综放工作面喷雾降尘理论及工艺技术研究
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摘要
本文通过理论分析、数值模拟、实验测试、现场应用相结合的方法,对综放工作面喷雾降尘理论及工艺技术进行了研究,形成了针对综放面的较为系统的喷雾降尘知识体系。
通过对射流扰动控制方程及其解的分析,基于两相流的喷雾概念模型,引入了空穴、湍流和空气动力共同作用的雾化模型;基于液滴对尘粒的主动碰撞理论,对典型水雾捕尘机理进行了改进;运用显微颗粒图像分析仪和干粉激光粒度分析仪对采用滤膜法和人工法取样的综放工作面喷雾前后各生产工序产尘的粒度、粒径分布及矿尘的形状进行了测定,得到了喷雾降尘对各工序产尘的平均粒径及其分散度影响的定性变化规律。建立了基于Eulerian-Eulerian模型与Eulerian-Lagrangian模型相组合的综放工作面喷雾降尘过程气体一颗粒两相流动的流体力学数学模型;应用混合差分格式和基于同位网格的SIMPLE算法给出了气粒两相流动的数值解法;并以FLUENT软件作为计算平台对综放工作面形成全断面雾流时喷雾降尘过程的气体—粉尘—雾滴的流场进行了数值模拟。
利用自行设计与制造的实验装置在模拟综放面实际风速的前提下,分不开启风机、开启风机无尘源、开启风机释放尘源等三种情况进行了粉尘场与雾滴场耦合关系的喷雾降尘实验。根据实验数据,得到了雾滴在上述三种不同情况时在整个模型空间内的分布规律;提出了雾流雾化效果“三场”的概念;并采用数值分析方法在雾滴捕尘基本保证粒径40～160μm范围内分[40,65]μm、[65,100]μm、[100,160]μm等三个粒径区间分别拟合了无尘液滴平均粒径D_(无尘液滴)与其捕获尘粒平均粒径ΔD之间的函数表达式;提出了针对呼吸性粉尘的雾滴最佳捕尘粒径为15～70μm;同时拟合了D_(无尘液滴)与D_(未捕获尘粒),D50_(无尘液滴)与η_(全尘)、η_(呼尘)之间的数学关系式;通过添加表面活性剂时的尘雾场耦合实验,验证了其提高降尘效果的若干定性结论。基于表面活性剂单体溶液表面张力及接触角的实测结果,根据表面活性剂复配溶液的煤尘沉降Walker实验及其反向渗透实验结论,确定了降尘剂的最优配方CZYNS-1;同时研发了表面活性剂定量泵添加工艺;通过对煤粉试片临界表面张力的测定分析、不同粒度煤粉试片及不同孔隙率煤样接触角的测定分析,完善和拓展了表面活性剂的降尘理论。
上述的理论和实验研究结论可针对综放面不同生产工序产尘粒度的特点优选喷嘴、喷雾降尘装置的优化设计、降尘剂配方优选提供依据。最后将研究成果在兖矿集团东滩煤矿1303综放面和兴隆庄煤矿10301综放面进行了工程应用,取得了很好的降尘效果。
In this dissertation,the theories and techniques of dust prevention by water-cloud in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face are researched through the method of combining theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,experimental measuration and application on-spot. Therefore,the systematic knowledge hierarchy of dust prevention by water-cloud for fully mechanized caving face is formed.
The atomization model about interaction of cavitation,turbulence and aerodynamic is put forward through the analysis about the control equation of jet disturbance and its solution, according to the conceptual model of spray based on two-phase flow,while the typical mechanism of dust capture by water-cloud is improved,through the active collision theory of droplet to dust particle.Using micro-particle image analyzer and dry powder laser granularity analyzer to measure the granularity,particle size distribution and form of the coal dust, sampling with the filter and manual method,which is produced in each production process in fully mechanized caving face pre and post the water-cloud is started,the qualitative regularities about the influence of spraying to average particle size and dispersity degree of coal dust produced in each production process are obtained.The basic mathematical model of fluid dynamics about the gas-particle two-phase flow is established during the process of dust prevention by water-cloud in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face,based on the combining method of Eulerian-Eulerian model and Eulerian-Lagrangian model,using hybrid difference scheme and SIMPLE algorithm on the basis of collocated grid to derive the numerical solution of the gas-particle two-phase flow,and carrying out the numerical simulation of gas-dust-droplet flow based on the computing platform of FLUENT software when spray is along the cross-section of the coal face.
