伊朗Garmsar区块综合评价及目标优选研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,随着国民经济的迅速发展,我国对能源特别是对石油的需求不断增加。但是,经过近半个世纪的勘探与开发,我国的地下可采石油资源正在日益减少,而新发现的石油探明储量已远远跟不上国民经济发展的需要。由于缺乏能源储备,能源的短缺正越来越成为影响国家安全、制约我国国民经济持续稳定发展的瓶颈。为了缓解我国目前石油需求的紧张形势,中石化集团公司提出了“发展西部、稳定东部、探索南方、开拓海外”的战略方针。在这个战略方针的指导下,中石化集团公司积极地参与了海外油气勘探项目。
伊朗油气资源丰富,是中国开拓海外油气市场的重点地区之一,Garmsar区块是中石化在伊朗一个重要的勘探区块。该区块位于中伊朗盆地的北部,历史资料显示,Garmsar区块是有一定勘探潜力的。从2006年开始,中石化相继在该地区进行了地面地质调查、重磁和二维地震勘探；并在此基础上对区块的石油地质条件进行了一些研究,但是对于该区块还没有进行过系统和整体的综合评价工作。对该区块进行综合评价并优选钻探目标,是中石化在该地区尽快实现油气发现并进一步落实储量、以期进入商业开发阶段的关键。
本课题充分利用已有的地震、重力、野外勘查、区内和周边地区钻井及油气藏资料,对中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块的基本石油地质条件、成藏主要控制因素进行了研究,在落实圈闭的基础上,对区块圈闭进行了系统评价,优选了钻探目标。
通过本课题的研究,主要取得了以下的成果和认识：
1)通过构造研究与分析,明确了中伊朗盆地与区块的构造演化背景,基本查明了Garmsar区块构造格局。
2)通过地层、沉积、层序地层学等方面研究,完成了以准层序组为主的层序地层划分,并对Qom组各段沉积相、亚相与微相进行了划分。
3)通过大量分析化验与地质分析,研究了Garmsar区块烃源岩特征与生烃潜力。
4)利用现有的资料,对Garmsar区块的储层特征进行了研究,对储层进行了评价,推测了区块内可能的储盖组合类型。
5)通过对区块周边及内部已发现的油气田(藏)的解剖,结合区块基本石油地质特征,总结了成藏主控因素。
6)Garmsar区块的勘探风险：该工区储层具有很强的非均质性,裂缝是有效的储集空间,而对裂缝性灰岩储层的预测,目前还没有很好的办法。该区烃源岩的生烃潜力,能否满足形成大型油气田的条件,还需进一步的研究。
7)利用综合研究成果,对已发现与落实的圈闭进行了评价,提出了钻探部署建议。
最后,在综合研究的基础上,本课题对Garmsar区块的勘探优势及勘探风险进行了总结；并对区块下一步的勘探提出了具体的建议。
Since China's reform and opening up to outsider world, Chinese economy has thrived rapidly and energy demand, especially demand for oil, has soared. But the recoverable oil reserves in China are decreasing after exploration and production for near half century, and the newly-discovered proven reserves fall far behind demand from economy development of our country. Shortage of energy reserves has threatened country security and become a bottleneck to restrict sustainable economy development of China. To solve this problem, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) made a strategy called "Develop west of China, Stabilize east of China, Explore south of China and Expend oversea market" to increase energy reserves. With this strategy, SINOPEC has endeavored to participate in oversea oil exploration and development projects.
Iran is rich in oil and gas reserves and is one of important oversea market for SINOPEC, Garmsar block is a important exploration area in Iran. Garmsar block is located in Central Iran Basin and has certain hydrocarbon potential according to past exploration records. Since 2006, SINOPEC has conducted Surface Geology Survey, Gravimetric & Magnetic Survey and 2D Seismic Survey in Garmsar Block, petroleum geology condition research has been made following these surveys results. But integrated and systematic geology evaluation to Garmsar block has not been conducted yet up to now. Therefore, in order to find oil and gas within a reasonable term, outline reserves and enter commercial production phase, the essential work for SINOPEC is making an integrated evaluation to Garmsar block and then optimizing exploration targets.
Based on existing data and information such as seismic data, gravimetric data, field geology survey data, drilling data within and surrounding the area, as well as information of discovered oil and gas reservoirs, this Subject carried out systematic study on fundamental petroleum geology condition and key factors controlling reservoir formation in Garmsar block, Central Iran basin. Combined with structure interpretation, profitable traps are evaluated, and drilling targets are optimized.
Through studies in this Subject, we have achievements as follows:
1) By way of structure analysis, this Subject expatiates on tectonic evolution background, and points out structural framework in Garmsar block.
2) By way of multidisciplinary analysis including stratigraphic geology, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, the Subject accomplished sequence analysis in scale of parasequence, and classified sedimentary facies in different member of Qom formation.
3) Based on large number of testing data and geological analysis results, the Subjectt studied source rock condition and evaluated hydrocarbon generation potential.
4) Based on reservoir property analysis, the Subject pointed out potential reservoir-caprock assemblage in Garmsar Block.
5) Through dissection of discovered oil and gas field (reservoir), and combined with petroleum geological condition in Garmsar block, the Subject summarized key factors controlling reservoir formation.
6) Exploration Risks for Garmsar block:crack is the important reservoir space and the crack reservoir has severe heterogeneity, but there is no good means to predict crack reservoir precisely so far. Hydrocarbon-generating potential in Garmsar block remains uncertainty, whether source rock in this block has sufficient potential to form big oil and gas field still need to be studied.
