电子式电流互感器传变特性及适应性保护原理研究
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摘要
电流、电压互感器作为电力系统电量测量设备,承担着监测一次设备运行状态、为二次设备提供真实、可靠的电气量等任务。以电子式电流互感器为代表的新型电子式互感器具有与被测电流回路没有直接的电的联系、频带宽、输出功率低、结构简单、线性特性良好等显著优点,解决了传统电磁式电流互感器的饱和以及暂态精度低等问题。随着电力系统的不断发展,新一代电子式互感器取代传统互感器,已是不可逆转的趋势。
由于电子式互感器的输出是数字信号,与传统互感器输出的模拟信号有着本质的不同,这对与之相联的保护等二次设备及其测试系统将产生深刻的影响。论文以电子式互感器特性作为研究主线,系统地分析了以下几个方面的重要内容：论文提出了电子式互感器数字建模的思想,研究了电子式电流互感器整个传感系统各部分的构成、传变特性、频域特性的分析方法,构建了几种典型的ECT建模方案,并完成了模型的仿真研究与实验验证。论文研究了基于电子式互感器相关的接口技术,探索二次测控保护设备对电子式互感器获取的电流电压信号的新应用,促进保护新原理的研究,提出了直接利用电子式互感器的微分信号做为保护系统的输入的思想,提出基于微分输入信号的R-L模型距离保护新原理和差动保护新原理,并进行了理论分析与仿真研究,获得了一些重要的研究成果。针对适应电子式互感器的数字化保护仿真实验测试手段研究方面的空白,论文提出基于IEC61850标准的新型实时仿真测试系统的思想,并构建实现了兼容电子式互感器的新型动态模拟系统及RTDS数字实时仿真系统。论文在新型实时仿真系统环境下,进行了电子式互感器与传统互感器的特性对比实验,深入分析了电子式互感器对于传统保护原理的改善作用。论文所做的主要工作如下：
1、完成了基于Rogowski线圈的电子式电流互感器的仿真数字建模,论文详细研究了包括罗氏线圈测量回路的整个传感系统的仿真模型的分析方法和设计思路。利用PSCAD进行仿真测试,通过对系统稳态及故障的暂态过程进行仿真分析,论证了所建立的数字模型对于一次信号的波形具有良好的跟随作用；应用PSCAD建立的仿真系统作为互感器数字模型的数据源,将其输出数据和实际互感器装置的动模录波数据导入到MATLAB中进行对比分析,实验结果证明了建模方法的正确性。
2、在传统动态模拟实验系统的基础上进行改造升级,构建了兼容数字化动模测试与传统动模测试的新型物理模拟系统。在新型物理模拟实验环境下,以继电保护为应用对象,进行了传统电磁式互感器和电子式互感器的性能对比测试实验。分析了电子式互感器的应用对于传统保护原理的影响。针对输电线路的差动保护,重点研究不同故障情况下,采用电子式互感器后的保护的动作特性曲线。结果表明,由于电子式互感器在大电流情况下无饱和现象,能够显著提高线路差动保护的安全性、可靠性和灵敏性。
3、讨论了电子式互感器与继电保护系统的两种接口方案即：其一,在电子式互感器传感系统增加外积分环节,反映被测电压、电流的变化,实现两者的对接；其二,省去互感器的积分环节,建立基于电子式互感器微分输入信号的保护算法,实现电子式互感器与保护系统的对接。
4、本文在分析两种不同接口方案特点的基础上,针对第二种接口方案,结合传统保护原理提出了基于电子式互感器微分输入信号的R-L模型距离保护新原理以及线路差动保护新原理,并进行了理论分析与仿真验证,结果表明所提出的保护原理是正确的和可行的。
5、提出了基于IEC61850标准的实时数字仿真测试方法,构建了新型实时数字仿真测试系统。采用电子式互感器后,实时数字仿真系统不再需要D/A转换和功率放大等环节,可以直接将仿真产生的数据经格式转换后加以使用。本文研究了基于IEC61850标准的新型数字仿真测试系统的构成和实现,介绍了连接实时数字仿真系统RTDS与全数字二次设备的测试模型,并且通过对110kV线路数字化保护的实验验证了新型测试系统的实用性。
论文最后对上述研究成果进行了总结,提出了进一步的研究方向。
Current and voltage transducers as the power measurement equipment, are responsible for monitoring a primary device and providing true and reliable electric quantities to the secondary equipment. Electronic current transducer (ECT) as the representative of the new electronic transducer circuit has no electrical contact with the measured current circuit, has the frequency bandwidth, low output, simple structure, good linearity and other significant advantages, which solves the traditional electromagnetic transient current transducer saturation and low accuracy problem. With the continuous development of power system, it is an irreversible trend that a new generation electronic transducer replaces the traditional transducer.