On the condition of utilizing the experimental device which is self-designed and manufactured to simulate the actual wind velocity of fully mechanized caving face,the simulative experiment of dust prevention by water-cloud in three different conditions—fan off, fan on without dust source and fan on with dust source is conducted,to research the coupling relationship between dust field and droplet field.From the experimental data,the droplets distribution regularity in the whole model space under the above three different conditions is obtained;the conception of "three fields" about the atomization effect of spray is put forward; the quantitative function expressions between D_(droplet without dust) andΔD are fitted in three intervals—[40,65]μm,[65,100]μm,[100,160]μm,which are all in the range of particle size 40-160μm that can ensure the droplet of capturing the dust basically,by using the method of numerical analysis.Furthermore,it is put forward that the optimum droplet size to capture respirable dust is 15-75μm;the quantitative mathematical formulae between D_(droplet without dust) and D_(dust not captured),formulae among D50_(droplet without dust),η_(total coal dust) andη_(respirable coal dust) are fitted; several qualitative conclusions about surfactant solution improving the effect of dust prevention by water-cloud are obtained through the coupling experiment of dust-droplet field while the surfactant is added into the water used for spray.According to the measured results of surface tension and contact angle of the single surfactant solution,the conclusions about the coal dust settling Walker experiment and the up-ward seepage experiment of the surfactant combination solution,the optimum surfactant reagent CZYNS-1 used for dedusting is defined; the technique of using volum-fixed pump to add surfactant is researched and developed. Moreover,the dedusting theory of surfactant is improved and extended through measuring and analyzing the critical surface tension of coal-dust test piece,the contact angle of coal-dust test piece in different granularity and coal simple in different porosity.
Above-mentioned conclusions of the theoretical and experimental research can provide evidence for optimal selection of atomizing nozzles according to the characteristics of dust granularity in different production process,optimization design for devices used for dust prevention by water-cloud and confirmation of optimum surfactant reagent used for dedusting in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face.Finally,the engineering application about the research achievement is carried out in 1303 fully mechanized caving face of Dongtan mine and 10301 fully mechanized caving face of Xinglongzhuang mine in Yanzhou Mining Group, acquiring fine dedusting effect.
通过对射流扰动控制方程及其解的分析,基于两相流的喷雾概念模型,引入了空穴、湍流和空气动力共同作用的雾化模型;基于液滴对尘粒的主动碰撞理论,对典型水雾捕尘机理进行了改进;运用显微颗粒图像分析仪和干粉激光粒度分析仪对采用滤膜法和人工法取样的综放工作面喷雾前后各生产工序产尘的粒度、粒径分布及矿尘的形状进行了测定,得到了喷雾降尘对各工序产尘的平均粒径及其分散度影响的定性变化规律。建立了基于Eulerian-Eulerian模型与Eulerian-Lagrangian模型相组合的综放工作面喷雾降尘过程气体一颗粒两相流动的流体力学数学模型;应用混合差分格式和基于同位网格的SIMPLE算法给出了气粒两相流动的数值解法;并以FLUENT软件作为计算平台对综放工作面形成全断面雾流时喷雾降尘过程的气体—粉尘—雾滴的流场进行了数值模拟。
利用自行设计与制造的实验装置在模拟综放面实际风速的前提下,分不开启风机、开启风机无尘源、开启风机释放尘源等三种情况进行了粉尘场与雾滴场耦合关系的喷雾降尘实验。根据实验数据,得到了雾滴在上述三种不同情况时在整个模型空间内的分布规律;提出了雾流雾化效果“三场”的概念;并采用数值分析方法在雾滴捕尘基本保证粒径40～160μm范围内分[40,65]μm、[65,100]μm、[100,160]μm等三个粒径区间分别拟合了无尘液滴平均粒径D_(无尘液滴)与其捕获尘粒平均粒径ΔD之间的函数表达式;提出了针对呼吸性粉尘的雾滴最佳捕尘粒径为15～70μm;同时拟合了D_(无尘液滴)与D_(未捕获尘粒),D50_(无尘液滴)与η_(全尘)、η_(呼尘)之间的数学关系式;通过添加表面活性剂时的尘雾场耦合实验,验证了其提高降尘效果的若干定性结论。基于表面活性剂单体溶液表面张力及接触角的实测结果,根据表面活性剂复配溶液的煤尘沉降Walker实验及其反向渗透实验结论,确定了降尘剂的最优配方CZYNS-1;同时研发了表面活性剂定量泵添加工艺;通过对煤粉试片临界表面张力的测定分析、不同粒度煤粉试片及不同孔隙率煤样接触角的测定分析,完善和拓展了表面活性剂的降尘理论。
上述的理论和实验研究结论可针对综放面不同生产工序产尘粒度的特点优选喷嘴、喷雾降尘装置的优化设计、降尘剂配方优选提供依据。最后将研究成果在兖矿集团东滩煤矿1303综放面和兴隆庄煤矿10301综放面进行了工程应用,取得了很好的降尘效果。
In this dissertation,the theories and techniques of dust prevention by water-cloud in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face are researched through the method of combining theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,experimental measuration and application on-spot. Therefore,the systematic knowledge hierarchy of dust prevention by water-cloud for fully mechanized caving face is formed.