7) Based on the integrated studies, we evaluated profitable traps and finally put forward deployment for further exploration targets.
Based on the integrated geological research, this Subject summarized exploration advantages and exploration risks in Garmsar Block and provided concrete suggestions for future exploration.
伊朗油气资源丰富,是中国开拓海外油气市场的重点地区之一,Garmsar区块是中石化在伊朗一个重要的勘探区块。该区块位于中伊朗盆地的北部,历史资料显示,Garmsar区块是有一定勘探潜力的。从2006年开始,中石化相继在该地区进行了地面地质调查、重磁和二维地震勘探；并在此基础上对区块的石油地质条件进行了一些研究,但是对于该区块还没有进行过系统和整体的综合评价工作。对该区块进行综合评价并优选钻探目标,是中石化在该地区尽快实现油气发现并进一步落实储量、以期进入商业开发阶段的关键。
本课题充分利用已有的地震、重力、野外勘查、区内和周边地区钻井及油气藏资料,对中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块的基本石油地质条件、成藏主要控制因素进行了研究,在落实圈闭的基础上,对区块圈闭进行了系统评价,优选了钻探目标。
通过本课题的研究,主要取得了以下的成果和认识：
1)通过构造研究与分析,明确了中伊朗盆地与区块的构造演化背景,基本查明了Garmsar区块构造格局。
2)通过地层、沉积、层序地层学等方面研究,完成了以准层序组为主的层序地层划分,并对Qom组各段沉积相、亚相与微相进行了划分。
3)通过大量分析化验与地质分析,研究了Garmsar区块烃源岩特征与生烃潜力。
4)利用现有的资料,对Garmsar区块的储层特征进行了研究,对储层进行了评价,推测了区块内可能的储盖组合类型。
5)通过对区块周边及内部已发现的油气田(藏)的解剖,结合区块基本石油地质特征,总结了成藏主控因素。
6)Garmsar区块的勘探风险：该工区储层具有很强的非均质性,裂缝是有效的储集空间,而对裂缝性灰岩储层的预测,目前还没有很好的办法。该区烃源岩的生烃潜力,能否满足形成大型油气田的条件,还需进一步的研究。
7)利用综合研究成果,对已发现与落实的圈闭进行了评价,提出了钻探部署建议。
最后,在综合研究的基础上,本课题对Garmsar区块的勘探优势及勘探风险进行了总结；并对区块下一步的勘探提出了具体的建议。
Since China's reform and opening up to outsider world, Chinese economy has thrived rapidly and energy demand, especially demand for oil, has soared. But the recoverable oil reserves in China are decreasing after exploration and production for near half century, and the newly-discovered proven reserves fall far behind demand from economy development of our country. Shortage of energy reserves has threatened country security and become a bottleneck to restrict sustainable economy development of China. To solve this problem, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) made a strategy called "Develop west of China, Stabilize east of China, Explore south of China and Expend oversea market" to increase energy reserves. With this strategy, SINOPEC has endeavored to participate in oversea oil exploration and development projects.
Iran is rich in oil and gas reserves and is one of important oversea market for SINOPEC, Garmsar block is a important exploration area in Iran. Garmsar block is located in Central Iran Basin and has certain hydrocarbon potential according to past exploration records. Since 2006, SINOPEC has conducted Surface Geology Survey, Gravimetric & Magnetic Survey and 2D Seismic Survey in Garmsar Block, petroleum geology condition research has been made following these surveys results. But integrated and systematic geology evaluation to Garmsar block has not been conducted yet up to now. Therefore, in order to find oil and gas within a reasonable term, outline reserves and enter commercial production phase, the essential work for SINOPEC is making an integrated evaluation to Garmsar block and then optimizing exploration targets.
Based on existing data and information such as seismic data, gravimetric data, field geology survey data, drilling data within and surrounding the area, as well as information of discovered oil and gas reservoirs, this Subject carried out systematic study on fundamental petroleum geology condition and key factors controlling reservoir formation in Garmsar block, Central Iran basin. Combined with structure interpretation, profitable traps are evaluated, and drilling targets are optimized.
Through studies in this Subject, we have achievements as follows:
1) By way of structure analysis, this Subject expatiates on tectonic evolution background, and points out structural framework in Garmsar block.
2) By way of multidisciplinary analysis including stratigraphic geology, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, the Subject accomplished sequence analysis in scale of parasequence, and classified sedimentary facies in different member of Qom formation.
3) Based on large number of testing data and geological analysis results, the Subjectt studied source rock condition and evaluated hydrocarbon generation potential.
4) Based on reservoir property analysis, the Subject pointed out potential reservoir-caprock assemblage in Garmsar Block.
5) Through dissection of discovered oil and gas field (reservoir), and combined with petroleum geological condition in Garmsar block, the Subject summarized key factors controlling reservoir formation.
6) Exploration Risks for Garmsar block:crack is the important reservoir space and the crack reservoir has severe heterogeneity, but there is no good means to predict crack reservoir precisely so far. Hydrocarbon-generating potential in Garmsar block remains uncertainty, whether source rock in this block has sufficient potential to form big oil and gas field still need to be studied.
7) Based on the integrated studies, we evaluated profitable traps and finally put forward deployment for further exploration targets.
Based on the integrated geological research, this Subject summarized exploration advantages and exploration risks in Garmsar Block and provided concrete suggestions for future exploration.
引文
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[2]宋来亮,徐国强,曹忠祥.中伊朗盆地卡尚地区Qom组层序地层研究。矿物岩石,2004,24(2)：82-87。
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