The output of the electronic transducer is a digital signal, which is essentially different with the analog signal output of the traditional transducers. This will have a profound impact on the secondary equipment and its test system. This paper takes properties of electronic transducer as a main research and analyzes the important content of the following aspects:this paper proposed the digital modeling idea of electronic transducer and studied the sensor system composition of the electronic current transducer and frequency domain characteristics, and constructed several typical ECT modeling program, and complete the model simulation and experimental verification. The thesis researched on the interface technology based on electronic transducer, explore measuring and protective equipment to make a new applications of current and voltage signals from the electronic transducer, promoted research on the new protection principles, proposed a idea that directly use electronic transducer differential signal as a protection input, put forward the new RL models principles and the new differential protection principle based on the differential input signal, and made the theoretical analysis and simulation studies, and acquired a number of important research results. In allusion to the blankness which test means of protection is adapted to electronic transducer, the paper proposed a new thought of real-time simulation test system based on IEC61850, and built the new dynamic simulation systems and real-time digital simulation of RTDS system compatibile with electronic transducer. In a new real-time simulation environment, the paper made a comparative characterizer experiments between the electronic transducer and the traditional transducer, analyzed the importation made by the electronic transducer to the traditional protection principle. The main work of this paper is following:
1, Digital simulation modeling is completed of electronic current transducer based on Rogowski coil, the paper made a detailed study on simulation model of the entire sensor system in Rogowski coil measuring circuit. Using PS CAD to make a simulation test and through analysis of the process of steady state and transient fault simulation, this paper demonstrated that the digital model followed the primary signals well; Using PSCAD simulation system as a data source of digital transducer model, its output data and the actual dynamic model data of transducer was exported into MATLAB to make a comparative analysis. The experimental results prove the correctness of the modeling approach.
2, To upgrade the traditional dynamic simulation experimental system and to build a new type of physical simulation system compatible with digital dynamic simulation and traditional dynamic simulation. In the new physical simulation environment, taking the protection as a application object, a performance comparing test was made between the conventional electromagnetic transducer and the of electronic transducer. It is analyzed that the application of electronic transducer effects on traditional protection principle. It is focused on the operating characteristic curve of line differential protection in the different fault conditions after using electronic transducer. The research results show that the safety and the reliability of line differential protection is observably improved because the electronic transducer has no saturation in case of high current.
3, Two interface modes of the electronic transducer and relay protection system is discussed, namely:Firstly, in order to reflect the voltage and current, the outside integral circuit is increased in the sensor system of electronic transducer to achieve connection; Secondly, omits the transducer integral part and modify the traditional protection algorithm, the differential signals from electronic transducer are used in protection algorithm directly.
4, This paper analyzes the characteristics of two different interfaces and proposes the R-L protection principle and the differential protection principle based on the differential input signals. The theory is correct and feasible through theoretical analysis and simulation. The electronic current transducer differential signals are applied to protection algorithm directly. It can give full play to the advantages of electronic transducer and improves the reliability and accuracy of protection.
5, A new digital simulation test method is proposed based on electronic transducer and a new simulation test system is constructed. After using electronic transducer, the real-time digital simulation system no longer need to D/A conversion and power amplification and so on, generated directly to the simulation data can be used after format conversion. This paper discusses the new digital simulation system structure and implementation based on the IEC61850 standard, describes the test model connecting RTDS and full digital secondary equipment, and verifies the practicality of the new test system through 110kV line digital protection experiment.
