大兴安岭中南部石炭-二叠纪地层、岩相古地理与烃源岩研究
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摘要
本次研究通过大量野外地质调查、区域地质资料分析、前人研究成果综合,以沉积学和石油地质学理论为指导,以实测剖面所取得第一手资料为立足点,以古生物学、岩石学及沉积相分析研究为基础,结合烃源岩有机地化分析,进行油气远景分析,主要取得了以下认识及结论：
1、按地层分区和沉积类型,初步建立了4个石炭—二叠系标准柱,其中,赤峰市敖汉旗晚石炭世地层柱代表华北板块北缘的稳定型沉积；西乌珠穆沁旗晚石炭世—早二叠世和林西县晚二叠世的地层柱代表相对稳定的“中间地块”和板块闭合后的盆地堆积；科尔沁右翼前旗索伦至大石寨地区的二叠系地层柱为海槽活动型沉积；扎赉特旗和龙江县建立的中二叠世地层柱属西伯利亚板块南缘的稳定型沉积。
2、开展重点门类生物地层学的研究,以蜒类化石为主建立了3个地层分区的生物地层序列,同时与国内外地层相对比,大致确定了地层时代,建立了研究区地层格架；通过系统化石采集,对前人地层划分对比问题有了新认识：首次在赤峰地区下石炭统白家店组至上石炭统家道沟组发现蜒化石Eostaffella sp (始史塔夫蜒)、Pseudostaffella (假史塔夫蜒)、Profusulinella(原纺锤蜒)等,为确定地层时代和生物地层划分以及大地构造研究提供了重要的古生物依据,认为华北板块和西伯利亚板块闭合时间应在石炭纪以后,西拉木伦河断裂带在石炭纪活动不强烈,其中,下石炭统初步确立了1个蜒类化石组合,上石炭统下部2个蜒化石带,白家店组和家道沟组之间缺失罗苏阶；对阿木山组的蜒类化石进行了详细采集与系统研究,自下而上划分了4个化石带,明确了晚石炭世小独山子期至早二叠世隆林期的沉积,并以Pseudoschwagerina—Sphaeroschwagerina(假希瓦格蜒—球希瓦格蜒)组合带的首现即为二叠纪的开始；中二叠世中期自下而上可划分为2个蜒化石带,2个珊瑚带,和2个腕足类组合,并通过区域古生物地层对比,提出在中二叠世兴蒙海槽从内蒙中部哲斯地区一直发育到吉林中部,那时的海盆是相连的；在林西县官地剖面的林西组首次发现叶肢介化石Palaeolimnadia sp(古渔乡叶肢介),Huanghestheria sp(黄河叶肢介)等,建立叶肢介化石组合：Huanghestheria—Cornia—Pemphicyclus(黄河叶肢介—犄叶肢介—单疱叶肢介),并将林西组划分为6个岩性段,根据岩性组合和化石组合特征对比,认为陶海营子组相当于林西组上部四段,而在鲁D1井对应林西组五段；并通过古生物地层对比,推测晚二叠世海水从西往东退却,内蒙中部海水全部退出,在吉林中部残留部分海相。
3、在多个地点和层位发现发育完好的生物礁,对油气储集具有重要意义。本次野外发现的生物礁有四个层位和地点：敖汉旗的白家店组；西乌旗白音胡硕石灰窑的本巴图组；西乌旗米韩高巧高鲁的阿木山组及扎赉特旗四甲山组—柳条沟组。礁体特征明显、相带出露齐全。生物礁包括5种骨架类型和造礁群落,分属4个造礁期。敖汉旗—赤峰生物礁为早石炭世晚期群体珊瑚—钙藻联合造礁,属温暖浅海陆棚环境。西乌旗生物礁群体珊瑚—钙藻联合造礁、灰泥建隆和藻类造礁等,属温暖岛海环境的多种造礁类型,扎赉特旗生物礁属中二叠世晚期冷水浅海苔藓虫造礁。礁相地层各礁相带发育,岩石薄片中见有大量残余沥青；上覆地层和同期异相地层为巨厚的暗色岩系,证明该区域具有很好油气勘探远景。
4、通过对研究区20条野外地质剖面的实测和观察,对大兴安岭中南部地区石炭系—二叠系各地层单元的沉积相进行了划分和分析,总结出沉积模式,并编制了4个时期的岩相古地理图。研究区晚石炭世—中二叠世发育海相沉积,海相沉积发育台地沉积体系,台地分为碎屑岩台地和碳酸盐岩台地,碎屑岩台地又可进一步分为粗碎屑岩台地、较深水细碎屑岩台地等沉积类型；碳酸盐岩台地进一步划分为浅滩、礁和开阔台地等沉积类型；而代表深水沉积的盆地可划分出斜坡沉积单元,研究区主要以缓斜坡为主。晚二叠世以陆相湖泊相沉积为主,可划分为滨湖、浅湖和半深湖,从林西至索伦一带中部以半深湖—深湖相沉积为主,发育大套暗色泥岩；研究区地层受西拉木伦河断裂和二连—贺根山断裂控制,均呈近东西向或NEE向展布,可能贯穿松辽盆地覆盖区,并延伸到吉黑中东部。
5、初步查明研究区石炭—二叠系各套地层的主体岩石仍主要是正常沉积的浅海相或陆相碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩夹火山碎屑岩,未发生区域变质作用；在区域上发育4套源岩层,自上而下为：上二叠统、中二叠统、上石炭统—下二叠统、下石炭统。其中以上二叠统林西组和中二叠统吴家屯组的烃源岩单层和累计厚度大,区域分布广,其中林西组有机碳含量大于0.6％的样品51.20%—95.8％,平均含量为0.6％—0.91％；吴家屯组有机碳含量大于0.6％的样品占88.2%—92.3％,平均含量为0.78％—1.01％。吴家屯组烃源岩腐泥组含量在60％左右,为Ⅱ2型有机质,其他剖面腐泥组含量一般小于50%,划分为Ⅲ型有机质。林西组烃源岩Ro值在1.3％～2.0％之间,达到了高成熟阶段；吴家屯组(哲斯组)烃源岩Ro值在1.0％-2.0％之间,为成熟—高成熟阶段。根据有机质主要地化指标(有机碳、成熟度、干酪根类型)综合评价为中等—好烃源岩,具有生成高成熟天然气和凝析油气、成熟中质油等生烃潜力,是松辽及外围地区石炭—二叠系主力生烃层系,配合多套区域分布的碎屑砂岩或礁滩相储层,形成若干套“古生古储”的生储盖组合,具有良好的油气资源远景。
大兴安岭中南部晚古生代(石炭—二叠纪)地层发育,为巨厚的暗色泥岩和碳酸盐岩,主体未遭受区域变质,具有较大的生烃潜力,是东北地区油气勘探的一个十分重要的新层系。
