivity of electric logging response to true formation resistivity. The complex logging environment, such as brine mud invasion and deviated well, further complicates electric logging response.
According to the strong heterogeneity of complex reservoir, this paper introduces flow unit theory to classify reservoir and build logging interpretation models. The flow index reflects the lithology, physical property and pore structure characteristics. The reservoirs in Nanpu Sag are divided into four types through flow unit index method, and the permeability model based on flow unit has obviously improved interpretation precision, which indicates the rationality of flow unit classification. The flow unit index model is built with GR, AC and DEN in coring intervals, and applied into non-coring intervals to classify the flow units of Guantao and Dongying reservoir. The interpretation accuracy of water saturation model, irreducible water saturation model and oil and water layer identification chart based on flow unit are improved obviously and application effect is good.
The Archie parameters m and n vary in a large range and the lithology, physical properties and water are key factors which affect the Archie parameters greatly. The m and n models are built on cation exchange capacity, pore structure and formation water resistivity according to different bed sets, which improves the selection method of Archie parameters. Based on three-water conduction model, this paper proposes a method to correct bound water saturation of centrifuged experiment and applies semi permeable membrane data to verify its correctness and reliability. The actual application results show that the bound water saturation calculated by this method is in good agreement with mercury injection and relative permeability results, and compared with irreducible water saturation before correction, the accuracy is obviously improved. It provides reliable data for the establishment of irreducible water model.
Through analyzing mud logging information and well logging information comprehensively, the oil-water layer identification chart is established using multi-information fusion technology. For different logging environments, the sensible parameters reflecting fluid property are researched, and the differences between oil-gas and water layers are enlarged by reasonable collocation of characteristic parameters after analyzing the effects of lithology, irreducible water saturation and gas logging characteristic. The interpretation standards are quantified. The electric logging response is corrected effectively for complex logging environments, such as brine mud invasion, deviated well. The application shows that the three kinds of oil-water identification charts obtain good results. The electric logging responses corrected by inversion are closer to true formation resistivity. All of methods provide dependable technical support to further exploration and development in Nanpu Sag.
引文
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