东营凹陷古近系孔一段—沙四下亚段碎屑岩沉积特征与成因研究
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摘要
东营凹陷位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷的南部,是渤海湾盆地的富油气凹陷。在孔一—沙四下时期发育了一套以红色碎屑岩沉积为主的地层。近年来这一层位相继发现了多处工业油气流,因而被视为油气勘探的接替层系。然而由于勘探资料的局限性,前人对这套地层的研究程度还较低,尤其是对沉积物成因这类沉积学研究的基本问题还认识不深,这大大影响了对盆地沉积结构的全面理解和分析,所以当前开展具有前导性质的沉积物成因类型研究就显得十分必要。
本文以凹陷内孔一—沙四下的碎屑岩沉积作为研究对象,结合岩心、测井、录井和古生物等资料,采用多种分析测试手段,对凹陷内沉积物的成因类型展开细致和深入的研究,并且探讨了不同成因沉积物的生储盖性质。
按地质营力类型,本文将沉积物分为水成沉积和风成沉积。从岩石的岩性特征、沉积构造、粒度分布和测井特征等方面入手,建立了凹陷内各类水成沉积物成因类型的识别标志,为全面开展水成沉积物研究提供了依据。研究发现,东营凹陷孔一—沙四下时期发育的水成沉积物主要是洪积物、湖积物和混合成因沉积物类型,洪积物可以进一步分为泥石流沉积、暂时性河道沉积和片流沉积。这些沉积物往往并不是孤立存在的,而是按一定的时空配置关系,形成组合,主要有洪积物类型组合、湖积物类型组合和洪积—湖积物类型组合。
通过沉积构造、粒度、矿物成分、主要元素分析、稀土元素分析、石英颗粒表面结构分析等方法识别出风成沉积物的存在,这是我国东部地区始新世首次发现的风成沉积。识别出的风成沉积物包括风成砂岩和风尘沉积。
本文还对不同成因类型的沉积物及其组合的生储盖性质做了分析,认为发育在洪积物类型组合或洪积—湖积物类型组合过渡带中的暂时性河道沉积储集性能最好。在泥质岩盖层性质对比中发现,水流改造的次生泥质岩的储层性能要优于风成泥质岩。进一步的分析表明,两类不同成因的泥质岩在颗粒粒径分布上有较大差别,而且盖层性质与泥质岩中粘土和粉砂颗粒含量密切相关。在研究中为了解决红色泥质岩粒度测试的问题,提出了一种红色泥质岩粒度分析的新方法。
Dongying Depression, located in the south of Jiyang Depression in Bohaiwan Basin, is one of the petroliferous depressions in Bohaiwan Basin. There developed a set of strata mainly consisting of red clastic sediments during the period of the lower the fourth member of Shahejie Formation and the first member of Kongdian Formation in Dongying Depression. In recent years, industrial oil and gas flow has been successively found in many parts of this set of strata, indicating that this set of strata is an alternative one in oil-gas exploration in Dongying Depression. However, due to the limitations of the exploration data, previous researches on this set of strata are far from being enough, especially in the knowledge of some basic problems concerning the origin of sediments, which greatly influences the comprehensive understanding and analysis of sedimentary structures of the basin. Under such circumstances, it is very necessary to carry a basic research on the origin types of sediments.
This thesis focuses on studying clastic rocks in Dongying Depression. By employing a large number of data of cores, logging and paleontology, etc., and adopting many testing and analytic techniques, the thesis carries a thorough and detailed research on the origin types of sediments in this depression and then explores the reservoir properties of the sediments of different origin types.
The thesis classifies clasitc sediments into two types: aqueous sediments and aeolian sediments by the types of geological agents. Starting from the analysis of the rock properties, sedimentary structures, grain size distribution, logging characteristics and other aspects of clastic rocks, the thesis establishes the identification signs of origin types for aqueous sediments in Dongying Depression, thus providing the basis for the extensive research of aqueous sediments. The research result shows that the aqueous sediments formed in Dongying Depression during the period of the lower the fourth member of Shahejie Formation and the first member of Kongdian Formation, mainly consists of proluvial sediments, lacustrine sediments and sediments of mixed origin types. And proluvial sediments can be further divided into debris-flow sediments, temporary river sediments and sheet flow sediments. These sediments exist not in isolation, but in combination according to a certain assemblage. The combination types mainly include the combination of proluvial sediments, the combination of proluvial sediments and lacustrine sediments, and the combination of lacustrine sediments.
Through the analysis of sedimentary structures, grain size, mineral components, main elements, rare earth elements, surface textures of quartz grains and other aspects of clastic sediments, this thesis identifies the existence of aeolian sediments which is the first time to be found in the eastern parts of China of the Eocene. Moreover, this thesis further identifies that aeolian sediments can be divided into two types: aeolian sandstones and aeolian dust sediments.
This thesis further analyzes the reservoir properties of the sediments of different origin types and their combinations, and holds that the reservoir properties of temporary river sediments formed in the combination of proluvial sediments or in the transition section of the combination of proluvial sediments and lacustrine sediments are the best. During the comparison of sealing capacity of mudstones, the thesis finds that the reservoir properties of the secondary mudstones reworked by water currents are better than those of aeolian mudstones. Further analysis shows that the grain size distribution of these two types of mudstones is quite different and also shows that the sealing capacity is closely related to the contents of clay grains and silt grains. In order to solve the problem concerning the grain size tests of red mudstones, this thesis presents a new method for analyzing the grain size of red mudstones.