On the basis of lots of field investigation, region data analysis and previous researches, this article is mainly upheld by the theory of sedimentology, using the firsthand quantitative information which was obtained from the measured sections. And it was also based on the analysis of paleontology, petrology and sedimentary facies, Combined with the geochemical analysis of the source rock to predict the oil and gas prospect zone. The main cognitions and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1、According to the stratigraphic subregion and sedimentary type, it initially established 4 carboniferous-permian stratigraphic columns; meanwhile, the stratigraphic column in Aohan Qi of Chifeng city represents the stable deposits of the Northern China Block; the stratigraphic column in West Ujimqin and Linxi county represents the relatively stable intermediate massif and deposits after plate closed; the stratigraphic column in Ke'erqin(Horqin) Youyi Qianqi represents the activity deposits of the ocean trough; the stratigraphic column in Jalaid Qi represents the stable deposits of the southern Siberia plate.
2、According to the study of key fossils, it established 3 biological stratigraphic sequences based on the fusulinid, meanwhile, the stratigraphic framework of the region was roughly established comparing with the domestic and foreign strata to determine the stratigraphic age. Through the system of previous fossil acquisition, the new understanding of strata contrast are as follows:the fusulinid was first discovered in Aohan Qi, such as Eostaffella sp, Pseudostaffella and Profusulinella et al, which provides an important paleontology basis for the stratigraphic age and biological stratigraphic division and tectonic study, among which, a fusulinid combination in the early Carboniferous and two fusulinid combinations in the later Carboniferous has established, it is conducted that the time of the Northern China Block and Siberia plate close should be after Carboniferous; Four fossil combinations has established for Amushan Formation, which clear the sedimentary of the Xiaodushanzi Period to Longlin Period. The appearance of the Pseudoschwagerina—Sphaeroschwagerina combination is the beginning of the Permian. There are 2 fusulinid zones and 2 coral zones and 2 brachiopods in the Middle Permian. Through the contrast of the regional paleontology, it conducted that the Hinggan-Inner Mongolia trough developped from the Inner Mongolia to the central Jilin. The conchostracans was first discovered in Linxi Formation, such as Palaeolimnadia sp., Huanghestheria sp et al. The Huanghestheria—Cornia—Pemphicyclus zone was established and the Lixi Formation was divided into six lithologic sections. Taohaiyingzi Formation was equivalent to the fourth section of Linxi Formation and Lu D1 well to the fifth section. It is speculated that the regression begun from west to east, seawater allwithdrew from the Inner Mongolia and remained in central Jilin.
