隧道衬砌内空洞探地雷达探测正反演研究
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摘要
探地雷达是利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测地下浅层与超浅层介质分布的一种地球物理勘探方法,由于其无损、高效、抗干扰能力强、操作方便、成本低、受检测条件限制小、检测精度高、能够对隧道衬砌实施连续扫描等优势在隧道衬砌检测中得到了越来越广泛的应用。但目前隧道衬砌的检测基本都是应用二维技术,对不良病害的形状、大小、空间形态难以提供更为准确的信息,图像解释也具有很大的主观性和经验性。因此开展二、三维探测的正反演理论研究,定量确定隧道衬砌内空洞的大小和形态,为现场检测提供图谱解释的依据就显得尤为重要。论文通过物理模型试验、数值模拟、数字信号滤波和资料反演等方面对隧道衬砌内空洞的探地雷达正反演理论进行了较为系统深入地研究,并把二、三维联合检测方法应用于工程实际,主要研究内容和成果如下:
①论证了探地雷达探测时模型边界对数据采集的影响,并以此为依据设计了隧道衬砌内空洞物理模型,对该物理模型进行了探测雷达二、三维探测,在此基础上对采集数据用REFLEXW和EASY-3D软件进行了处理和成像,提出了隧道衬砌三维质量检测的合理测线间距,同时用MATLAB编程实现了三维衬砌检测图像的可视化,通过雷达剖面、雷达切片的不同显示形式,揭示了方形空洞的二、三维图谱特征,定量确定了隧道衬砌内空洞的大小和形态。
②针对探地雷达信号具有非平稳性,脉冲信号非线性衰减等特点,把多小波理论引入到探地雷达信号滤波处理。详细推导了CL4平衡多小波在探地雷达信号处理中的分解、重构及滤波算法,用MATLAB进行编程实现,并应用于试验数据和现场检测数据的信号滤波,取得了较好效果。
③从代表探地雷达传播机理的Maxwell方程式出发,运用无反射条件的匹配矩阵,详细推导了导电介质二维TM波和三维正演模拟在考虑和不考虑介质磁损耗的UPML吸收边界条件,建立了模型区与吸收边界区离散FDTD正演差分公式间的联系,用MATLAB编程实现,并对各种二维空洞模型和三维矩形空洞模型进了正演模拟,丰富了不同形态空洞探地雷达探测的图谱特征和解释依据,同时用MATLAB编程实现了RAMAC探地雷达系统数据转化程序,即雷达数据文件存储的各种信息的读取和数据文件转化为*.rd3格式文件,从而可方便地对探地雷达数据进行二次开发、处理、成像与分析。
④推导了三维和二维探地雷达反演问题数学物理模型的一般格式,将Tikhonov正则化方法引入探地雷达介电常数反演中,构制了探地雷达探测介电常数反演目标函数。用MATLAB编写了基于Tikhonov正则化方法的实数编码遗传算法反演程序,运用该程序对二维空洞模型和梯形异常体模型介电常数进行了反演。
⑤提出了隧道衬砌探地雷达二、三维联合检测方法,并把它应用在忻保高速公路第一合同段的大南陌隧道和西南沟1#隧道,取得了良好效果,为实现探地雷达隧道衬砌检测技术由定性描述到定量应用探索了一种新的方法。
Ground Penetrating Radar is one of the geophysical exploration methods which used ultra-high frequency pulse electromagnetic wave detecting the distribution of media in shallow and super-shallow underground, it is more widely used on inspection of tunnel lining, because of its non-destructive, efficient, anti-interference ability, easy operation, low cost, subject to conditions detected a small, high precision, continuous scanning for tunnel. at the current, tunnel testing techniques are basically two-dimensional, which is more difficult to provide accurate information for disease of bad shape, size, spatial form, and the image interpretation has been more great subjectivity and empirical. Therefore, it is important to carry out the inversion theory research on the two and three-dimensional probe, determine the size of tunnel lining and shape inside the cavity quantitatively; provide the basis for testing by explaining the maps. This paper study on the inversion of ground penetrating radar theory in the cavity of tunnel lining systematically, by the physical model test, numerical simulation, digital signal filtering and data retrieval, and apply the second, three-dimensional joint detection method to engineering practice, the main contents and results are as follows:
①This paper demonstrated the impact on the model-border when collected the data by the use of ground penetrating radar, and as a basis for the design of the tunnel lining within the empty physical model, two, three-dimensional radar detection as used to detect empty physical model ,and the software of reflex and easy-3D was used to deal with the data, promote the three-dimensional quality inspection tunnel reasonable line spacing, and using MATLAB programming visualization the three-dimensional image of lining detection and by radar profile, the radar section of the different display forms, summed up the square empty two, three-dimensional map features.