Finally this paper summarizes the research results above and proposed the further research direction.
由于电子式互感器的输出是数字信号,与传统互感器输出的模拟信号有着本质的不同,这对与之相联的保护等二次设备及其测试系统将产生深刻的影响。论文以电子式互感器特性作为研究主线,系统地分析了以下几个方面的重要内容：论文提出了电子式互感器数字建模的思想,研究了电子式电流互感器整个传感系统各部分的构成、传变特性、频域特性的分析方法,构建了几种典型的ECT建模方案,并完成了模型的仿真研究与实验验证。论文研究了基于电子式互感器相关的接口技术,探索二次测控保护设备对电子式互感器获取的电流电压信号的新应用,促进保护新原理的研究,提出了直接利用电子式互感器的微分信号做为保护系统的输入的思想,提出基于微分输入信号的R-L模型距离保护新原理和差动保护新原理,并进行了理论分析与仿真研究,获得了一些重要的研究成果。针对适应电子式互感器的数字化保护仿真实验测试手段研究方面的空白,论文提出基于IEC61850标准的新型实时仿真测试系统的思想,并构建实现了兼容电子式互感器的新型动态模拟系统及RTDS数字实时仿真系统。论文在新型实时仿真系统环境下,进行了电子式互感器与传统互感器的特性对比实验,深入分析了电子式互感器对于传统保护原理的改善作用。论文所做的主要工作如下：
1、完成了基于Rogowski线圈的电子式电流互感器的仿真数字建模,论文详细研究了包括罗氏线圈测量回路的整个传感系统的仿真模型的分析方法和设计思路。利用PSCAD进行仿真测试,通过对系统稳态及故障的暂态过程进行仿真分析,论证了所建立的数字模型对于一次信号的波形具有良好的跟随作用；应用PSCAD建立的仿真系统作为互感器数字模型的数据源,将其输出数据和实际互感器装置的动模录波数据导入到MATLAB中进行对比分析,实验结果证明了建模方法的正确性。
2、在传统动态模拟实验系统的基础上进行改造升级,构建了兼容数字化动模测试与传统动模测试的新型物理模拟系统。在新型物理模拟实验环境下,以继电保护为应用对象,进行了传统电磁式互感器和电子式互感器的性能对比测试实验。分析了电子式互感器的应用对于传统保护原理的影响。针对输电线路的差动保护,重点研究不同故障情况下,采用电子式互感器后的保护的动作特性曲线。结果表明,由于电子式互感器在大电流情况下无饱和现象,能够显著提高线路差动保护的安全性、可靠性和灵敏性。
3、讨论了电子式互感器与继电保护系统的两种接口方案即：其一,在电子式互感器传感系统增加外积分环节,反映被测电压、电流的变化,实现两者的对接；其二,省去互感器的积分环节,建立基于电子式互感器微分输入信号的保护算法,实现电子式互感器与保护系统的对接。
4、本文在分析两种不同接口方案特点的基础上,针对第二种接口方案,结合传统保护原理提出了基于电子式互感器微分输入信号的R-L模型距离保护新原理以及线路差动保护新原理,并进行了理论分析与仿真验证,结果表明所提出的保护原理是正确的和可行的。
5、提出了基于IEC61850标准的实时数字仿真测试方法,构建了新型实时数字仿真测试系统。采用电子式互感器后,实时数字仿真系统不再需要D/A转换和功率放大等环节,可以直接将仿真产生的数据经格式转换后加以使用。本文研究了基于IEC61850标准的新型数字仿真测试系统的构成和实现,介绍了连接实时数字仿真系统RTDS与全数字二次设备的测试模型,并且通过对110kV线路数字化保护的实验验证了新型测试系统的实用性。
论文最后对上述研究成果进行了总结,提出了进一步的研究方向。
Current and voltage transducers as the power measurement equipment, are responsible for monitoring a primary device and providing true and reliable electric quantities to the secondary equipment. Electronic current transducer (ECT) as the representative of the new electronic transducer circuit has no electrical contact with the measured current circuit, has the frequency bandwidth, low output, simple structure, good linearity and other significant advantages, which solves the traditional electromagnetic transient current transducer saturation and low accuracy problem. With the continuous development of power system, it is an irreversible trend that a new generation electronic transducer replaces the traditional transducer.
