低渗透煤层气开采的热—流—固耦合作用机理及应用研究
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摘要
我国煤层气资源储量丰富,但绝大部分储层具有“高储低渗”的特点,严重制约我国煤层气工业的发展。如何提高低渗透煤层的渗透率从而提高开采煤层气经济效益,是煤层气开采研究中的热点和难点。本文基于多孔介质弹性力学、渗流力学、热力学等理论,系统研究了温度影响下煤层中气体赋存运移变化规律,建立了包含煤层变形、气体扩散渗流、气体吸附以及温度效应的热-流-固多场耦合数学模型,并将模型应用到注热强化和注气驱替开采煤层气工程实践中,主要得到以下研究成果:
(1)研究得到了气体吸附常数与温度之间的关系,建立了温度与气体压力共同作用下的吸附方程。针对煤的裂隙-孔隙结构特征,建立了包含温度效应的双重孔隙渗透率动态变化方程。在此基础上分别建立了煤体变形控制方程、气体运移控制方程、温度场控制方程。联立上述方程得到了包含煤层变形、气体渗流、气体吸附以及温度效应的热-流-固多场耦合数学模型。
(2)以煤层气开采为背景,利用COMSOL Multiphysics对热-流-固耦合数学模型进行了数值求解。结果表明:煤层的温度直接影响煤层气的产出速率,温度越高,煤层气开采效率越高;煤层地应力越大,其渗透率越低,煤层气开采效率越低;煤的弹性模量越小,煤层气开采效率越高;煤层中裂隙间距越小,煤层气开采效率越高;煤的弹性模量衰减率Rm越小,煤层的渗透率越大,煤层气开采效率越高。
(3)将热-流-固耦合数学模型应用到注热开采煤层气中,建立三维数值模型模拟和分析了注热对煤层气产出速率、孔隙压力分布、渗透率变化的影响。研究发现提高煤层温度,可以促进气体解吸作用的进行、提高煤层的渗透率,从而提高煤层气开采效率。
(4)研究了二元气体竞争吸附下煤层渗透率的动态变化规律,建立了在煤层中注CO2驱替CH4的热-流-固耦合数学模型,并对该模型进行了数值求解。通过将求解结果与实验结果对比,证明了该耦合模型的正确性。
(5)以沁水盆地煤层气增产试验为工程背景,利用所建的热-流-固耦合数学模型对CO2驱替CH4进行了模拟研究。模拟结果与现场试验数据吻合,表明在煤层中注入CO2能有效提高煤层气的产量。结果还显示若提高温度和注气压力可进一步增强CO2驱替CH4的效果。
该论文有图116幅,表20个,参考文献140篇。
The storage of coal bed methane (CBM) is rich in our country. At present, the characteristics of "abundance CBM reservoir with low permeability" has restricted the development of Chinese CBM industry a lot. Therefore, aiming to improve the economic benefits of CBM exploitation, improving the permeability of coal bed becomes an important and difficult topic for CBM exploitation. According to theory of porous medium elasticity mechanics, seepage mechanics and thermodynamics, this dissertation systematically studied the occurrence migration law of CBM under temperature effects. The coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) mathematical model including coal deformation, gas diffusion, gas seepage, gas adsorption and temperature effects has been established. The model has been used in the engineering practices of heat injection and enhances coal bed methane (ECBM), the following conclusions are obtained:
(1) The relationship between temperature and adsorption constants can be obtained through the experimental data, thereby the adsorption equation under temperature and pressure is developed. Permeability model including the temperature effects is developed for the structural feature of fracture and matrix system.On that basis, the equations including coal deformation equation, seepage equation and temperature field governing equation are developed respectively for dual porosity media, Simultaneous above equations won the THM multiphysics coupled mathematical model.
(2) The coupled THM control equations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics, having CBM exploitation as the background. It can be found that the temperature of coal can influence the production rate of CBM directly. The higher temperature of coal seam the higher production rate of CBM. In-situ stress can lessen the production rate of CBM by lowering the permeability. The smaller elastics modulus of coal seams the higher production rate of CBM. The smaller space of coal fractures the higher CBM exploration efficiency. The smaller modulus reduction ratio the faster gas output rate since it can enhance the permeability.
(3) Three-dimensional physical model has been established by appling the THM coupled mathematical model to CBM exploitation, and then the impacts on production rate, pressure and permeability have been analyzed since injecting heat to the coal seam. It can be found that improving injection temperature can promote process of gas desorption and permeability of coal bed, consequently improve production rate of CBM.
(4) Dynamic permeability model of coal bed has been researched under systerm of dual gas with competition adsorption effect, the coupled THM equations for CO2-ECBM are developed and been numerically solved. Correctness and rationality of the coupled model has been verified compared with experiment results.