3、Many Late Paleozoic reefs have been discovered recently in Hinggan-Inner Mongolia area. There reefs are in different places and different positions, which are Baijiadian Formation, Benbatu Formation in West Ujimqin, Amushan Formation in West Ujimqin and Sijiashan-Liutiaogou Formation.. These reefs obviously possess broad scopes, distinctive features and developed reef-facies. They contained five reef-building communities and were constructed in four periods. Reefs with Colonial Coral-alga Combined Frames have been mainly discovered at Yangjiazhangzi and Jiadaogou of the Aohan Qi; Reefs with branchy Coral-Crinoid Combined Frames are mainly found at West Ujimqin; Reefs with bryozoan Frames are discovered in the Jalaid Qi. Strata of each reef-facies have a big thickness and contain rich asphalt remains. Overlapping and heteropic layers are constituted by huge thicknesses of dark oil-gas origin-rocks. Evidences prove that the working area has a excellent perspective of oil-gas exploration.
4、Based on 20 measured and observed outcrop sections, the rock types and sedimentary environments of the Carbon-Permian in the Central and Southern Grate Xing'an Ranges are studied, and the sedimentary model is recognized. It also identify Marine sedimentary environments in Later Carbonferious-Middle Permian. The platform is developped in the Marine sedimentary. The platform are divided into clastic rock platform and carbonate platform. The clastic rock platform are further divided into coarse clastic rock platform, shallow-water fine clastic rock platform and deep-water fine clastic rock platform. Carbonate platform can be divided into the ford, reef and open platform. It also identify slope sedimentary environments which representative deep-water basin. There are primarily slow slope in this area. Lacustrine facies are almost in Later Permian, which are divided into shore-shallow lacustrine and semi-deep lake facies. The semi-deep lake mudstone are developping in Linxin-Suolun area. The distribution of lake mudstone are spread under the Songliao Basin in NE-WS. As the result of dark mudstone can be good hydrocarbon source rocks, this formation can be the target zone for the future oil and gas exploration.
5、It initially identified that the strata rock in study area is mainly normal sedimentary rocks, continental clastic rocks, carbonate and pyroclastic rocks. The preliminary investigation indicates that it exists four source rock layers from carbonic to Permian in the area, from upper to lower including: Upper Permian, middle Permian, Upper carbonic-lower Permian and lower carboni. Among them, the Upper Permian (Linxi formation) and middle Permian (Wujiatun formation) spread widely in the area, the max monolayer thickness of the black muddy rock from which gets to several hundred meters and the accumulated thickness from several hundred meters to several kilometers. The organic carbonate under 0.6% for Linxi Formation and Wujiatun Formation are 51.20% -95.8% and 88.2% -92.3% differentially, 0.6% -0.91% and 0.78% -1.01% on average differentially; The content of sapropelitci group in Wujiatun Formation is about 60% , so the type of organic is typeⅡ2. The content of sapropelitci group in other Formation is under 50% , so the type of organic is typeⅢ. The Ro of Linxi Formation and Wujiatun Formation is 1.3% -2.0% and 1.0% -2.0% differentially, so the mudstone was high mature-over mature. The main organic geochemical indexes (the organic carbonate, the maturity and the type of kerogen) reflect the source rock from the two formations gets the rank of middle to good and has the potential of generating high mature gas, condensate gas and mature medium oil. In summary, the two formations are the main generating hydrocarbon layers in the Carbonate-Permian of the Songliao and peripheral area. In addition with the reservoir including reef flat limestone and the detrital sandstone in some formations of this area, they form the Paleo-source/Paleo-reservoir Typed reservoirs, which shows the good prospect of oil and gas resource.