本文以凹陷内孔一—沙四下的碎屑岩沉积作为研究对象,结合岩心、测井、录井和古生物等资料,采用多种分析测试手段,对凹陷内沉积物的成因类型展开细致和深入的研究,并且探讨了不同成因沉积物的生储盖性质。
按地质营力类型,本文将沉积物分为水成沉积和风成沉积。从岩石的岩性特征、沉积构造、粒度分布和测井特征等方面入手,建立了凹陷内各类水成沉积物成因类型的识别标志,为全面开展水成沉积物研究提供了依据。研究发现,东营凹陷孔一—沙四下时期发育的水成沉积物主要是洪积物、湖积物和混合成因沉积物类型,洪积物可以进一步分为泥石流沉积、暂时性河道沉积和片流沉积。这些沉积物往往并不是孤立存在的,而是按一定的时空配置关系,形成组合,主要有洪积物类型组合、湖积物类型组合和洪积—湖积物类型组合。
通过沉积构造、粒度、矿物成分、主要元素分析、稀土元素分析、石英颗粒表面结构分析等方法识别出风成沉积物的存在,这是我国东部地区始新世首次发现的风成沉积。识别出的风成沉积物包括风成砂岩和风尘沉积。
本文还对不同成因类型的沉积物及其组合的生储盖性质做了分析,认为发育在洪积物类型组合或洪积—湖积物类型组合过渡带中的暂时性河道沉积储集性能最好。在泥质岩盖层性质对比中发现,水流改造的次生泥质岩的储层性能要优于风成泥质岩。进一步的分析表明,两类不同成因的泥质岩在颗粒粒径分布上有较大差别,而且盖层性质与泥质岩中粘土和粉砂颗粒含量密切相关。在研究中为了解决红色泥质岩粒度测试的问题,提出了一种红色泥质岩粒度分析的新方法。
Dongying Depression, located in the south of Jiyang Depression in Bohaiwan Basin, is one of the petroliferous depressions in Bohaiwan Basin. There developed a set of strata mainly consisting of red clastic sediments during the period of the lower the fourth member of Shahejie Formation and the first member of Kongdian Formation in Dongying Depression. In recent years, industrial oil and gas flow has been successively found in many parts of this set of strata, indicating that this set of strata is an alternative one in oil-gas exploration in Dongying Depression. However, due to the limitations of the exploration data, previous researches on this set of strata are far from being enough, especially in the knowledge of some basic problems concerning the origin of sediments, which greatly influences the comprehensive understanding and analysis of sedimentary structures of the basin. Under such circumstances, it is very necessary to carry a basic research on the origin types of sediments.
This thesis focuses on studying clastic rocks in Dongying Depression. By employing a large number of data of cores, logging and paleontology, etc., and adopting many testing and analytic techniques, the thesis carries a thorough and detailed research on the origin types of sediments in this depression and then explores the reservoir properties of the sediments of different origin types.
The thesis classifies clasitc sediments into two types: aqueous sediments and aeolian sediments by the types of geological agents. Starting from the analysis of the rock properties, sedimentary structures, grain size distribution, logging characteristics and other aspects of clastic rocks, the thesis establishes the identification signs of origin types for aqueous sediments in Dongying Depression, thus providing the basis for the extensive research of aqueous sediments. The research result shows that the aqueous sediments formed in Dongying Depression during the period of the lower the fourth member of Shahejie Formation and the first member of Kongdian Formation, mainly consists of proluvial sediments, lacustrine sediments and sediments of mixed origin types. And proluvial sediments can be further divided into debris-flow sediments, temporary river sediments and sheet flow sediments. These sediments exist not in isolation, but in combination according to a certain assemblage. The combination types mainly include the combination of proluvial sediments, the combination of proluvial sediments and lacustrine sediments, and the combination of lacustrine sediments.
Through the analysis of sedimentary structures, grain size, mineral components, main elements, rare earth elements, surface textures of quartz grains and other aspects of clastic sediments, this thesis identifies the existence of aeolian sediments which is the first time to be found in the eastern parts of China of the Eocene. Moreover, this thesis further identifies that aeolian sediments can be divided into two types: aeolian sandstones and aeolian dust sediments.
This thesis further analyzes the reservoir properties of the sediments of different origin types and their combinations, and holds that the reservoir properties of temporary river sediments formed in the combination of proluvial sediments or in the transition section of the combination of proluvial sediments and lacustrine sediments are the best. During the comparison of sealing capacity of mudstones, the thesis finds that the reservoir properties of the secondary mudstones reworked by water currents are better than those of aeolian mudstones. Further analysis shows that the grain size distribution of these two types of mudstones is quite different and also shows that the sealing capacity is closely related to the contents of clay grains and silt grains. In order to solve the problem concerning the grain size tests of red mudstones, this thesis presents a new method for analyzing the grain size of red mudstones.
引文
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