储层微观剩余油分析技术开发与应用研究
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摘要
本文针对微观剩余油分析,开发研制了冷冻制片、荧光显微镜剩余油分析、激光共聚焦乳化油和剩余油分析配套技术,实现了保持岩心样品孔隙结构内油、水、岩原始状态的制备要求；通过优化光路系统后的荧光显微镜,使油水界面区分清晰,分辨率提高10倍以上；通过自主设计开发的剩余油分析软件实现了对油水比、剩余油类型和分布状态、剩余油含量等参数进行量化分析；通过激光共聚焦分波段检测和多层断层扫描,实现了对孔隙内微观剩余油三维检测、量化识别原油轻重比以及不同原油组份与岩石表面粘土矿物的接触关系、三元复合驱后原油乳化程度与微观剩余油分布的关系。以上技术申报三项国家发明专利,撰写三项企业标准(均为第一完成人)
采用以上研发的新技术,以大庆长垣萨北-北二区中高渗和榆树林区低-特低渗砂岩储层为应用研究目标区,进行大量分析测试。详细研究了储层孔渗特征、孔隙中粘土矿物特征、孔隙结构特征、原油的乳化特征,对高渗和低-特低渗储层中微观剩余油类型进行详细分类。根据目标区储层孔隙结构特征建立孔隙尺度数学模型,模拟不同配位数样品的孔隙内流体速度场变化和剩余油分布关系。揭示了油层不同水洗程度与剩余油类型、孔隙结构与剩余油类型、孔隙结构与沉积相和成岩作用、水洗程度与粘土矿物、粘土矿物与剩余油类型、水洗程度与原油轻重比、原油乳化程度与剩余油和采收率的关系。
激光共聚焦剩余油分析和冷冻制片荧光显微镜分析技术是剩余油研究的重要新技术手段,适用于从高孔渗到特低孔渗的不同类型储层中剩余油的研究,在大庆油田代表性区块中应用效果明显,因此预计在其它油田开发中具有推广应用价值。
In order to study the mode of occurrence and law of Remaining oil of water flooding and polymer flooding different physical properties reservoir of Daqing oil field, and the view of quantitative and high-resolution visualization of remaining oil from the microscopic point, identify the micro control factors of remaining oil, the article based on the independent research and development of confocal laser, fluorescence microscope, cast body image analysis technology as the core. Combined with scanning electron microscopy, petrophysical property analysis and mip analysis in daqing oil field experimental method pizza north-north two regions with high permeability reservoirs, elm forest areas low-super low permeable reservoirs, a detailed study of the different permeability core pore structure characteristics and washing of remaining oil in the process of change, micro types and mode of occurrence, water flooding and crude oil weight ratio relations and the different pore structure and the permeability of the fluid velocity field pore distribution characters, and oil emulsiflcation phenomenon after asp flooding produced to the influence of remaining oil distribution and recovery obtains the following results:
Developed the full spectrum fluorescence microscopy technique of frozen core grinding slice oil-water rock, laser scanning confocal microscope detection of remaining oil, microscopic three-dimensional reconstruction of the remaining oil, and formed a mature detection supporting means of microscopic distribution of remaining oil. Declared three state invention patent that include the analysis method of emulsifying crude oil emulsion confocal laser, the flooding model of the real core observation in constantly and a kind of method that oil multi-gas process of observe the real core. Wrote four enterprise standards that the digital image analysis for the hole of core and crack analysis, the method of confocal laser for crude oil emulsion analysis and microscopic residual oil distribution.
Developed a set of software that for fluorescence image analysis of micro residual oil to reach the technical target of microscopic high resolution clear distinction and quantitative identification remaining oil-water rock, visual observation of three-dimensional distribution, quantitative proportion of crude oil light and heavy components.
By core test of Sabei and Yushulin peripherals low permeability reservoir, the micro-remaining oil in the Daqing oil field is divided into 3 categories of 10 subclasses occurrence, bound state, semi-bound state, free state. Bound state 3 categories:pore surface sheet film, adsorption-like particles, slit-like; half-bound states of three types:corner-shaped, throat-shaped, pore center of precipitation; free state in 4 categories:cluster, state within the grain, adsorption-like between the grain, light mist. Established mature corporate standards remaining oil experiments of Daqing oil field.