The Later Paleozoic (Carbon-Permian) strata of this region are well developped with very thick and dark mudstone and carbonate. The main part of the Later paleozoic atrata did not undergo regional metamorphism. Oil-gas signs were discovered in some horizons of these strata. Thus, the Late Paleozoic marine strata in the Northeast China would possess great potential in oil-gas resources, being an important new layer for oil-gas exploration in the near future.
1、按地层分区和沉积类型,初步建立了4个石炭—二叠系标准柱,其中,赤峰市敖汉旗晚石炭世地层柱代表华北板块北缘的稳定型沉积；西乌珠穆沁旗晚石炭世—早二叠世和林西县晚二叠世的地层柱代表相对稳定的“中间地块”和板块闭合后的盆地堆积；科尔沁右翼前旗索伦至大石寨地区的二叠系地层柱为海槽活动型沉积；扎赉特旗和龙江县建立的中二叠世地层柱属西伯利亚板块南缘的稳定型沉积。
2、开展重点门类生物地层学的研究,以蜒类化石为主建立了3个地层分区的生物地层序列,同时与国内外地层相对比,大致确定了地层时代,建立了研究区地层格架；通过系统化石采集,对前人地层划分对比问题有了新认识：首次在赤峰地区下石炭统白家店组至上石炭统家道沟组发现蜒化石Eostaffella sp (始史塔夫蜒)、Pseudostaffella (假史塔夫蜒)、Profusulinella(原纺锤蜒)等,为确定地层时代和生物地层划分以及大地构造研究提供了重要的古生物依据,认为华北板块和西伯利亚板块闭合时间应在石炭纪以后,西拉木伦河断裂带在石炭纪活动不强烈,其中,下石炭统初步确立了1个蜒类化石组合,上石炭统下部2个蜒化石带,白家店组和家道沟组之间缺失罗苏阶；对阿木山组的蜒类化石进行了详细采集与系统研究,自下而上划分了4个化石带,明确了晚石炭世小独山子期至早二叠世隆林期的沉积,并以Pseudoschwagerina—Sphaeroschwagerina(假希瓦格蜒—球希瓦格蜒)组合带的首现即为二叠纪的开始；中二叠世中期自下而上可划分为2个蜒化石带,2个珊瑚带,和2个腕足类组合,并通过区域古生物地层对比,提出在中二叠世兴蒙海槽从内蒙中部哲斯地区一直发育到吉林中部,那时的海盆是相连的；在林西县官地剖面的林西组首次发现叶肢介化石Palaeolimnadia sp(古渔乡叶肢介),Huanghestheria sp(黄河叶肢介)等,建立叶肢介化石组合：Huanghestheria—Cornia—Pemphicyclus(黄河叶肢介—犄叶肢介—单疱叶肢介),并将林西组划分为6个岩性段,根据岩性组合和化石组合特征对比,认为陶海营子组相当于林西组上部四段,而在鲁D1井对应林西组五段；并通过古生物地层对比,推测晚二叠世海水从西往东退却,内蒙中部海水全部退出,在吉林中部残留部分海相。
3、在多个地点和层位发现发育完好的生物礁,对油气储集具有重要意义。本次野外发现的生物礁有四个层位和地点：敖汉旗的白家店组；西乌旗白音胡硕石灰窑的本巴图组；西乌旗米韩高巧高鲁的阿木山组及扎赉特旗四甲山组—柳条沟组。礁体特征明显、相带出露齐全。生物礁包括5种骨架类型和造礁群落,分属4个造礁期。敖汉旗—赤峰生物礁为早石炭世晚期群体珊瑚—钙藻联合造礁,属温暖浅海陆棚环境。西乌旗生物礁群体珊瑚—钙藻联合造礁、灰泥建隆和藻类造礁等,属温暖岛海环境的多种造礁类型,扎赉特旗生物礁属中二叠世晚期冷水浅海苔藓虫造礁。礁相地层各礁相带发育,岩石薄片中见有大量残余沥青；上覆地层和同期异相地层为巨厚的暗色岩系,证明该区域具有很好油气勘探远景。
4、通过对研究区20条野外地质剖面的实测和观察,对大兴安岭中南部地区石炭系—二叠系各地层单元的沉积相进行了划分和分析,总结出沉积模式,并编制了4个时期的岩相古地理图。研究区晚石炭世—中二叠世发育海相沉积,海相沉积发育台地沉积体系,台地分为碎屑岩台地和碳酸盐岩台地,碎屑岩台地又可进一步分为粗碎屑岩台地、较深水细碎屑岩台地等沉积类型；碳酸盐岩台地进一步划分为浅滩、礁和开阔台地等沉积类型；而代表深水沉积的盆地可划分出斜坡沉积单元,研究区主要以缓斜坡为主。晚二叠世以陆相湖泊相沉积为主,可划分为滨湖、浅湖和半深湖,从林西至索伦一带中部以半深湖—深湖相沉积为主,发育大套暗色泥岩；研究区地层受西拉木伦河断裂和二连—贺根山断裂控制,均呈近东西向或NEE向展布,可能贯穿松辽盆地覆盖区,并延伸到吉黑中东部。
5、初步查明研究区石炭—二叠系各套地层的主体岩石仍主要是正常沉积的浅海相或陆相碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩夹火山碎屑岩,未发生区域变质作用；在区域上发育4套源岩层,自上而下为：上二叠统、中二叠统、上石炭统—下二叠统、下石炭统。其中以上二叠统林西组和中二叠统吴家屯组的烃源岩单层和累计厚度大,区域分布广,其中林西组有机碳含量大于0.6％的样品51.20%—95.8％,平均含量为0.6％—0.91％；吴家屯组有机碳含量大于0.6％的样品占88.2%—92.3％,平均含量为0.78％—1.01％。吴家屯组烃源岩腐泥组含量在60％左右,为Ⅱ2型有机质,其他剖面腐泥组含量一般小于50%,划分为Ⅲ型有机质。林西组烃源岩Ro值在1.3％～2.0％之间,达到了高成熟阶段；吴家屯组(哲斯组)烃源岩Ro值在1.0％-2.0％之间,为成熟—高成熟阶段。根据有机质主要地化指标(有机碳、成熟度、干酪根类型)综合评价为中等—好烃源岩,具有生成高成熟天然气和凝析油气、成熟中质油等生烃潜力,是松辽及外围地区石炭—二叠系主力生烃层系,配合多套区域分布的碎屑砂岩或礁滩相储层,形成若干套“古生古储”的生储盖组合,具有良好的油气资源远景。
大兴安岭中南部晚古生代(石炭—二叠纪)地层发育,为巨厚的暗色泥岩和碳酸盐岩,主体未遭受区域变质,具有较大的生烃潜力,是东北地区油气勘探的一个十分重要的新层系。
