黑龙江三矿沟铜多金属矿区（床）成矿规律及找矿方向
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摘要
黑龙江省嫩江县三矿沟铜多金属矿床位于西伯利亚板块、华北板块和古太平洋板块三者夹持的中间地带,三矿沟—多宝山北西向弧形构造成矿带的西北端。在三矿沟—多宝山铜金属成矿带上已发现了多宝山大型斑岩铜矿、铜山铜矿、争光岩金矿、三矿沟铜铁矿床及众多的矿(化)点。2006年三矿沟铜铁矿床被列为国家第一批危机矿山接替资源找矿项目,本文即是在该项目实施过程中所取得大量翔实的地质资料基础上,综合运用构造地质学、岩石学、矿物学、矿床学、火山岩相学、地球物理学、地球化学、流体包裹体地质学、同位素地质学等多学科的理论和方法,结合前人的研究成果,重新认识了三矿沟铜多金属矿区(床)的地质特征、成矿规律和找矿标志,论述了花朵山环形构造特征及与成矿的关系,明确了矿区下一步的找矿方向,为在该地区寻找大中型的铜多金属矿床提出了建设性的指导意见。
研究认为花朵山环形构造为一具有良好成矿功能的构造—成矿系统,可分解为3个环,外环已发现有奥陶系—泥盆系脆—韧性变形变质带中的蚀变岩型金矿化;中环有晚三叠世—中侏罗世英云闪长岩体与夹大理岩透镜体沉积建造的侵入接触带附近的矽卡岩型铜铁金银矿化和英云闪长岩体中的细脉浸染型钼(铜)矿化;内环有早白垩世龙江期花朵山火山机构边部隐爆角砾岩体中的火山热液—斑岩型铜(钼)矿化。在花朵山环形构造范围内,构成了一个多期、多成因、多矿种的成矿系列。
硫、铅同位素研究表明,硫主要来源于深源岩浆,极少量可能来自于地层。铅为混入了放射性成因铅的混合铅,显示了壳幔混合铅的特征。
流体包裹体研究结果显示,成矿热流体主要为岩浆热液,其均一温度变化于152-478℃之间,盐度介于1.57-58.02 wt% NaCl,密度变化于0.64-1.18 g/cm_3,总体属中-高温度、中-高盐度、中等密度的体系。
The Sankuanggou copper polymetallic deposit, located in the middle area clamped by Siberia plate, North China plate and Pacific plate, is occurred in the northwest part of Sankuanggou– Duobaoshan arc-like tectonic metallogenic belt. Duobaoshan large-scale porphyry-type copper deposit, Baoshan copper deposit, Zhengguang rock gold deposit, Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit and lots of mineral (mineralized) occurrence have been found in this metallogenic belt. In 2006, the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit was classified as the first national prospecting project of successive mineral resources in crisis mine. And, in the process the implementing the this project, a lot of detailed geological data has been collected, the geological characteristics, mineralization law and prospecting indicator of Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit have been re-studied by using the theories and methods of structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, mineral deposits, volcanics facieology, geophysics, geochemistry, geology of fluid inclusions, isotope geology and other subjects, and through combining with the formers’studied results, as well as the characteristics of Huaduoshan circular structure and their relationships with mineralization have been discussed. Therefore, the future prospecting direction in this mining area has been defined, which provided a constructive guidance for finding large- or medium-sized copper polymetallic deposit in this area.
Studies have suggested that the Huaduoshan circular structure is a tectonic- metallogenic system with good mineralization, which can be divided into three rings. In the outer ring, the gold mineralization with altered rock type has been found in the Ordovician - Devonian brittle - ductile deformation and metamorphic belt; In the middle ring, the skarn-type Cu-Fe-Au-Ag mineralization has occurred in the area nearby the intrusive contact zone between Late Triassic - Middle Jurassic tonalite rock-mass and sedimentary formation layered with marble lenses, and the veinlet disseminated Mo (Cu) mineralization has produced in the tonalite rockmass; And in the inner ring, volcanic hydrothermal - porphyry Mo (Cu) mineralization has appeared in the cryptoexplosive breccia rockmass which occurred in the marginal area of Huaduoshan volcanic edifices in Early Cretaceous Longjiang period. A metallogenic series with multi-phase, multi-origin, multi-minerals has been formed in the range of Huaduoshan circular structure.
