网格状带齿加筋体强度、筋—土界面特性及其应用研究
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摘要
网格状带齿加筋形式汲取了传统的网格状加筋和条带式立体加筋的优点,其加筋效果不仅表现在水平筋的摩擦作用,更重要的是竖向齿筋对土体具有良好的侧阻能力,和传统加筋方式相比,能大幅提高加筋结构承载力和稳定性,具有较重要的理论意义及工程应用前景。然而,其加筋机制还不是十分清楚,计算方法仍不成熟,理论研究明显落后于工程实践,需要进一步深入研究。本文通过三轴试验、拉拔试验、室内模型试验、基于非连续性介质的颗粒流数值模拟及理论分析,对网格状带齿加筋体的强度特性及其加固机理等方面进行了系统研究。论文主要研究工作包括以下三个方面:
(1)通过一系列三轴试验和拉拔试验,分析了网格状带齿加筋体的强度和筋-土界面特性,验证了网格状带齿加筋技术的有效性。通过试验结果发现,网格状带齿加筋与传统的水平加筋相比其优势在于存在齿筋的侧阻力作用,能够极大地提高土体的强度。最后,基于极限平衡理论,分别建立了网格状带齿加筋体的强度模型和极限拉拔力模型,并将试验结果与模型计算值进行比较,二者基本吻合。
(2)利用PFC2D颗粒流程序对拉拔试验进行了数值模拟,分析了土的颗粒位移、筋材受力以及式样在拉拔过程中孔隙率的变化规律,并着重对筋土界面的应力场、位移场所表现出来的细观特性进行了探讨,进一步从细观角度揭示了网格状带齿加筋体筋土界面相互作用机理和位移发展特性。数值模拟表明:齿筋对拉拔过程中起到重要的作用,对于拉拔力的贡献率达到50%左右;齿筋对筋-土界面附近的土颗粒有较大的影响,在齿间前方颗粒具有向前向上的运动趋势,而齿筋后方的颗粒则具有向前向下运动,在整个筋条范围内形成波浪状的破裂面。
(3)设计了网格状带齿加筋垫层加固软土地基的室内模型试验方案,完成了4种工况的试验,研究了加筋方案对软土地基加固效果的影响。模型试验研究结果表明,在软土地基中加筋砂垫层能明显提高地基承载力、减小地基沉降、改善地基的受力性能,网格状带齿加筋路堤能够有效的提高路堤极限承载力,尤其在路堤承受较大荷载时,网格状带齿加筋的效果更加明显。同等试验条件下,网格状带齿加筋的加筋效果较传统的网格状筋的好。
Reinforcement of grid with ribs has the advantage of the traditional geogrid and H-V reinforcement, whose reinforcing effect not only shows in the friction of horizontal bar, more importantly, but also the vertical inclusions that provides resistance to restrict the lateral displacements of soil. Therefore, reinforcement of grid with ribs can greatly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the reinforced structure compared to traditional reinforcement, which has important theoretical meaning and engineering application future. However, theory study is obviously behind the engineering practice, for example, its unclear reinforcement mechanism and immature calculation method, which need further study. In this paper, triaxial test, pullout test, model test, numerical simulation using PFC (particle Flow Code) and theoretical analysis are conducted to study the strength behavior and reinforcing mechanism of reinforcement of grid with ribs. The research work of this paper includes three aspects as follows:
(1) The Effectiveness of reinforcement of grid with ribs was verified by triaxial test and pullout test. The advantage of reinforcement of grid with ribs compared with the traditional reinforcement is due to its lateral resistance generated by the vertical inclusions, which can greatly improve soil strength. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the strength model and the ultimate pullout force model of reinforcement of grid with ribs were established, the contrast between the test results and calculated results show that both are in good agreement.
(2) Pullout test is simulated using PFC~(2D) (Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions)to analyz the particle displacement, force and the change law of sample’s porosity which were difficult to observe in the experiments. The microscopic characteristics showed by stress field, displacement field were mainly discussed, and interface interaction mechanism of reinforcement-soil interface and displacement development characteristicsis were further revealed from microscopic viewpoint. Numerical simulation results show that: reinforcement of grid with ribs play an important role in the contribution for the growth rate of pullout force about 50%; the vertical inclusions have a great impact on the soil near reinforcement-soil interface, the soil particle in the front of the vertical inclusions tend to move upward, while the soil particle behind the vertical inclusions tend to move downward.The failure surface show ribs wavy in the reinforced structure.