②Aimed at the features of non-stability and nonlinear pulse signal attenuation belong to penetrating radar signals. The multi-wavelet theory is introduced in the radar noise reduction, CL4 balance multi-wavelet in ground penetrating radar signal processing filtering algorithm is detailed derived, and lab test data and field test data of the signal filtering used programming of MATLAB and achieved good results.
③Take the Maxwell equations of ground penetrating radar transmission mechanism for example, the conductive medium of two-dimensional TM wave and three dimensional forward modeling and without considering the medium in the magnetic loss of UPML absorbing boundary conditions are derived in detail which was used the matching condition of no reflection matrix, the model area and absorbing boundary zone of discrete FDTD forward difference formula was derived. and a variety of two-dimensional models and three-dimensional rectangular cavity empty was put into the forward simulation model using MATLAB programming, while the RAMAC with MATLAB programming GPR system data conversion, that is, the radar data files stored in various information and data files to read into *.rd3 format.
④The general mathematical and physical model form of the three-dimensional and two-dimensional inversion of ground penetrating radar was derived; the Tikhonov regularization method was introduced in dielectric constant inversion of ground penetrating radar, and configuration of ground-penetrating radar system inverse dielectric constant objective function. Prepared using MATLAB based on real-coded genetic algorithm process Tikhonov regularization method, the use of inversion programs to inversion the dielectric constant of the two-dimensional on cavity model and the trapezoidal model.
⑤Proposed the joint detection method of tunnel testing on the two and three-dimensional and applied to Danan Mo and XInan Gou 1 # Tunnel of the first contract in Xin Bao Expressway, for the realization of radar detection of tunnel lining in this paper builds a new road by using the qualitative description to the quantitative application.
①论证了探地雷达探测时模型边界对数据采集的影响,并以此为依据设计了隧道衬砌内空洞物理模型,对该物理模型进行了探测雷达二、三维探测,在此基础上对采集数据用REFLEXW和EASY-3D软件进行了处理和成像,提出了隧道衬砌三维质量检测的合理测线间距,同时用MATLAB编程实现了三维衬砌检测图像的可视化,通过雷达剖面、雷达切片的不同显示形式,揭示了方形空洞的二、三维图谱特征,定量确定了隧道衬砌内空洞的大小和形态。
②针对探地雷达信号具有非平稳性,脉冲信号非线性衰减等特点,把多小波理论引入到探地雷达信号滤波处理。详细推导了CL4平衡多小波在探地雷达信号处理中的分解、重构及滤波算法,用MATLAB进行编程实现,并应用于试验数据和现场检测数据的信号滤波,取得了较好效果。
③从代表探地雷达传播机理的Maxwell方程式出发,运用无反射条件的匹配矩阵,详细推导了导电介质二维TM波和三维正演模拟在考虑和不考虑介质磁损耗的UPML吸收边界条件,建立了模型区与吸收边界区离散FDTD正演差分公式间的联系,用MATLAB编程实现,并对各种二维空洞模型和三维矩形空洞模型进了正演模拟,丰富了不同形态空洞探地雷达探测的图谱特征和解释依据,同时用MATLAB编程实现了RAMAC探地雷达系统数据转化程序,即雷达数据文件存储的各种信息的读取和数据文件转化为*.rd3格式文件,从而可方便地对探地雷达数据进行二次开发、处理、成像与分析。
④推导了三维和二维探地雷达反演问题数学物理模型的一般格式,将Tikhonov正则化方法引入探地雷达介电常数反演中,构制了探地雷达探测介电常数反演目标函数。用MATLAB编写了基于Tikhonov正则化方法的实数编码遗传算法反演程序,运用该程序对二维空洞模型和梯形异常体模型介电常数进行了反演。
⑤提出了隧道衬砌探地雷达二、三维联合检测方法,并把它应用在忻保高速公路第一合同段的大南陌隧道和西南沟1#隧道,取得了良好效果,为实现探地雷达隧道衬砌检测技术由定性描述到定量应用探索了一种新的方法。
Ground Penetrating Radar is one of the geophysical exploration methods which used ultra-high frequency pulse electromagnetic wave detecting the distribution of media in shallow and super-shallow underground, it is more widely used on inspection of tunnel lining, because of its non-destructive, efficient, anti-interference ability, easy operation, low cost, subject to conditions detected a small, high precision, continuous scanning for tunnel. at the current, tunnel testing techniques are basically two-dimensional, which is more difficult to provide accurate information