Sulfur and lead isotope studies have shown that, sulfur is mainly derived from the deep source of magma, with a very small amount of sulfur come from the strata; the lead belongs to the mixture lead that mixed with radiogenic lead, showing the characteristics of crust-mantle mixing lead, and reflecting the ore-forming materials of this deposit are dominated by the crust-mantle mixing source.
The studies of fluid inclusion have indicated that, the ore-forming fluids are mainly magmatic hydrothermal, with varying degrees of precipitation mixed in the late mineralization stage. Ore-forming fluids generally belong to the system of high temperature, medium - high salinity and medium-density. And the ore-forming pressure and depth have shown that this mineral deposit formed in mesogene - shallow mineralization environment.
研究认为花朵山环形构造为一具有良好成矿功能的构造—成矿系统,可分解为3个环,外环已发现有奥陶系—泥盆系脆—韧性变形变质带中的蚀变岩型金矿化;中环有晚三叠世—中侏罗世英云闪长岩体与夹大理岩透镜体沉积建造的侵入接触带附近的矽卡岩型铜铁金银矿化和英云闪长岩体中的细脉浸染型钼(铜)矿化;内环有早白垩世龙江期花朵山火山机构边部隐爆角砾岩体中的火山热液—斑岩型铜(钼)矿化。在花朵山环形构造范围内,构成了一个多期、多成因、多矿种的成矿系列。
硫、铅同位素研究表明,硫主要来源于深源岩浆,极少量可能来自于地层。铅为混入了放射性成因铅的混合铅,显示了壳幔混合铅的特征。
流体包裹体研究结果显示,成矿热流体主要为岩浆热液,其均一温度变化于152-478℃之间,盐度介于1.57-58.02 wt% NaCl,密度变化于0.64-1.18 g/cm_3,总体属中-高温度、中-高盐度、中等密度的体系。
The Sankuanggou copper polymetallic deposit, located in the middle area clamped by Siberia plate, North China plate and Pacific plate, is occurred in the northwest part of Sankuanggou– Duobaoshan arc-like tectonic metallogenic belt. Duobaoshan large-scale porphyry-type copper deposit, Baoshan copper deposit, Zhengguang rock gold deposit, Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit and lots of mineral (mineralized) occurrence have been found in this metallogenic belt. In 2006, the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit was classified as the first national prospecting project of successive mineral resources in crisis mine. And, in the process the implementing the this project, a lot of detailed geological data has been collected, the geological characteristics, mineralization law and prospecting indicator of Sankuanggou Cu-Fe deposit have been re-studied by using the theories and methods of structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, mineral deposits, volcanics facieology, geophysics, geochemistry, geology of fluid inclusions, isotope geology and other subjects, and through combining with the formers’studied results, as well as the characteristics of Huaduoshan circular structure and their relationships with mineralization have been discussed. Therefore, the future prospecting direction in this mining area has been defined, which provided a constructive guidance for finding large- or medium-sized copper polymetallic deposit in this area.
Studies have suggested that the Huaduoshan circular structure is a tectonic- metallogenic system with good mineralization, which can be divided into three rings. In the outer ring, the gold mineralization with altered rock type has been found in the Ordovician - Devonian brittle - ductile deformation and metamorphic belt; In the middle ring, the skarn-type Cu-Fe-Au-Ag mineralization has occurred in the area nearby the intrusive contact zone between Late Triassic - Middle Jurassic tonalite rock-mass and sedimentary formation layered with marble lenses, and the veinlet disseminated Mo (Cu) mineralization has produced in the tonalite rockmass; And in the inner ring, volcanic hydrothermal - porphyry Mo (Cu) mineralization has appeared in the cryptoexplosive breccia rockmass which occurred in the marginal area of Huaduoshan volcanic edifices in Early Cretaceous Longjiang period. A metallogenic series with multi-phase, multi-origin, multi-minerals has been formed in the range of Huaduoshan circular structure.
Sulfur and lead isotope studies have shown that, sulfur is mainly derived from the deep source of magma, with a very small amount of sulfur come from the strata; the lead belongs to the mixture lead that mixed with radiogenic lead, showing the characteristics of crust-mantle mixing lead, and reflecting the ore-forming materials of this deposit are dominated by the crust-mantle mixing source.
The studies of fluid inclusion have indicated that, the ore-forming fluids are mainly magmatic hydrothermal, with varying degrees of precipitation mixed in the late mineralization stage. Ore-forming fluids generally belong to the system of high temperature, medium - high salinity and medium-density. And the ore-forming pressure and depth have shown that this mineral deposit formed in mesogene - shallow mineralization environment.
引文
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