The output of the electronic transducer is a digital signal, which is essentially different with the analog signal output of the traditional transducers. This will have a profound impact on the secondary equipment and its test system. This paper takes properties of electronic transducer as a main research and analyzes the important content of the following aspects:this paper proposed the digital modeling idea of electronic transducer and studied the sensor system composition of the electronic current transducer and frequency domain characteristics, and constructed several typical ECT modeling program, and complete the model simulation and experimental verification. The thesis researched on the interface technology based on electronic transducer, explore measuring and protective equipment to make a new applications of current and voltage signals from the electronic transducer, promoted research on the new protection principles, proposed a idea that directly use electronic transducer differential signal as a protection input, put forward the new RL models principles and the new differential protection principle based on the differential input signal, and made the theoretical analysis and simulation studies, and acquired a number of important research results. In allusion to the blankness which test means of protection is adapted to electronic transducer, the paper proposed a new thought of real-time simulation test system based on IEC61850, and built the new dynamic simulation systems and real-time digital simulation of RTDS system compatibile with electronic transducer. In a new real-time simulation environment, the paper made a comparative characterizer experiments between the electronic transducer and the traditional transducer, analyzed the importation made by the electronic transducer to the traditional protection principle. The main work of this paper is following:
1, Digital simulation modeling is completed of electronic current transducer based on Rogowski coil, the paper made a detailed study on simulation model of the entire sensor system in Rogowski coil measuring circuit. Using PS CAD to make a simulation test and through analysis of the process of steady state and transient fault simulation, this paper demonstrated that the digital model followed the primary signals well; Using PSCAD simulation system as a data source of digital transducer model, its output data and the actual dynamic model data of transducer was exported into MATLAB to make a comparative analysis. The experimental results prove the correctness of the modeling approach.
2, To upgrade the traditional dynamic simulation experimental system and to build a new type of physical simulation system compatible with digital dynamic simulation and traditional dynamic simulation. In the new physical simulation environment, taking the protection as a application object, a performance comparing test was made between the conventional electromagnetic transducer and the of electronic transducer. It is analyzed that the application of electronic transducer effects on traditional protection principle. It is focused on the operating characteristic curve of line differential protection in the different fault conditions after using electronic transducer. The research results show that the safety and the reliability of line differential protection is observably improved because the electronic transducer has no saturation in case of high current.
3, Two interface modes of the electronic transducer and relay protection system is discussed, namely:Firstly, in order to reflect the voltage and current, the outside integral circuit is increased in the sensor system of electronic transducer to achieve connection; Secondly, omits the transducer integral part and modify the traditional protection algorithm, the differential signals from electronic transducer are used in protection algorithm directly.
4, This paper analyzes the characteristics of two different interfaces and proposes the R-L protection principle and the differential protection principle based on the differential input signals. The theory is correct and feasible through theoretical analysis and simulation. The electronic current transducer differential signals are applied to protection algorithm directly. It can give full play to the advantages of electronic transducer and improves the reliability and accuracy of protection.
5, A new digital simulation test method is proposed based on electronic transducer and a new simulation test system is constructed. After using electronic transducer, the real-time digital simulation system no longer need to D/A conversion and power amplification and so on, generated directly to the simulation data can be used after format conversion. This paper discusses the new digital simulation system structure and implementation based on the IEC61850 standard, describes the test model connecting RTDS and full digital secondary equipment, and verifies the practicality of the new test system through 110kV line digital protection experiment.
Finally this paper summarizes the research results above and proposed the further research direction.
引文
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