The atomization model about interaction of cavitation,turbulence and aerodynamic is put forward through the analysis about the control equation of jet disturbance and its solution, according to the conceptual model of spray based on two-phase flow,while the typical mechanism of dust capture by water-cloud is improved,through the active collision theory of droplet to dust particle.Using micro-particle image analyzer and dry powder laser granularity analyzer to measure the granularity,particle size distribution and form of the coal dust, sampling with the filter and manual method,which is produced in each production process in fully mechanized caving face pre and post the water-cloud is started,the qualitative regularities about the influence of spraying to average particle size and dispersity degree of coal dust produced in each production process are obtained.The basic mathematical model of fluid dynamics about the gas-particle two-phase flow is established during the process of dust prevention by water-cloud in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face,based on the combining method of Eulerian-Eulerian model and Eulerian-Lagrangian model,using hybrid difference scheme and SIMPLE algorithm on the basis of collocated grid to derive the numerical solution of the gas-particle two-phase flow,and carrying out the numerical simulation of gas-dust-droplet flow based on the computing platform of FLUENT software when spray is along the cross-section of the coal face.
On the condition of utilizing the experimental device which is self-designed and manufactured to simulate the actual wind velocity of fully mechanized caving face,the simulative experiment of dust prevention by water-cloud in three different conditions—fan off, fan on without dust source and fan on with dust source is conducted,to research the coupling relationship between dust field and droplet field.From the experimental data,the droplets distribution regularity in the whole model space under the above three different conditions is obtained;the conception of "three fields" about the atomization effect of spray is put forward; the quantitative function expressions between D_(droplet without dust) andΔD are fitted in three intervals—[40,65]μm,[65,100]μm,[100,160]μm,which are all in the range of particle size 40-160μm that can ensure the droplet of capturing the dust basically,by using the method of numerical analysis.Furthermore,it is put forward that the optimum droplet size to capture respirable dust is 15-75μm;the quantitative mathematical formulae between D_(droplet without dust) and D_(dust not captured),formulae among D50_(droplet without dust),η_(total coal dust) andη_(respirable coal dust) are fitted; several qualitative conclusions about surfactant solution improving the effect of dust prevention by water-cloud are obtained through the coupling experiment of dust-droplet field while the surfactant is added into the water used for spray.According to the measured results of surface tension and contact angle of the single surfactant solution,the conclusions about the coal dust settling Walker experiment and the up-ward seepage experiment of the surfactant combination solution,the optimum surfactant reagent CZYNS-1 used for dedusting is defined; the technique of using volum-fixed pump to add surfactant is researched and developed. Moreover,the dedusting theory of surfactant is improved and extended through measuring and analyzing the critical surface tension of coal-dust test piece,the contact angle of coal-dust test piece in different granularity and coal simple in different porosity.
Above-mentioned conclusions of the theoretical and experimental research can provide evidence for optimal selection of atomizing nozzles according to the characteristics of dust granularity in different production process,optimization design for devices used for dust prevention by water-cloud and confirmation of optimum surfactant reagent used for dedusting in fully mechanized and roof caving coal face.Finally,the engineering application about the research achievement is carried out in 1303 fully mechanized caving face of Dongtan mine and 10301 fully mechanized caving face of Xinglongzhuang mine in Yanzhou Mining Group, acquiring fine dedusting effect.
引文
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