for disease of bad shape, size, spatial form, and the image interpretation has been more great subjectivity and empirical. Therefore, it is important to carry out the inversion theory research on the two and three-dimensional probe, determine the size of tunnel lining and shape inside the cavity quantitatively; provide the basis for testing by explaining the maps. This paper study on the inversion of ground penetrating radar theory in the cavity of tunnel lining systematically, by the physical model test, numerical simulation, digital signal filtering and data retrieval, and apply the second, three-dimensional joint detection method to engineering practice, the main contents and results are as follows:
①This paper demonstrated the impact on the model-border when collected the data by the use of ground penetrating radar, and as a basis for the design of the tunnel lining within the empty physical model, two, three-dimensional radar detection as used to detect empty physical model ,and the software of reflex and easy-3D was used to deal with the data, promote the three-dimensional quality inspection tunnel reasonable line spacing, and using MATLAB programming visualization the three-dimensional image of lining detection and by radar profile, the radar section of the different display forms, summed up the square empty two, three-dimensional map features.
②Aimed at the features of non-stability and nonlinear pulse signal attenuation belong to penetrating radar signals. The multi-wavelet theory is introduced in the radar noise reduction, CL4 balance multi-wavelet in ground penetrating radar signal processing filtering algorithm is detailed derived, and lab test data and field test data of the signal filtering used programming of MATLAB and achieved good results.
③Take the Maxwell equations of ground penetrating radar transmission mechanism for example, the conductive medium of two-dimensional TM wave and three dimensional forward modeling and without considering the medium in the magnetic loss of UPML absorbing boundary conditions are derived in detail which was used the matching condition of no reflection matrix, the model area and absorbing boundary zone of discrete FDTD forward difference formula was derived. and a variety of two-dimensional models and three-dimensional rectangular cavity empty was put into the forward simulation model using MATLAB programming, while the RAMAC with MATLAB programming GPR system data conversion, that is, the radar data files stored in various information and data files to read into *.rd3 format.
④The general mathematical and physical model form of the three-dimensional and two-dimensional inversion of ground penetrating radar was derived; the Tikhonov regularization method was introduced in dielectric constant inversion of ground penetrating radar, and configuration of ground-penetrating radar system inverse dielectric constant objective function. Prepared using MATLAB based on real-coded genetic algorithm process Tikhonov regularization method, the use of inversion programs to inversion the dielectric constant of the two-dimensional on cavity model and the trapezoidal model.
⑤Proposed the joint detection method of tunnel testing on the two and three-dimensional and applied to Danan Mo and XInan Gou 1 # Tunnel of the first contract in Xin Bao Expressway, for the realization of radar detection of tunnel lining in this paper builds a new road by using the qualitative description to the quantitative application.
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