Simulated real core with different pore structure by Multi-physics modeling software, Simulated velocity variation of different coordination number core samples with different pore structure of the image method. Found that the high velocity concentrated in a narrow throat, when the relatively low coordination number (equal to 3) and better connectivity,the velocity differentiation low, may drive more the remaining oil; when coordination number increased (> 4-5) and better connectivity, the high-velocity concentrated in a relatively wide throat, the velocity differentiation high, may remain more remaining oil. Reservoir heterogeneity is stronger, finer grain size, the higher the coordination number, the more reservoir oil.
Found that the certain relationship between clay mineral type and displacement efficiency of water flooding, not only the total amount of clay in oil reservoir after water flooding has a certain downward trend, and a certain regularity of different clay changes, illite and illite/ smectite mixed layer content down the fastest, then for chlorite, kaolinite again, displacement order of clay minerals, illite and illite/smectite mixed-layer, chlorite, kaolinite. With illite and illite/smectite mixed-layer more conducive to higher oil water flooding.
Core test results of site inspection wells show that the extent of crude oil displacement controlled by rock physical properties, and good physical area, a high degree of displacement, throat width of the distribution is concentrated in the 15-25 micron oil, oil displacement efficiency.
Flooding conditions and displacement efficiency studies have shown that proportion of Crude oil light and heavy components in high permeability reservoirs had no obvious relation with the flooding conditions, with the degree of flooding and displacement increases, reducing the proportion of light component is not obvious; but proportion of crude oil light and heavy components in low-super low permeability reservoir had a certain relationship with the degree of flooding conditions, with the degree of flooding and displacement increases, the proportion of light components were less obvious, heavy component was significantly increased.
Oil emulsion after the asp flooding produced,there are correspondence in emulsion type and emulsion liquid viscosity, the average grain and diameter emulsion liquid viscosity among them, the more smaller with emulsion average particle size distribution, the more concentrated it will and the viscosity will more higher,and to these pore play a quite sealing role,thus to spread influence about oil flow of adjacent pore, for homogeneous reservoir, as the increaseof emulsion liquid viscosity, the recovery have reduce, for Heterogeneity of reservoir, as the increaseof emulsion liquid viscosity, the recovery have increase.
The experiment of remaining oil shows that:still have considerable remaining oil has not been taken out after the water flooding and the tertiary recovery,the moving of each layer of remaining oil and the rate of recoverable remaining oil can also have a large improvement by the development of new technology, it is great significance to the continued development of oil fields and China's energy strategy.
采用以上研发的新技术,以大庆长垣萨北-北二区中高渗和榆树林区低-特低渗砂岩储层为应用研究目标区,进行大量分析测试。详细研究了储层孔渗特征、孔隙中粘土矿物特征、孔隙结构特征、原油的乳化特征,对高渗和低-特低渗储层中微观剩余油类型进行详细分类。根据目标区储层孔隙结构特征建立孔隙尺度数学模型,模拟不同配位数样品的孔隙内流体速度场变化和剩余油分布关系。揭示了油层不同水洗程度与剩余油类型、孔隙结构与剩余油类型、孔隙结构与沉积相和成岩作用、水洗程度与粘土矿物、粘土矿物与剩余油类型、水洗程度与原油轻重比、原油乳化程度与剩余油和采收率的关系。
激光共聚焦剩余油分析和冷冻制片荧光显微镜分析技术是剩余油研究的重要新技术手段,适用于从高孔渗到特低孔渗的不同类型储层中剩余油的研究,在大庆油田代表性区块中应用效果明显,因此预计在其它油田开发中具有推广应用价值。
In order to study the mode of occurrence and law of Remaining oil of water flooding and polymer flooding different physical properties reservoir of Daqing oil field, and the view of quantitative and high-resolution visualization of remaining oil from the microscopic point, identify the micro control factors of remaining oil, the article based on the independent research and development of confocal laser, fluorescence microscope, cast body image analysis technology as the core. Combined with scanning electron microscopy, petrophysical property analysis and mip analysis in daqing oil field experimental method pizza north-north two regions with high permeability reservoirs, elm forest areas low-super low permeable reservoirs, a detailed study of the different permeability core pore structure characteristics and washing of remaining oil in the process of change, micro types and mode of occurrence, water flooding and crude oil weight ratio relations and the different pore structure and the permeability of the fluid velocity field pore distribution characters, and oil emulsiflcation phenomenon after asp flooding produced to the influence of remaining oil distribution and recovery obtains the following results:
Developed the full spectrum fluorescence microscopy technique of frozen core grinding slice oil-water rock, laser scanning confocal microscope detection of remaining oil, microscopic three-dimensional reconstruction of the remaining oil, and formed a mature detection supporting means of microscopic distribution of remaining oil. Declared three state invention patent that include the analysis method of emulsifying crude oil emulsion confocal laser, the flooding model of the real core observation in constantly and a kind of method that oil multi-gas process of observe the real core. Wrote four enterprise standards that the digital image analysis for the hole of core and crack analysis, the method of confocal laser for crude oil emulsion analysis and microscopic residual oil distribution.