(5) The coupled THM equations are used to simulate the processing of CO2-ECBM in Qinshui CBM field. The simulation results are consistent with in-situ test data, demonstrate that CO2 injection can improve the production of CH4. Studies indicate that increase the temperature and the injection pressure are all contributing to increase production of CH4.
(1)研究得到了气体吸附常数与温度之间的关系,建立了温度与气体压力共同作用下的吸附方程。针对煤的裂隙-孔隙结构特征,建立了包含温度效应的双重孔隙渗透率动态变化方程。在此基础上分别建立了煤体变形控制方程、气体运移控制方程、温度场控制方程。联立上述方程得到了包含煤层变形、气体渗流、气体吸附以及温度效应的热-流-固多场耦合数学模型。
(2)以煤层气开采为背景,利用COMSOL Multiphysics对热-流-固耦合数学模型进行了数值求解。结果表明:煤层的温度直接影响煤层气的产出速率,温度越高,煤层气开采效率越高;煤层地应力越大,其渗透率越低,煤层气开采效率越低;煤的弹性模量越小,煤层气开采效率越高;煤层中裂隙间距越小,煤层气开采效率越高;煤的弹性模量衰减率Rm越小,煤层的渗透率越大,煤层气开采效率越高。
(3)将热-流-固耦合数学模型应用到注热开采煤层气中,建立三维数值模型模拟和分析了注热对煤层气产出速率、孔隙压力分布、渗透率变化的影响。研究发现提高煤层温度,可以促进气体解吸作用的进行、提高煤层的渗透率,从而提高煤层气开采效率。
(4)研究了二元气体竞争吸附下煤层渗透率的动态变化规律,建立了在煤层中注CO2驱替CH4的热-流-固耦合数学模型,并对该模型进行了数值求解。通过将求解结果与实验结果对比,证明了该耦合模型的正确性。
(5)以沁水盆地煤层气增产试验为工程背景,利用所建的热-流-固耦合数学模型对CO2驱替CH4进行了模拟研究。模拟结果与现场试验数据吻合,表明在煤层中注入CO2能有效提高煤层气的产量。结果还显示若提高温度和注气压力可进一步增强CO2驱替CH4的效果。
该论文有图116幅,表20个,参考文献140篇。
The storage of coal bed methane (CBM) is rich in our country. At present, the characteristics of "abundance CBM reservoir with low permeability" has restricted the development of Chinese CBM industry a lot. Therefore, aiming to improve the economic benefits of CBM exploitation, improving the permeability of coal bed becomes an important and difficult topic for CBM exploitation. According to theory of porous medium elasticity mechanics, seepage mechanics and thermodynamics, this dissertation systematically studied the occurrence migration law of CBM under temperature effects. The coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) mathematical model including coal deformation, gas diffusion, gas seepage, gas adsorption and temperature effects has been established. The model has been used in the engineering practices of heat injection and enhances coal bed methane (ECBM), the following conclusions are obtained:
(1) The relationship between temperature and adsorption constants can be obtained through the experimental data, thereby the adsorption equation under temperature and pressure is developed. Permeability model including the temperature effects is developed for the structural feature of fracture and matrix system.On that basis, the equations including coal deformation equation, seepage equation and temperature field governing equation are developed respectively for dual porosity media, Simultaneous above equations won the THM multiphysics coupled mathematical model.
(2) The coupled THM control equations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics, having CBM exploitation as the background. It can be found that the temperature of coal can influence the production rate of CBM directly. The higher temperature of coal seam the higher production rate of CBM. In-situ stress can lessen the production rate of CBM by lowering the permeability. The smaller elastics modulus of coal seams the higher production rate of CBM. The smaller space of coal fractures the higher CBM exploration efficiency. The smaller modulus reduction ratio the faster gas output rate since it can enhance the permeability.
(3) Three-dimensional physical model has been established by appling the THM coupled mathematical model to CBM exploitation, and then the impacts on production rate, pressure and permeability have been analyzed since injecting heat to the coal seam. It can be found that improving injection temperature can promote process of gas desorption and permeability of coal bed, consequently improve production rate of CBM.
(4) Dynamic permeability model of coal bed has been researched under systerm of dual gas with competition adsorption effect, the coupled THM equations for CO2-ECBM are developed and been numerically solved. Correctness and rationality of the coupled model has been verified compared with experiment results.
(5) The coupled THM equations are used to simulate the processing of CO2-ECBM in Qinshui CBM field. The simulation results are consistent with in-situ test data, demonstrate that CO2 injection can improve the production of CH4. Studies indicate that increase the temperature and the injection pressure are all contributing to increase production of CH4.
引文
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