(3) Model tests of sand reinforced cushion by reinforcement of grid with ribs on soft ground were designed and four test cases were conducted to study the effect of reinforcement of grid with ribs on the soft ground.The test results show that reinforced cushion by reinforcement of grid with ribs can significantly increase the bearing capacity,reduce the settlement, and improve the mechanical behavior of soft ground. Under the same test conditions, the reinforcing effect of reinforcement of grid with ribs is much better than traditional geogrid.
(1)通过一系列三轴试验和拉拔试验,分析了网格状带齿加筋体的强度和筋-土界面特性,验证了网格状带齿加筋技术的有效性。通过试验结果发现,网格状带齿加筋与传统的水平加筋相比其优势在于存在齿筋的侧阻力作用,能够极大地提高土体的强度。最后,基于极限平衡理论,分别建立了网格状带齿加筋体的强度模型和极限拉拔力模型,并将试验结果与模型计算值进行比较,二者基本吻合。
(2)利用PFC2D颗粒流程序对拉拔试验进行了数值模拟,分析了土的颗粒位移、筋材受力以及式样在拉拔过程中孔隙率的变化规律,并着重对筋土界面的应力场、位移场所表现出来的细观特性进行了探讨,进一步从细观角度揭示了网格状带齿加筋体筋土界面相互作用机理和位移发展特性。数值模拟表明:齿筋对拉拔过程中起到重要的作用,对于拉拔力的贡献率达到50%左右;齿筋对筋-土界面附近的土颗粒有较大的影响,在齿间前方颗粒具有向前向上的运动趋势,而齿筋后方的颗粒则具有向前向下运动,在整个筋条范围内形成波浪状的破裂面。
(3)设计了网格状带齿加筋垫层加固软土地基的室内模型试验方案,完成了4种工况的试验,研究了加筋方案对软土地基加固效果的影响。模型试验研究结果表明,在软土地基中加筋砂垫层能明显提高地基承载力、减小地基沉降、改善地基的受力性能,网格状带齿加筋路堤能够有效的提高路堤极限承载力,尤其在路堤承受较大荷载时,网格状带齿加筋的效果更加明显。同等试验条件下,网格状带齿加筋的加筋效果较传统的网格状筋的好。
Reinforcement of grid with ribs has the advantage of the traditional geogrid and H-V reinforcement, whose reinforcing effect not only shows in the friction of horizontal bar, more importantly, but also the vertical inclusions that provides resistance to restrict the lateral displacements of soil. Therefore, reinforcement of grid with ribs can greatly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the reinforced structure compared to traditional reinforcement, which has important theoretical meaning and engineering application future. However, theory study is obviously behind the engineering practice, for example, its unclear reinforcement mechanism and immature calculation method, which need further study. In this paper, triaxial test, pullout test, model test, numerical simulation using PFC (particle Flow Code) and theoretical analysis are conducted to study the strength behavior and reinforcing mechanism of reinforcement of grid with ribs. The research work of this paper includes three aspects as follows:
(1) The Effectiveness of reinforcement of grid with ribs was verified by triaxial test and pullout test. The advantage of reinforcement of grid with ribs compared with the traditional reinforcement is due to its lateral resistance generated by the vertical inclusions, which can greatly improve soil strength. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the strength model and the ultimate pullout force model of reinforcement of grid with ribs were established, the contrast between the test results and calculated results show that both are in good agreement.
(2) Pullout test is simulated using PFC~(2D) (Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions)to analyz the particle displacement, force and the change law of sample’s porosity which were difficult to observe in the experiments. The microscopic characteristics showed by stress field, displacement field were mainly discussed, and interface interaction mechanism of reinforcement-soil interface and displacement development characteristicsis were further revealed from microscopic viewpoint. Numerical simulation results show that: reinforcement of grid with ribs play an important role in the contribution for the growth rate of pullout force about 50%; the vertical inclusions have a great impact on the soil near reinforcement-soil interface, the soil particle in the front of the vertical inclusions tend to move upward, while the soil particle behind the vertical inclusions tend to move downward.The failure surface show ribs wavy in the reinforced structure.
(3) Model tests of sand reinforced cushion by reinforcement of grid with ribs on soft ground were designed and four test cases were conducted to study the effect of reinforcement of grid with ribs on the soft ground.The test results show that reinforced cushion by reinforcement of grid with ribs can significantly increase the bearing capacity,reduce the settlement, and improve the mechanical behavior of soft ground. Under the same test conditions, the reinforcing effect of reinforcement of grid with ribs is much better than traditional geogrid.
引文
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