Developed a set of software that for fluorescence image analysis of micro residual oil to reach the technical target of microscopic high resolution clear distinction and quantitative identification remaining oil-water rock, visual observation of three-dimensional distribution, quantitative proportion of crude oil light and heavy components.
By core test of Sabei and Yushulin peripherals low permeability reservoir, the micro-remaining oil in the Daqing oil field is divided into 3 categories of 10 subclasses occurrence, bound state, semi-bound state, free state. Bound state 3 categories:pore surface sheet film, adsorption-like particles, slit-like; half-bound states of three types:corner-shaped, throat-shaped, pore center of precipitation; free state in 4 categories:cluster, state within the grain, adsorption-like between the grain, light mist. Established mature corporate standards remaining oil experiments of Daqing oil field.
Simulated real core with different pore structure by Multi-physics modeling software, Simulated velocity variation of different coordination number core samples with different pore structure of the image method. Found that the high velocity concentrated in a narrow throat, when the relatively low coordination number (equal to 3) and better connectivity,the velocity differentiation low, may drive more the remaining oil; when coordination number increased (> 4-5) and better connectivity, the high-velocity concentrated in a relatively wide throat, the velocity differentiation high, may remain more remaining oil. Reservoir heterogeneity is stronger, finer grain size, the higher the coordination number, the more reservoir oil.
Found that the certain relationship between clay mineral type and displacement efficiency of water flooding, not only the total amount of clay in oil reservoir after water flooding has a certain downward trend, and a certain regularity of different clay changes, illite and illite/ smectite mixed layer content down the fastest, then for chlorite, kaolinite again, displacement order of clay minerals, illite and illite/smectite mixed-layer, chlorite, kaolinite. With illite and illite/smectite mixed-layer more conducive to higher oil water flooding.
Core test results of site inspection wells show that the extent of crude oil displacement controlled by rock physical properties, and good physical area, a high degree of displacement, throat width of the distribution is concentrated in the 15-25 micron oil, oil displacement efficiency.
Flooding conditions and displacement efficiency studies have shown that proportion of Crude oil light and heavy components in high permeability reservoirs had no obvious relation with the flooding conditions, with the degree of flooding and displacement increases, reducing the proportion of light component is not obvious; but proportion of crude oil light and heavy components in low-super low permeability reservoir had a certain relationship with the degree of flooding conditions, with the degree of flooding and displacement increases, the proportion of light components were less obvious, heavy component was significantly increased.
Oil emulsion after the asp flooding produced,there are correspondence in emulsion type and emulsion liquid viscosity, the average grain and diameter emulsion liquid viscosity among them, the more smaller with emulsion average particle size distribution, the more concentrated it will and the viscosity will more higher,and to these pore play a quite sealing role,thus to spread influence about oil flow of adjacent pore, for homogeneous reservoir, as the increaseof emulsion liquid viscosity, the recovery have reduce, for Heterogeneity of reservoir, as the increaseof emulsion liquid viscosity, the recovery have increase.
The experiment of remaining oil shows that:still have considerable remaining oil has not been taken out after the water flooding and the tertiary recovery,the moving of each layer of remaining oil and the rate of recoverable remaining oil can also have a large improvement by the development of new technology, it is great significance to the continued development of oil fields and China's energy strategy.
引文
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