On the basis of lots of field investigation, region data analysis and previous researches, this article is mainly upheld by the theory of sedimentology, using the firsthand quantitative information which was obtained from the measured sections. And it was also based on the analysis of paleontology, petrology and sedimentary facies, Combined with the geochemical analysis of the source rock to predict the oil and gas prospect zone. The main cognitions and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1、According to the stratigraphic subregion and sedimentary type, it initially established 4 carboniferous-permian stratigraphic columns; meanwhile, the stratigraphic column in Aohan Qi of Chifeng city represents the stable deposits of the Northern China Block; the stratigraphic column in West Ujimqin and Linxi county represents the relatively stable intermediate massif and deposits after plate closed; the stratigraphic column in Ke'erqin(Horqin) Youyi Qianqi represents the activity deposits of the ocean trough; the stratigraphic column in Jalaid Qi represents the stable deposits of the southern Siberia plate.
2、According to the study of key fossils, it established 3 biological stratigraphic sequences based on the fusulinid, meanwhile, the stratigraphic framework of the region was roughly established comparing with the domestic and foreign strata to determine the stratigraphic age. Through the system of previous fossil acquisition, the new understanding of strata contrast are as follows:the fusulinid was first discovered in Aohan Qi, such as Eostaffella sp, Pseudostaffella and Profusulinella et al, which provides an important paleontology basis for the stratigraphic age and biological stratigraphic division and tectonic study, among which, a fusulinid combination in the early Carboniferous and two fusulinid combinations in the later Carboniferous has established, it is conducted that the time of the Northern China Block and Siberia plate close should be after Carboniferous; Four fossil combinations has established for Amushan Formation, which clear the sedimentary of the Xiaodushanzi Period to Longlin Period. The appearance of the Pseudoschwagerina—Sphaeroschwagerina combination is the beginning of the Permian. There are 2 fusulinid zones and 2 coral zones and 2 brachiopods in the Middle Permian. Through the contrast of the regional paleontology, it conducted that the Hinggan-Inner Mongolia trough developped from the Inner Mongolia to the central Jilin. The conchostracans was first discovered in Linxi Formation, such as Palaeolimnadia sp., Huanghestheria sp et al. The Huanghestheria—Cornia—Pemphicyclus zone was established and the Lixi Formation was divided into six lithologic sections. Taohaiyingzi Formation was equivalent to the fourth section of Linxi Formation and Lu D1 well to the fifth section. It is speculated that the regression begun from west to east, seawater allwithdrew from the Inner Mongolia and remained in central Jilin.
3、Many Late Paleozoic reefs have been discovered recently in Hinggan-Inner Mongolia area. There reefs are in different places and different positions, which are Baijiadian Formation, Benbatu Formation in West Ujimqin, Amushan Formation in West Ujimqin and Sijiashan-Liutiaogou Formation.. These reefs obviously possess broad scopes, distinctive features and developed reef-facies. They contained five reef-building communities and were constructed in four periods. Reefs with Colonial Coral-alga Combined Frames have been mainly discovered at Yangjiazhangzi and Jiadaogou of the Aohan Qi; Reefs with branchy Coral-Crinoid Combined Frames are mainly found at West Ujimqin; Reefs with bryozoan Frames are discovered in the Jalaid Qi. Strata of each reef-facies have a big thickness and contain rich asphalt remains. Overlapping and heteropic layers are constituted by huge thicknesses of dark oil-gas origin-rocks. Evidences prove that the working area has a excellent perspective of oil-gas exploration.
4、Based on 20 measured and observed outcrop sections, the rock types and sedimentary environments of the Carbon-Permian in the Central and Southern Grate Xing'an Ranges are studied, and the sedimentary model is recognized. It also identify Marine sedimentary environments in Later Carbonferious-Middle Permian. The platform is developped in the Marine sedimentary. The platform are divided into clastic rock platform and carbonate platform. The clastic rock platform are further divided into coarse clastic rock platform, shallow-water fine clastic rock platform and deep-water fine clastic rock platform. Carbonate platform can be divided into the ford, reef and open platform. It also identify slope sedimentary environments which representative deep-water basin. There are primarily slow slope in this area. Lacustrine facies are almost in Later Permian, which are divided into shore-shallow lacustrine and semi-deep lake facies. The semi-deep lake mudstone are developping in Linxin-Suolun area. The distribution of lake mudstone are spread under the Songliao Basin in NE-WS. As the result of dark mudstone can be good hydrocarbon source rocks, this formation can be the target zone for the future oil and gas exploration.
5、It initially identified that the strata rock in study area is mainly normal sedimentary rocks, continental clastic rocks, carbonate and pyroclastic rocks. The preliminary investigation indicates that it exists four source rock layers from carbonic to Permian in the area, from upper to lower including: Upper Permian, middle Permian, Upper carbonic-lower Permian and lower carboni. Among them, the Upper Permian (Linxi formation) and middle Permian (Wujiatun formation) spread widely in the area, the max monolayer thickness of the black muddy rock from which gets to several hundred meters and the accumulated thickness from several hundred meters to several kilometers. The organic carbonate under 0.6% for Linxi Formation and Wujiatun Formation are 51.20% -95.8% and 88.2% -92.3% differentially, 0.6% -0.91% and 0.78% -1.01% on average differentially; The content of sapropelitci group in Wujiatun Formation is about 60% , so the type of organic is typeⅡ2. The content of sapropelitci group in other Formation is under 50% , so the type of organic is typeⅢ. The Ro of Linxi Formation and Wujiatun Formation is 1.3% -2.0% and 1.0% -2.0% differentially, so the mudstone was high mature-over mature. The main organic geochemical indexes (the organic carbonate, the maturity and the type of kerogen) reflect the source rock from the two formations gets the rank of middle to good and has the potential of generating high mature gas, condensate gas and mature medium oil. In summary, the two formations are the main generating hydrocarbon layers in the Carbonate-Permian of the Songliao and peripheral area. In addition with the reservoir including reef flat limestone and the detrital sandstone in some formations of this area, they form the Paleo-source/Paleo-reservoir Typed reservoirs, which shows the good prospect of oil and gas resource.
The Later Paleozoic (Carbon-Permian) strata of this region are well developped with very thick and dark mudstone and carbonate. The main part of the Later paleozoic atrata did not undergo regional metamorphism. Oil-gas signs were discovered in some horizons of these strata. Thus, the Late Paleozoic marine strata in the Northeast China would possess great potential in oil-gas resources, being an important new layer for oil-gas exploration in the near future.
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